synopsis on design and estimation of intze tank

ABSTRACT
Liquid tanks and especially the elevated tanks are structures of high importance which are
considered as the main lifeline elements that should be capable of keeping the expected
performance. i.e. operation during and after earthquakes. Earlier design of water tanks was
being done using the working stress method given in IS: 3370 1965. This method leads to
thicker and heavily reinforced sections. The use of limit state method of design has been
adopted in the revised code IS 3370: 2009 and provision for checking the crack width is also
included in this code. Design and cost estimation of overhead water tanks is a time consuming
task, which requires a great deal of expertise. This study therefore examines the efficiency of
Square tanks. In order to draw reasonable inferences on tank design effectiveness, relative cost
implications of tank types and structural capacities. This study is carried out to analyse the cost
of overhead water tanks of varying capacities having square type water tank by working stress
method and limit state method so as to determine the most economical of the tank.
This project gives in brief, the theory behind the design of liquid retaining structure
(Elevated circular water tank with domed roof and conical base) using working stress method.
Elements are design in limit state method. Additionally, the project explores design of water
tank specifically for RAJKIYA ENGG. COLLEGE, AZAMGARH according to respective
standard data of the college. The final section describes detailed estimation aspect according
to the calculated data sheet.

INTRODUCTION
A water tank is used to store water to tide over the daily requirement. In the
Construction of concrete structure for the storage of water and other liquids the Imperviousness
of concrete is most essential .The permeability of any uniform and thoroughly compacted
concrete of given mix proportions is mainly dependent on water cement ratio .The increase in
water cement ratio results in increase in the permeability .The decrease in water cement ratio
will therefore be desirable to decrease the permeability, but very much reduced water cement
ratio may cause compact ion difficulties and prove to be harmful also. Design of liquid retaining
structure has to be based on the avoidance of cracking in the concrete having regard to its
tensile strength. Cracks can be prevented by avoiding the use of thick timber shuttering which
prevent the easy escape of heat of hydration from the concrete mass the risk of cracking can
also be minimized by reducing the restraints on free expansion or contraction of the structure.
This tank is designed under working stress method for serviceability because tank is
designed for long time of service and by this we escape from maintenance and element of intze
tank are prepared under limit state method for removal of crack and leakage.
The current strength of RAJKIYA ENGINEERING COLLEGE is 812 student 50 faculty and
200 worker approx including mess member but in case of future development of college
strength of student will rise upto 1500 and faculty will be 300( including their family member)
and worker will be rise upto 500( including their family member) .
This tank is designed for RAJKIYA ENGINEERING COLLEGE for various purpose
like for drinking, in bathroom, in mesh for cooking, washing of clothes washing for utensils,
washing and cleaning of hostel, mess, academic, lawn of watering and gardening, flushing of
water closets etc
OBJECTIVE
The objective of present work is to study the design and estimation of intze tank and to know
about the philosophy for the safe and economical design of water tank under the guidelines
for the design of liquid retaining Structure as per IS code.

SCOPE FOR THE PRESENT WORK
In India elevated tanks are widely used and these tanks have various types of supports.
 In design of an Intze tanks for varying seismic, wind zone and the results.
 Seismic effect considered in the software are based on IS codes. Due to the recent
occurrence of various earthquake zone, detailed analysis of such soil may be required
for safe design of such tanks.
 In this study R.C.C. structure have been considered. The study can be extended to steel
structures.
 The seismic forces remain constant in a particular Zone provided the soil properties
remain same.
NEED AND JUSTIFICATION
 For regular supply of water to domestic, industrial and commercial we need to make a
storage tank.
 Cracks and leakages are major problem induced in tanks, to overcome this problem we
need to design a well stable and efficient water tank.
 Everytime we face the problem of low pressure at water tap to maintain the pressure
for efficient supply we need to design elevated tank.
 Some elevated tank like circular water tank fail due to heavy reinforcement at bottom
to overcome this we need to design intze tank.
 The main advantage of such tank are that the outward thrust from the top of conical part
resist by ring beam.
WATER DEMAND FOR VARIOUS PURPOSE (IS code 1172:1993)
Types of consumption Normal Range
(lit/capita/day)
Average %
1 Domestic Consumption 135-200 160 35
2 Industrial and
Commercial Demand
40-450 135 30
3 Public including Fire
Demand Uses
20-90 45 10
4 Losses and Waste 45-150 62 25

