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- 2. Approach • Get the BIG picture before programming • “Why?” then “How?” • Principles and practices: know the concepts and know how to design and implement an application. • In the industry: design then coding
- 3. What is a Computer? From the Webster’s New World Dictionary: 1. A person who computes. 2. A device used for computing (an electronic machine which by means of stored instructions and information, perform rapid, often complex calculations or compiles, correlates, and selects data).
- 4. What is a program and what is programming? Programs: stored computer instructions for data processing. Programming = Data Structures + Algorithms Professor Donald E. Knuth
- 5. What Types of Programs? (1) Stand Alone: MS PowerPoint (2) Web/Internet-based: (a) Client-side: client-side JavaScript (b) Server Side: ASP.NET, JSP, Web Services 3-Tir Enterprise Applications (c) Both-sides: Apps (3) Cloud: Applications on the Cloud. Everything is on the Internet and the Internet is “a’ huge computer. Why? Code Reuse!
- 6. Traditional Compilation/Linking (C/C++) Source Code for Language 1 Language 1 Compiler on OS1 Binary Code for OS1 OS1 Source Code for Language 1 Language 1 Compiler on OS2 Binary Code for OS2 OS2
- 8. Java Intermediate Language: Java Bytecode Java Source Code (.java) Java Compiler (javac) on OS1 Java Compiler (javac) on OS2 Java Bytecode (.class) Java Interpreter on OS1 (java) Java Interpreter on OS2 (java) Binary Code for OS1 Binary Code for OS2 OS1 OS2 Program statements are interpreted one at a time during the run-time.
- 9. JIT Compiler An interpreter interprets intermediate code one line at a time. Slow execution. A JIT (Just-In-Time) Compiler compiles the complete code all at once just into native binary code before execution. Faster execution.
- 10. JIT Complier: Java Bytecode Compiler Java Source Code (.java) Java Compiler (javac) on OS1 Java Compiler (javac) on OS2 Java Bytecode (.class) Java JIT Compiler on OS1 Java JIT Compiler on OS2 Binary Code for OS1 Binary Code for OS2 OS1 OS2 All programming statements are compiled at compile time.
- 11. OS-Independent Code: Intermediate Languages The trend to support OS-independent binary code is to compile the source code into the binary format of an intermediate language. And to provide an interpreter for the intermediate language on each OS to translate the binary code of the intermediate language into the native binary code of the OS.
- 12. OS-Independent Compilation: Intermediate Language Source Code for Language 1 Language 1 Compiler on OS1 Language 1 Compiler on OS2 Intermediate Binary Code Intermediate Code Interpreter OS1 Intermediate Code Interpreter OS2 Binary Code for OS1 Binary Code for OS2 OS1 OS2
- 13. MSIL: Microsoft Intermediate Language Source Code for Language 1 Language 1 Compiler on OS1 Language 1 Compiler on OS2 MSIL Code MSIL JIT Compiler on OS1 MSIL JIT Compiler on OS2 Binary Code for OS1 Binary Code for OS2 OS1 OS2 .NET OS-Platform-Independence
- 14. The Programming Language for .NET: C# C#: (0) C^+^2n; n = 0, 1, 2, => C, C++, C# (1) The most advanced programming language to date (3) OOP (Object-oriented Programming) (4) EDP (Event Driven Programming) (5) Dynamic type generation (6) Platform-independent?: Code runs on any platform with .NET runtime (7) Visual Studio
- 16. .NET Common Language Runtime To make .NET language independent, CLR (Common Language Runtime) is defined as the runtime environment. CLR defines CTS (Common Type System) which should be followed by all languages to be used in the .NET framework. Syntax: int, for, .. Semantics: multiple inheritance is not allowed in CTS The code that follows CTS standard is called managed code. regular C++ supports multiple inheritance managed C++ does not support multiple inheritance
- 17. CLR: Common Language Runtime Source Code for Language 1 Language 1 Compiler on OS1 Source Code for Language 2 Language 2 Compiler on OS2 MSIL Code Confirming CTS (Managed Code) CLR on OS1 CLR on OS2 Binary Code for OS1 Binary Code for OS2 OS1 OS2 .NET Language-Independence
- 18. .NET Architecture for Language and Platform Independence (fan-in and fan-out on MSIL) Source Code for Language 1 Language 1 Compiler on OS1 MSIL Code Confirming CTS (Managed Code) CLR on OS1 Source Code for Language 2 CLR on OS2 Binary Code for OS1 Binary Code for OS2 OS1 Language 2 Compiler on OS2 OS2
- 19. CLI (Common Language Infrastructure) CLR/CTS for Everyone?
- 20. CLI : Common Language Infrastructure A specification defines an environment for multiple high-level languages to be used on different computer platforms. Created by Microsoft based on .NET, standardized by MS, Intel, HP and others, ratified by ECMA and ISO. .NET is an implementation of CLI for desktop systems. .NET Compact Framework is an implementation of CLI for portable devices. Open Source implementations: Mono development platform (Novell), Portable .NET (dotGNU)
- 21. CLI (Common Language Infrastructure) Specification Open Architecture for Language and Platform Independent Programming Source Code for Language 1 Language 1 Compiler on OS1 CIL (Common Intermediate Language) Code Confirming CTS (Common Type System) CLR for OS1 Source Code for Language 2 CLR for OS2 Binary Code for OS1 Binary Code for OS2 OS1 Language 2 Compiler on OS2 OS2
- 22. Even though, CLI/CTS/CLR can make a program written in any language to run on any platform, the entire program (including all libraries used) has to be on the platform before running. Can we have part of a program on one computer and another part of the same program on another computer? Distributed Computing. A program is divided into multiple parts and different parts are distribute on different computers. e.g. virtual surgery.
