![TECHNICAL DATA
SURFACE ROUGHNESS
SURFACE ROUGHNESS (From JIS B 0601-1994)
Type Code Determination Determination Example (Figure)
Ra means the value obtained by the following formula and Y
Mean Roughness
expressed in micrometer (!m) when sampling only the m
Arithmetical
reference length from the roughness curve in the direction of
the mean line, taking X-axis in the direction of mean line and
Ra Y-axis in the direction of longitudinal magnification of this Ra X
sampled part and the roughness curve is expressed by y=f(x):
Rz shall be that only when the reference length is sampled from
the roughness curve in the direction of the mean line, the
Maximum Height
distance between the top profile peak line and the bottom m
profile valley line on this sampled portion is measured in the
longitudinal magnification direction of roughness curve and
Rz the obtained value is expressed in micrometer (!m).
(Note) When finding Rz, a portion without an exceptionally
high peak or low valley, which may be regarded as a
flaw, is selected as the sampling length.
RZJIS shall be that only when the reference length is sampled
from the roughness curve in the direction of its mean line, the
Ten-Point Mean Roughness
sum of the average value of absolute values of the heights of m
five highest profile peaks (Yp) and the depths of five deepest
profile valleys (Yv) measured in the vertical magnification
Yp3
Yp4
Yp1
Yp5
Yp2
direction from the mean line of this sampled portion and this
sum is expressed in micrometer (!m).
Yv2
Yv3
Yv1
Yv5
Yv4
RZJIS
Yp1,Yp2,Yp3,Yp4,Yp5 : altitudes of the five highest profile peaks
of the sampled portion corresponding to
the reference length l.
Yv1,Yv2,Yv3,Yv4,Yv5 : altitudes of the five deepest profile
valleys of the sampled portion
corresponding to the reference length l.
y RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ARITHMETICAL MEAN (Ra) AND CONVENTIONAL DESIGNATION (REFERENCE DATA)
Arithmetical Mean Roughness Max. Height Ten-Point Mean Roughness
Sampling Length for
Ra Rz RZJIS Conventional
Rz • RZJIS
Cutoff Value Finish Mark
Standard Series Standard Series l (mm)
"c (mm)
0.012a 0.08 0.05s 0.05z
0.08
0.025a 0.1 s 0.1 z
0.25 ]]]]
0.05 a 0.2 s 0.2 z
0.25
0.1 a 0.4 s 0.4 z
0.2 a 0.8 s 0.8 z
0.4 a 0.8 1.6 s 1.6 z
0.8 ]]]
0.8 a 3.2 s 3.2 z
1.6 a 6.3 s 6.3 z
TECHNICAL DATA
3.2 a 12.5 s 12.5 z
2.5
]]
6.3 a 25 s 25 z 2.5
12.5 a 50 s 50 z ]
25 a 8 100 s 100 z
8
50 a 200 s 200 z
─
100 a ─ 400 s 400 z ─
*The The evaluation length of Rz and R is the cutoff value and sampling length multiplied by 5, respectively.
correlation among the three is shown for convenience and is not exact.
