Sysc 5302 101079892

Integration of large number of
electric vehicle (charging) connected
to grid using IOT devices.
MANISHKUMAR RAJESH MOORJMALANI
101079892
RENEWABLE AND DISTRIBUTED ENERGY RESOURCE TECHNOLOGIES
(ELEC 5302 - 2018 WINTER TERM)
INSTRUCTOR: XIAOYU WANG

CONTENTS :-
 Abstract.
 Literature review.
 Proposed model.
 Principle and working.
 Pros. And Cons.
 MATLAB Simulink.
 Conclusions.

ABSTRACT :-
 Smart interactions among the smart grid, consumers and EVs can bring various benefits to
all parties involved, e.g., improved reliability and safety for the smart gird, increased profits
for the consumers, as well as enhanced self benefit for EV customers. Battery storage
systems can be embedded in a grid simulation to evaluate their potential for grid balancing.
A power balancing method of distributed generation (DG) and electric vehicle charging is
presented for minimizing operation costs of distribution systems with uncertainties, which
includes the uncertainties in output power of DG and the randomness of charging power of
electric vehicles (EV). Imbalance occurs due to variation in load through out the day and
change in generation power of DG system throughout the day. And also changes according
to weather in case of solar and wind.
 As result of it grid losses energy and some time grid have to pay to storage stations and
flywheel stations to take away energy. To prevent such condition mainly dc storage unit, fly
wheels, reverse flow of water in hydro power station is used. Fly wheel and dc storage are
limited small energy storage and takes while to use back and also cannot be kept for long
time. While reverse flow of water in hydro power station is also limited to storage capacity
of water in damn and also availability of water at lower level. Thus, using IOT based smart
grid connections between EVs and dc storages can provide adequate results.

GENERAL BRIEFING
 A Bloomberg New Energy Finance report
suggests that that the sale of electric vehicles
will hit 41 million by 2040, representing 35%
of new light duty vehicle sales. This would be
almost 90 times the equivalent figure for 2015.
The electric vehicle sales for 2015 were up
approximately 60% on 2014 at an are
estimated 462,000. The report also highlights
that by the year 2022, electric vehicles will cost
the same as their gasoline-driven equivalents,
the point from where, sale of EVs will takeoff.

LITERATURE REVIEWS.
 Currently people are working on using electric vehicle charging systems as load balancer in
grid which is one of efficient way but due to uneven frequency of connection of EVs to grid
reduces its effectiveness.
 Emad H. El-Zohri, Electricity Department, Faculty of Industrial Education, Sohag University,
Sohag, Egypt & Khairy Sayed, Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering,
Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt (Control of EV charging station based on three-phase three-
level AC/DC rectifier).
 In this IEEE paper they have discussed about improvement of Grid to EVs connection using
threelevel three phase conversion and DC-DC conversion for thre level of battery fast
charging.

EXTENDED UTILIZATION OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES
IN ELECTRICAL GRID SERVICES
Abstract:
Massive deployment of electric vehicles (EVs) can cause high charging electricity demand
significantly, resulting in high grid stress due to limited balancing capability of the power
system. In contrast, controllable charging and discharging of EVs leads to the possibility of
coordinated charging and, further, the potential of providing several grid services. These
services include frequency regulation, congestion mitigation, load shifting/load leveling, peak
shaving — valley filling, voltage control, and energy storage. The distributed EVs are potentially
aggregated as a large-scale battery that can be controlled in which their charging and
discharging behaviors are managed by the aggregator. However, several challenging factors
such as EVs availability, EV usage pattern, charging infrastructures, and market/business cases
are required to be defined clearly and solved. Thus, sustainable grid services by EVs can be
achieved. To tackle those issues, a demonstrated project on the utilization of EVs in supporting
electrical grid or energy management system has been conducted.

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE AD-
HOC NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES FOR CHARGING
MANAGEMENT
Abstract:
 Advancements in the development and implementation of wireless sensor networks are the main
motivation for the development of future infrastructure for the Internet of Things (IoT). When
fitted with wireless sensors and communication devices, e.g. On-Board Units (OBUs), Electric
Vehicles (EVs) can establish links with their surroundings, further expanding connectivity among
different objects within the same location. In this regard, EVs could communicate with Roadside
Units (RSUs) in Intelligent Transport Systems (ITSs) and Smartgrid. Some of the challenges that
limit the extension of Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) are the End-to-End (ETE) communication
delay, the doppler effect and the interference. This paper simulates and compares selected
performance of the communications between the EVs and the RSUs for several wireless
communication systems such as ZigBee, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
(WiMAX) and Wi-Fi. Using the Riverbed Modeler, simulations are performed and the results of the
performance of the different wireless communication technologies in terms of ETE delay and the
doppler effect on the technologies are discussed.