Water demand for various purpose in RAJKIYA ENGINEERING
COLLEGE, AZAMGARH
Types of consumption Normal Range
(lit/capita/day)
Average %
1 Offices 45-90 65 16.3
2 Laboratories
With bathroom
Without bathroom
45-90
30-60
60
45
15.11
11.3
3 Scholars
Day scholar
Hosteller
45-90
135-225
60
165
15.11
41.6
4 Canteen 2-3 2 .5

LITERATURE REVIEW
Pavan S. Ekbote and Dr. Jagadish G. Kori (2013), Elevated water tanks were profoundly
smashed or collapsed during earthquake. This was might be owing to the lack of familiarity
regarding the performance of supporting system of the water tanks against dynamic action and
also due to improper geometrical selection of staging patterns of tank. Due to the fluid structure
interactions, the seismic behaviour of elevated water tanks has the characteristics of intricate
phenomena. The main aim of this study is to understand the behaviour of supporting system
(or staging) which is more effective under different response spectrum method with SAP 2000
software. In this paper, different supporting systems such as cross and radial bracing were
studied.
R.V.R.K.Prasad and Akshaya B. Kamdi (2012), Storage elevated water tanks are used to store
water. BIS has brought out the revised version of IS 3370 (part-1&2) after a long time from its
1965 version in year 2009. This revised code is mainly drafted for the liquid storage tank. In
this revision important is that limit state method is incorporated in the water tank design. This
paper gives in brief, the theory behind the design of circular water tank using WSM and LSM.
Design of water tanks by LSM is most economical as the quantity of material required is less
as compared to WSM. Water tank is the most important container to store water therefore,
Crack width calculation of water tank is also necessary.
Asari Falguni & Prof. M.G.Vanza (2012) has thrown light on the results of an analytical
investigation of the seismic response of elevated water tanks using friction damper. In this
paper, the behaviour of RCC elevated water tank is studied with using friction damper (FD).
For FD system, the main step is to determine the slip load.
Ayazhussain M. Jabar and H. S. Patel (2012), has investigated to be aware of the deeds of
supporting system which is more effective under different earthquake time history is carried
out with SAP 2000software. As known from very upsetting experiences, elevated water tanks
were heavily damaged or collapsed during earthquake. This was might be due to the lack of
knowledge regarding the proper behaviour of supporting system of the tank again dynamic
effect and also due to improper geometrical selection of staging Patterns.
Hasan Jasim Mohammed (2011), studied application of optimization method to the structural
design of concrete rectangular and circular water tanks, considering the total cost of the tank

as an objective function with the properties of the tank that are tank capacity, width and length
of tank in rectangular, water depth in circular, unit weight of water and tank floor slab
thickness, as design variables.
IITK-GSDMA (2007), for seismic design of water tanks, IS 1893:1984 has very limited
provisions. These provisions are only for elevated water tanks and tanks resting on ground are
not considered. Even for elevated water tanks, effect of sloshing effect of vibration are not
included in IS 1893:1984. Moreover, compared with the present international practice for
seismic design of water tanks, there are many limitations in the provisions of IS 1893:1984.
Thus, one finds that at present in India there is no proper Standard for seismic design of water
tanks. In view of non-availability of a Proper Standard on seismic design of water tanks, present
Guidelines is prepared to help designers for seismic design of water tanks. This Guidelines is
written in a format very similar to that of IS code and in future, BIS may as well consider
adopting it as IS 1893 (Part 2).
O. R. Jaiswal et al, (2006), In this research paper, provisions of ten seismic codes on water
tanks are reviewed and compared. This review has revealed that there are significant
differences among these codes on designing of seismic forces for various types of water tanks.
Reasons for these differences are critically examined and the need for a unified approach for
seismic design of liquid storage tanks is highlighted.
Durgesh C. Rai and Bhumika Singh (2004), studied Reinforced concrete pedestal (circular,
hollow shaft type supports) are popular choice for elevated tanks for the ease of Construction
and the more solid form it provides compared to framed construction. In the recent past Indian
earthquakes, Gujarat (2001) and Jabalpur (1997), thin shells (150 to 200 mm) of concrete
pedestals have performed unsatisfactorily when great many developed circumferential tension
flexural cracks in the pedestal near the base and a few collapsed.
Durgesh C Rai (2003), describes about the performance of elevated tanks in Bhuj earthquake
of January 26th 2001. The current designs of supporting structures of elevated water tanks are
extremely vulnerable under lateral forces due to an earthquake and the Bhuj earthquake
provided another illustration when a great many water tank staging's suffered damage and a
few collapsed.