*Ra: ZJIS
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TECHNICAL DATA
- 1. TECHNICAL DATA TROUBLE SHOOTING FOR TURNING ...........................................................Q002 CHIP CONTROL FOR TURNING .....................................................................Q004 EFFECTS OF CUTTING CONDITIONS FOR TURNING..................................Q005 FUNCTION OF TOOL FEATURES FOR TURNING .........................................Q007 FORMULAE FOR CUTTING POWER .............................................................. Q011 TROUBLE SHOOTING FOR FACE MILLING ..................................................Q012 FUNCTION OF TOOL FEATURES FOR FACE MILLING ................................Q013 FORMULAE FOR FACE MILLING ...................................................................Q016 TROUBLE SHOOTING FOR END MILLING ....................................................Q018 END MILL TERMINOLOGY ..............................................................................Q019 TYPES AND SHAPES OF END MILLS ............................................................Q020 PITCH SELECTION OF PICK FEED ................................................................Q021 TROUBLE SHOOTING FOR DRILLING ..........................................................Q022 DRILL WEAR AND CUTTING EDGE DAMAGE ..............................................Q023 DRILL TERMINOLOGY AND CUTTING CHARACTERISTICS .......................Q024 FORMULAE FOR DRILLING............................................................................Q027 METALLIC MATERIALS CROSS REFERENCE LIST .....................................Q028 DIE STEELS......................................................................................................Q032 SURFACE ROUGHNESS .................................................................................Q034 HARDNESS COMPARISON TABLE ................................................................Q035 JIS FIT TOLERANCE HOLE ............................................................................Q036 JIS FIT TOLERANCE SHAFT ..........................................................................Q038 DRILL DIAMETERS FOR PREPARED HOLES ...............................................Q040 HEXAGON SOCKET HEAD BOLT HOLE SIZE...............................................Q041 TAPER STANDARD ..........................................................................................Q042 INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS ............................................................Q043 TOOL WEAR AND DAMAGE ...........................................................................Q044 CUTTING TOOL MATERIALS ..........................................................................Q045 GRADE CHAIN .................................................................................................Q046 GRADES COMPARISON TABLE .....................................................................Q047 INSERT CHIP BREAKER COMPARISON TABLE ...........................................Q053 Q001
- 2. TECHNICAL DATA TROUBLE SHOOTING FOR TURNING Insert Grade Cutting Style and Design Machine, Selection Conditions of the Tool Installation of Tool Solution Honing strengthens Decrease power and machine Increase clamping rigidity of Improve tool holder rigidity the cutting edge Coolant Cutting speed Decrease holder overhang Corner radius Select a grade with better Select a grade with better thermal shock resistance Depth of cut Lead angle the tool and workpiece Select a tougher grade Select a harder grade adhesion resistance soluble cutting fluid Select chip breaker Do not use water- Rake Feed Determine dry or Class of insert wet cutting Up Up backlash Trouble Factors Down Down Improper a tool grade Insert wear quickly Improper cutting a a a a a generated edge geometry Improper a a a cutting speed Deterioration of Tool Life Wet Improper a tool grade Improper a a cutting conditions Lack of cutting a a a Chipping or edge strength. fracturing of cutting edge Thermal crack a a a a a a occurs Dry Build-up edge a a a a a occurs Wet Lack of rigidity a a a a Poor insert a Dimensions accuracy Out of Tolerance are not constant Large cutting resistance a a a a a a a a a and cutting edge flank Improper Necessary to a tool grade adjust often because of over-size Improper a a cutting conditions TECHNICAL DATA Deterioration of Welding occurs a a a Surface Finish Wet Poor finished Improper cutting a a surface edge geometry Chattering a a a a a a a Improper Generation Workpiece over a a a cutting conditions of Heat heating can cause poor accuracy and Improper cutting short life of insert a a a edge geometry Q002