Battery Specs
 Type Laminated lithium-ion battery
 Voltage 403.2V [1]
 Nominal voltage 360V [2]
 Total capacity 24 kWh [2] (16 kWh available, 67% DoD [3], 21 kWh declared [4])
 Power output Over 90 kW
 Energy density 140 Wh/kg [5]
 Power density 2.5 kW/kg [5]
 Charging times:
Quick charger DC50kW (0 to 80%): approx. 30 min (Level 3 charging)
Home-use AC240V charging dock (0-100%): 8 hrs (Level 2 charging) [8]
Regular 110/120V 15-amp outlet: 22 hours (Level 1 charging) [9]
Time-of-Use Pricing for Winter Period (November 1 to April 30)
Weekdays (Monday to Friday)
 Off-Peak (7 pm to 7 am) Weekdays, all day weekends and holidays) $0.065/kWh
 Mid-Peak (11 am to 5 pm) Weekdays $0.095/kWh
 On-Peak (7 am to 11 am and 5 pm to 7pm) Weekdays $0.132/kWh
Total charges for charging an avg. EV for 100% battery is $2.574 as off-peak time.
While this could be reduced or can be delivered free if electric vehicle is connected to the grid with load adjusting IOT device.

MAJOR ISSUE OF CONNECTING EVS ON
POWER GRID.
 Electric Vehicle ‘Clustering Effect’ Could Cause Problems for the Power Grid.
 Matteo Muratori, a transportation and energy systems engineer at NREL and author of the new
Nature Energy paper, “Impact of Uncoordinated Plug-in Electric Vehicle Charging on
Residential Power Demand,” looked at the impact PEV charging might have on a residential
distribution transformer.
 Muratori’s research also looked at whether households used less-powerful Level 1 charging or
more-powerful—and therefore faster—Level 2 charging. NREL said that Muratori found that as
more PEVs are added to a neighborhood, and a higher charging power is adopted, “the
distribution infrastructure might no longer reliably support the local electricity demand.” He
also noted that higher demand could shorten the expected life of a transformer.
 According to U.S. Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL),
earlier studies on how PEVs might affect the grid assumed utilities would have some control
over when charging occurs, (a.k.a., coordinated charging), which will greatly facilitate PEV
integration.

PROPOSED MODEL.
 Using Advancement in industry of IOT (Internet of Things) devices we can monitor and control
charging of Electrical vehicles on large scale. Which could help grid to improve generation
stability by providing load balancing.
 IOT devices provides data on cloud such as battery level of every EVs in regions and their
regular charging station. Further this could help in forecasting capacitive load on grid.
 Grid management will be able to decide weather which instance charging of which EVs should
be started. Because like other batteries EVs have tendency of charging in way that first 75%
gets charge at very shot period of time when rest 25% takes more time than that entire 75%
but at lower current.
 Thus, coordination in EVs can prevent current requirement at instance of time.
 Major implementation in this project is allocating of large DC storage units with dc-dc
conversions to provide initial inrush power for large scale of EVs. This storage units are also
mandatory to be connected with

PRINCIPLE AND WORKING.
 Smart grid connection with DC storage units and EVs will be working on principle of bi-
directional AC/DC conversions. For reducing harmonics and equipment stress three or multi
level AC/DC converter should be used.
 For charging vehicle from grid from grid will used same AC/DC converter but charging from dc
storage unit can be done by DC/DC pwm conversion.
 DC Storage units should be scheduled to charge when load demand on grid is less then
generation. This will provide generation stability to grid
 DC storage units also can works as reactive power absorber by behaving as capacitive load.
 Grid control unit have online energy meter and it can monitor and control amount of energy is
used for electric vehicle to charge. Thus, that electricity could be provided as lowest price or
even free if EVs are charged on time when load balancing was required.

Pros. And Cons.
Pros.
 This system will provide
coordinated load balancing.
 Reduces EVs running cost for
consumers. Which will promote
use if EVs.
 Compensate future demand of
electric power in available
resources
 Will provide fast charging
without disturbing Grid.
 Will eliminate cluster effects of
heavy load of EVs
Cons.
 Required big DC storage which will
increases initial cost and
maintenance cost.
 Wireless connections are needed to
connects All EVs to grid.
 Limited to situations when power
Generation is more then Load.

CONCLUSIONS.
 Thus coordinated Electric vehicle charging can provide solution of recent
problem of load balancing and also it is very important to provide
coordinated power supply to future demands of electric vehicle.

Sysc 5302 101079892

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Similar to Sysc 5302 101079892 (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

Sysc 5302 101079892