MATERIALS AND METHOD USED
We know that water is essential for every living thing and ground source of water are not easily
available so water is stored in various type tank so for designing of tank required better
serviceability.
Dynamic analysis of liquid containing tank is a complex problem involving fluid-structure
interaction. Based on numerous analytical, numerical and experimental studies simple spring
mass models of tank-liquid system have been developed to evaluate hydrodynamic forces.
Concrete mix weaker than M-20 is not used because of higher grade lesser porosity of
concrete.
 Minimum quantity of cement in concrete shall be not less than 30 KN/m3
.
 Use of small size bars.
 Coefficient of expansion due to temperature=11×10-6
/˚C
 Coefficient of shrinkage may be taken = 450 × 10-6
for initial and 200 × 10-6
for drying
shrinkage.
 Minimum cover to all reinforcement should be 20 mm or the diameter of main bar
whichever is greater.
 An overhead liquid retaining structure is design using WORKING STRESS METHOD
avoiding the cracking in the tank and to prevent the leakage and the component of tank
can be design using LIMIT STATE METHOD (example:-column ,foundation ,bracing
,stairs etc.).
 Code using IS: 3370-PART 2-2009
 IS: 456:2000
 The leakage is more with higher liquid head and it has been observed that water head
up to 15m does not cause leakage problem.
 In order to minimize cracking due to shrinkage and temperature, minimum
reinforcement is recommended as-

 For thickness ≤ 100 mm = 0.3%
 For thickness ≥ 450 mm = 0.2%
 For thickness between 100 mm to 450 mm = varies linearly from 0.3% to 0.2%
 For concrete thickness ≥ 225 mm, two layer of reinforcement be placed one near water
face and other away from water face.
SOFTWARE USED
AUTO CAD: AutoCAD is a commercial computer-aided design (CAD) and drafting software
application. Developed and marketed by Autodesk, AutoCAD was first released in December
1982 as a desktop app running on microcomputers with internal graphics controllers. Prior to
the introduction of AutoCAD, most commercial CAD programs ran on mainframe
computers or minicomputers, with each CAD operator (user) working at a separate graphics
terminal.Since 2010, AutoCAD was released as a mobile- and web app as well, marketed as
AutoCAD 360.

REFERENCES
 IS code 1172:1993 for various water demand.
 IS code 456:2000 for Concrete.
 IS code 800:2007 for steel.
 IS 872 part i and part ii.
 IS 3373 (part iv-1967).
 Journal of engineering, computers & applied sciences (jec&as) issn no: 2319-5606
volume 2, no.8, august 2013
 Prof.R.V.R.K.Prasad, Akshaya B.Kamdi / international journal of engineering research
and applications (ijera) issn: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com vol. 2, issue 5, september-
october 2012, pp.664-666
 International journal of advanced engineering research and studies e-issn2249–8974
ijaers/vol. i/ issue iii/april-june, 2012/325-328
 Hasan Jasim mohammed.”Economical design of water concrete tanks”,europian
journal publication,vol.49 No.4(2011) pp510-520
 IITK-GSDMA guidelines for seismic design of liquid storage tanks provisions with
commentary and explanatory examples.
 Rai, D. C. (2005), IITK-GSDMA Guidelines on Structural Use of Reinforced Masonry,
Provisions with Commentary and Explanatory Examples, IIT Kanpur and Gujarat State
Disaster Mitigation Authority, Gandhinagar, Available at www.nicee.org/IITK-
GSDMA_Codes.php, Final Draft, 69 p.

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