Tc1 Lesson 4 what is this
- 1. 1 Lesson 4 What is this? 这是什么？ Lesson Objectives: • Ask what something is • Say what something is • Talk about someone’s possessions A. Dialogue: Lin Jun: 大山，那是谁的书？ dàshān, nà shì shéi de shū? Li Dashan: 那是我的英文书。 nà shì wǒde yīngwén shū? Lin Jun: 这本呢？这是什么书？ zhè běn ne? zhè shì shénme shū? Li Dashan: 这本是我的工程课本。 zhè běn shì wǒde gōngchéng kèběn. Lin Jun: 你有很多功课吗？ nǐ yǒu hěn duō gōngkè ma? Li Dashan: 我的英文课不难，可是功课很多。 wǒde yīngwén kè bù nán, kěshì gōngkè hěn duō. 我的工程课很难，可是功课不多。你呢？ wǒde gōngchéng kè hěn nán, kěshì gōngkè bù duō. nǐ ne? Lin Jun: 我学中文，我们的中文功课不少。 wǒ xué zhóngwén, wǒmen de zhōngwén gōngkè bù shǎo. Li Dashan: 那是什么？那是你的功课吗? duì le, nà shì shénme? nà shì nǐde gōngkè ma? Lin Jun: 那是我的中文功课。 duì! nà shì wǒde zhōngwén gōngkè.
- 2. 2 B. English translation of the dialogue Lin Jun: Dashan, whose book is that? Li Dashan: That is my English book. Lin Jun: How about this one? What kind of book is this? Li Dashan: This book is my Engineer book. Lin Jun: Do you have lots of homework? Li Dashan: My English class is not difficult, but has lots of homework. My engineering class is difficult, but doesn’t has lots of homework. How about you? Lin Jun: I am learning Chinese. Our Chinese homework is a lot. Li Dashan: What is that? Is that your homework? Lin Jun: That is my Chinese homework. C. Reading Practice 你好，我叫林君，我是一个大学生，我学中文，我们的中文课有三十 个学生，我们的中文老师很好，我们的中文功课很多。李大山是我的 同学， 他学工程和英文，他的工程课很难，可是功课不多。他的英文 课不难，可是功课很多。 nǐ hǎo, wǒ jiào Lín jūn, wǒ shì yíge dà xuéshēng, wǒ xué zhōngwén, wǒmen de zhōngwén kè yǒu sānshí ge xuéshēng, wǒmen de zhōngwén lǎoshī hěn hǎo, wǒmen de zhóngwén gōngkè hěn duō. Lǐ dàshān shì wǒde tóngxué, tā xué gōngchéng hé yīngwén, tāde gōngchéng kè hěn nán, kěshì gōngkè bù duō. tāde yīngwén kè bù nán, kěshì gōngkè hěn duō.
- 3. 3 D. Vocabulary Simplified Character Traditional Character Pinyin English meaning 1 那 那 nà Pron. That 2. 这 這 zhè Pron. this 3. 本 本 běn M.W. measure word for books 4. 书 書 shū N. book 5. 有 有 yǒu V. to have 6. 工程 工程 gōngchéng N. engineering 7. 功课 功課 gōngkè N. Homework 8. 课本 课 課本 課 Kèběn kè N. textbook 9. 多 多 duō Adj. many, much, a lot 10.少 少 shǎo Adj. few, little 11. 难 難 nán Adj. Difficult, hard 12. 可是 可是 kěshì Conj. But 13. 们 我们 你们 他们 們 我們 你們 他們 Men wǒmen Nǐmen tāmen Pron. (used to show plural number of a pronoun) we you (plural) they 14. 很 很 hěn Adv. Very E. Supplementary Vocabulary Simplified Character Traditional Character Pinyin English meaning 1 李大山 李大山 lǐ dà shān N. A Chinese Name, Dashan Li 2 大 大 dà Adj. big 3 山 山 shān N. mountain