- 23. Web Enabled & Distributed .NET
- 24. What is .NET? .Net is a framework for developing OS-platform- independent, programming-language- independent, web-enabled, distributed applications.
- 25. .Net is Web-enabled and Distributed To run distributed code on the web, we need a standard way to register the code and a standard way to access the code. Registration: UDDI Registry: Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration. Access: SOAP: Simple Object Access Protocol WSDL: Web Service Description Language
- 26. .NET Architecture for Web-based Distributed Computing Client 1 Client 2 Web Service 1 UDDI Registry 1 SOAP WSDL Interface 1 UDDI Registry 2 SOAP Web Service 2 WSDL Interface 2 WEB
- 27. .NET Framework Composition http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET_Framework
- 28. .NET Framework Compositions Common Language Runtime (CLR ): provides the runtime environment for MSIL code. Framework Class Library (FCL) : provides standard libraries for developing common .Net applications. .NET runtime environment comes with Windows .NET development environment comes with Visual Studio
- 29. .NET Application Types Browser Accessible Remote Applications (ASP.NET) .Net Framework Class Library OS Web Services Distributed Applications Common Language Runtime Other Applications (Mobile, …) Local Applications (Windows Forms or Console Applications)
- 30. .Net Framework Class Library System Windows Forms (GUI) Web Data (Database) Enterprise Services XML (Data Description) String, … UI Services Connection DataSet XmlDocument Language Integrated Query, Windows Presentation Foundation, Windows Communication Foundation, …
- 31. .NET Enterprise Servers Internet Information Services (IIS): web server Commerce Server: e-commerce server SQL Server: database server Exchange Server: MS exchange services Mobile Information Server: wireless server Internet Security and Acceleration (ISA) Server: firewall, proxy, … BizTalk: B2B (Business-to-Business) server
- 32. History: .Net & COM : Code Reuse MFC: Microsoft Foundation Class, code reuse within an application (process) COM: Component Object Model, code reuse across applications (processes) DCOM: Distributed COM, code reuse across systems COM+: Internet-based Enterprise COM, code reuse across the Internet .NET: COM+ 2.0, all COM+ services are available in .NET, even those not in managed code, interoperable with COM-based applications
- 33. Versions of .NET .Net is evolving. 1.0: fundamentals CLR, FCL 2.0: http://forums.asp.net/t/1115522.aspx partial classes, profile object, ACL 3.0: http://forums.asp.net/t/1115522.aspx WCF (Communication), WWF (Workflow), WPF (Presentation) 4.0: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/ library/ms171868.aspx DLR (dynamic language runtime) improved security model parallel processing (PLINQ)
- 35. Latest .NET Framework http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/ vstudio/aa496123 Current version: framework 4.5 (08/2012) Framework 4.5 for Windows 8. ARM (Advanced RISC Machine) support in 4.5 on Windows 8 in addition to x86 SIMD (single instruction, multiple data), multi and many core processors (GPUs). Some support through Direct3D. No support yet for SSE (Streaming SIMD Extensions to x86)
- 36. A Common Language for the Internet (free of compilation and translation)?
- 37. A Common Language for the Internet • Tim Berners-Lee • ASCII text (ISO/IEC 8859-1) is platform-independent. • HTTP (Hyper Text Transport Protocol) e.g. GET wp.html Assembly Language for the Internet • HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) High-level language for the Internet) hyper text: text that describes other text tags: type definition of text in text <title>WP</title> all tags are predefined in HTML only system defined types, no user defined types Recognizable by all types of computers. (World Wide Web)
- 38. A Common Language for the Internet ÞXML (eXtensible Markup Language) Allow user defined tags (types) ÞSOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) Standards for defining objects for the Internet Based on XML ÞWSDL (Web Service Description Language) Standards for describing web services for the Internet Based on XML
- 39. Textbooks and References Te xtbooks: Programming Microsoft .NET, Jeff Prosise, Microsoft Press http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Microsoft%C2%AE-NET-Core-reference/dp/0735613761 In Safari (free online read for UA students through VPN) http://proquest.safaribooksonline.com/book/programming/microsoft-dotnet/0735613761/firstchapter Pro C# 2010 and .NET 4 Platform, Andrew Troelsen, Apress http://www.amazon.com/2010-NET-Platform-Andrew-Troelsen/dp/1430225491/ref=pd_sim_b_3 In Safari (free online read for UA students through VPN) http://proquest.safaribooksonline.com/book/programming/csharp/9781430225492
- 40. Textbooks and References Re ference Books: Professional C# 4 and .NET 4, Christian Nagel, et. al., Wrox Professional C#, Simon Robinson, et. al., Wrox Microsoft .NET for Programmers, Fergal Grimes, Manning Programming C#: Building .NET Applications with C#, Jesse Liberty, O’Reilly For Beginners: C# Concisely, Bishop & Horspool, Pearson / Addison Wesley Beginning C# Objects from Concepts to Code, Barker and Palmer, Apress Microsoft Visual C#.NET Step by Step, John Sharp, Microsoft Press Visual C#2010, Deitel & Deitel Understanding .NET, David Chappell, Pearson / Addison Wesley