Synergy of Plug-In Vehicles in Microgrids
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The document discusses the synergy between plug-in vehicles and microgrids, highlighting their mutual benefits in terms of reliability and economic advantages. It outlines the role of electric vehicles as distributed storage solutions that enhance grid stability and provide local reliability. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of grid integration and the use of HOMER software for optimizing hybrid systems.
Synergy of Plug-In Vehicles in Microgrids
- 1. The Synergy of Plug-in Vehicles in Micro-gridsPeter Lilienthal, Ph.D.CEO, HOMER Energypeter@homerenergy.comAutomotive Research Center ConferenceMay 24th, 20112334 Broadway, #B, Boulder, Co. 80304 www.homerenergy.com
- 2. What is a Microgrid?Set of loads and generation sources capable of autonomous “islanded” operationMicrogrids make EVs more valuableAnd vice versaReliabilityRenewablesSmart grid2334 Broadway, #B, Boulder, Co. 80304 www.homerenergy.com
- 3. Background and HistoryRemote and island grids are not newGrid-connected microgrids are comingDependent on liquid fuels from petroleum2334 Broadway, #B, Boulder, Co. 80304 www.homerenergy.com
- 4. 3 Disruptive InnovationsElectric vehiclesDistributed controlsLow cost PVGrid Parity2334 Broadway, #B, Boulder, Co. 80304 www.homerenergy.com
- 5. PV Price Trendhttp://srren.ipcc-wg3.de/ipcc-srren-generic-presentation-12334 Broadway, #B, Boulder, Co. 80304 www.homerenergy.com
- 6. Clean Power EvolutionLarge utilities have security and regulatory obstacles2334 Broadway, #B, Boulder, Co. 80304 www.homerenergy.com
- 7. Microgrids and Plug-in VehiclesGrid benefits of distributed storageSave fuel and $sStabilize the gridReliability2334 Broadway, #B, Boulder, Co. 80304 www.homerenergy.com
- 8. Economic BenefitsLong term storage (hours)Throughput costs ~ $0.40/ kWh in battery wearOnly economic now for small loadsShort term storage (minutes)Variable renewables => more spinning reserveGenerators have:Minimum load constraintsRamp rate constraintsLow efficiency at low loadStorage is a better reserve resource
- 9. A little storage goes a long way2334 Broadway, #B, Boulder, Co. 80304 www.homerenergy.com
- 10. Grid stabilityBenefit to both microgrid and central gridFrequency and voltage controlRenewable contributionDiesel-off operation2334 Broadway, #B, Boulder, Co. 80304 www.homerenergy.com
- 11. Local Reliability BenefitsStorage for short outagesHybrid renewables for extended outages2334 Broadway, #B, Boulder, Co. 80304 www.homerenergy.com
- 12. Types of VehiclesBattery sizePure EV or hybridV2G or Smart ChargingPower transfer capability110 volt x 30 amps = 3.3 kW = 4hp220 volt x 50 amp = 11 kW = 15 hp2334 Broadway, #B, Boulder, Co. 80304 www.homerenergy.com
- 13. Types of MicrogridsRemote microgridsGlobal experienceAlaska and AustraliaHOMER’s 60,000 users in 193 countriesGrid-connected microgridsReliability requirementsSustainability mandates2334 Broadway, #B, Boulder, Co. 80304 www.homerenergy.com
- 14. Too Many ChoicesSolarFuel CellsWindMicro-turbinesHydroGeothermalMicro-gridsBiomassDemand ResponseNew Storage Techs.Electric VehiclesLoad ManagementSmart grids2334 Broadway, #B, Boulder, Co. 80304 www.homerenergy.com
- 15. What is best?Depends on the applicationResourcesLoadsEquipment pricesEquipment performanceA confused mind says “No!”Hybrid optimization with the HOMER® software2334 Broadway, #B, Boulder, Co. 80304 www.homerenergy.com
- 16. HOMER History1993 Village PowerInternal NREL use2001 Public version 2.0Larger grid-connected systems 2005 Plug-in vehicleInternal NREL use2009 HOMER Energy spun off2011 Version 3.0Ease of customization2334 Broadway, #B, Boulder, Co. 80304 www.homerenergy.com
- 17. ConclusionEVs & microgrids: a perfect match.Grid integration is important.The HOMER software can help.2334 Broadway, #B, Boulder, Co. 80304 www.homerenergy.com