- 4. 4 F. Grammar 1. 这 and 那 The two most commonly used demonstrative pronouns in Chinese are 这 and 那. 这是什么? zhè shì shénme? What is this 这是一本书。 zhè shì yì běn shū. This is a book. 这是什么书？ zhè shì shénme shū? What kind of book is this? 这是中文书。 zhè shì zhōngwén shū. This is a Chinese book. 这是谁的书？ zhè shì shéide shū? Whose book is this? 这是老师的书。 zhè shì lǎoshī de shū. This is teacher’s book. 那是什么？ nà shì shénme? What is that? 那是一本书。 nà shì yìběn shū. That is a book 那是什么书？ nà shì shénme shū? What kind of book is that? 那是工程书。 nà shì gōngchéng shū. That is a engineering book. 那是谁的书？ nà shì shéide shū? Whose book is that? 那是我的书。 nà shì wǒde shū. That is my book. 2. Measure word 本 is a measure word (MW) for books. When counting or saying how many of something there are, measure words must be used in between the number and the noun. 本 (MW) is used for books, and 个 (MW) is used for people, or three dimensional objects. Numeral + Measure word (MW) + Noun 本 MW for books 个 MW for people 一本书 yì běn shū One book 两本中文书 liǎng běn zhōngwén shū Two books 三个学生 sān ge xuéshēng Three students 八个同学 bā ge tóngxué Eight classmates
- 5. 5 When using demonstrative pronouns (这 and 那) with a noun, measure words must also be used in between the pronouns (这 and 那) and the noun. 这 / 那 + Measure word (MW) + Noun 这本书 zhè běn shū This book 这本书是什么书？ zhè běn shū shì shénme shū? What kind of book is this book? 这本书是工程书。 zhè běn shū shì gōngchéng shū. This book is an engineering book. 这本书不是我的。 zhè běn shū bú shì wǒde. This book is not mine. 那本书 nà běn shū That book 那本书是什么书？ nà běn shū shì shénme shū? What kind of book is that book? 那本书是工程书。 nà běn shū shì gōngchéng shū. That book is an engineering book. 那本书不是中文书。 nà běn shū bú shì zhōngwén shū. That book is not a Chinese book. 3. 有 to have 有 means to have. To ask someone “Do you have ? ”, Chinese use: a. 你有 吗？ nǐ yǒu ma? b. 你有没有 ? nǐ yǒu méi yǒu ? 你有中文书吗？ nǐ yǒu zhōngwén shū ma? Do you have Chinese book? 你有功课吗？ nǐ yǒu gōngkè ma? Do you have homework? 你有很多功课吗？ nǐ yǒu hěnduō gōngkè ma? Do you have lots of homework? 你有没有中文书？ nǐ yǒu méiyǒu zhōngwén shū? Do you have Chinese book? 你有没有功课？ nǐ yǒu méiyǒu gōngkè? Do you have homework? 你有没有很多功课？ nǐ yǒu méiyǒu hěnduō gōngkè? Do you have lots of homework?
- 6. 6 4. Subject + 很 very + Adjective 很 means very. In Chinese sentence, a verb is not used in a “Subject + hen + Adjective” sentence. 很 hen sometimes replaces a verb in the sentence, but the meaning of “very” is not emphasized. Subject + Bu (not) + Adjective In the negative form of the Subject + Hen + Adjective sentence. Hen (very) is replaced by Bu (not). Subject + 很 very + Adjective Subject + Bu (not) + Adjective 我很好。 wǒ hěn hǎo I am fine. 我的功课很多。 wǒde gōngkè hěnduō. My homework is a lot. 英文书很贵。 yīngwén shū hěn guì. English book is expensive. 我不好。 wǒ bù hǎo. I am not good. 我的功课不多。 wǒde gōngkè bù duō. My homework not much. 英文书不贵。 yīngwén shū bú guì. English books are not expensive. 5. 们 (我们， 你们，他们) 们 is a plural marker for pronouns. However, Chinese nouns or pronouns do not have a plural form as English nouns. Adding “们“ to a noun or pronoun is to give a feeling that there are more than one person, such as 老师们，同学们，学生们。 But “们” should not be added to nouns that are non-human. For example, 我学中文，我的中文课有三十个学生。我们的老师很好，同学们也很好。 wǒ xué zhōngwén, wǒde zhōngwén kè yǒu sānshí ge xuéshēng. wǒmen de lǎoshī hěn h ǎo, tóngxué men yě hěnhǎo.