- 3. Insert Grade Cutting Style and Design Machine, Selection Conditions of the Tool Installation of Tool Solution Honing strengthens Decrease power and machine Increase clamping rigidity of Improve tool holder rigidity the cutting edge Coolant Cutting speed Decrease holder overhang Corner radius Select a grade with better Select a grade with better thermal shock resistance Depth of cut Lead angle the tool and workpiece Select a tougher grade Select a harder grade adhesion resistance soluble cutting fluid Select chip breaker Do not use water- Rake Feed Determine dry or Class of insert wet cutting Up Up backlash Trouble Factors Down Down Notch wear a Burrs improper a a a (steel, aluminium) cutting conditions Wet Improper cutting a a a a a edge geometry improper Burrs, Chipping etc. a a cutting conditions Workpiece chipping Improper cutting a a a a a (cast iron) edge geometry Vibration occurs a a a a Improper a tool grade Improper a a a cutting conditions Wet Burrs (mild steel) Improper cutting a a a edge geometry Vibration occurs a a a a improper a a a a cutting conditions Wet Large chip long chips a control range Poor Chip Dispersal Improper cutting a a edge geometry improper TECHNICAL DATA a a a cutting conditions Dry Chips are short Small chip a and scattered control range Improper cutting a a edge geometry Q003
- 4. TECHNICAL DATA CHIP CONTROL FOR TURNING y CHIP BREAKING CONDITIONS IN STEEL TURNING Type A Type B Type C Type D Type E Type Small Depth of Cut d<7mm Small Depth of Cut d=7 ─ 15mm l < 50mm Less Than 1 Curl Length l Curless l > 50mm 1 ─ 5 Curl i 1 Curl Curl Half a Curl aIrregular con- aRegular con- aChip scattering tinuous shape tinuous shape aChattering Note aTangles around aLong chips Good Good aPoor finished tool and work- surface piece aMaximum a Cutting speed and chip control range of chip breaker In general, when cutting speed increases, the chip control range tends to become narrower. 0.6 0.6 0.6 vc=50m/min vc=100m/min vc=150m/min 0.5 E 0.5 E 0.5 E Feed (mm/rev) Feed (mm/rev) Feed (mm/rev) 0.4 0.4 0.4 B B D B D 0.3 D 0.3 0.3 C 0.2 0.2 C 0.2 C 0.1 0.1 0.1 A A A 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 Depth of Cut (mm) Depth of Cut (mm) Depth of Cut (mm) Workpiece : S45C(180HB) Tool : MTJNR2525M16N Insert : TNMG160408 Dry Cutting Grade : P10Cemented Carbide a Effects of coolant on the chip control range of a chip breaker If the cutting speed is the same, the range of chip control differs according to whether coolant is used or not. 0.6 Coolant : Dry 0.6 Coolant : Wet (Emulsion) 0.5 E 0.5 E Feed (mm/rev) Feed (mm/rev) 0.4 0.4 TECHNICAL DATA B D B 0.3 0.3 D C C 0.2 0.2 A 0.1 0.1 A 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 Depth of Cut (mm) Depth of Cut (mm) Workpiece : S45C Cutting Conditions : vc=100m/min Q004
- 5. EFFECTS OF CUTTING CONDITIONS FOR TURNING y EFFECTS OF CUTTING CONDITIONS Ideal conditions for cutting are short cutting time, long tool life, and high cutting accuracy. In order to obtain these conditions, selection of efficient cutting conditions and tool, based on work material, hardness, shape and machine capability is necessary. y CUTTING SPEED Cutting speed effects tool life greatly. Increasing cutting speed increases cutting temperature and results in shortening tool life. Cutting speed varies depending on the type and hardness of the work material. Selecting a tool grade suitable for the cutting speed is necessary. 500 Workpiece : JIS S45C 180HB 400 UE6110 Tool Life Standard : VB = 0.3mm UE6105 Depth of Cut : 1.5mm AP25N Feed : 0.3mm/rev Cutting Speed (m/min) 300 UE6020 Holder : PCLNR2525M12 NX2525 Insert : CNMG120408 200 UE6035 Dry Cutting 150 NX3035 US735 UTi20T 100 80 60 10 20 30 40 60 100 Tool Life (min) P Class Grade Tool Life 500 Workpiece : JIS SUS304 200HB 400 Tool Life Standard : VB = 0.3mm Depth of Cut : 1.5mm Feed : 0.3mm/rev Cutting Speed (m/min) 300 Holder : PCLNR2525M12 US7020 Insert : CNMG120408-MA 200 Dry Cutting 150 US735 100 UTi20T 80 60 10 20 30 40 60 100 Tool Life (min) M Class Grade Tool Life UC5105 Workpiece : JIS FC300 180HB Tool Life Standard : VB = 0.3mm 400 Depth of Cut : 1.5mm UC5115 Feed : 0.3mm/rev Cutting Speed (m/min) 300 Holder : PCLNR2525M12 UE6110 Insert : CNMG120408 AP25N Dry Cutting 200 NX2525 HTi10 150 TECHNICAL DATA 100 UTi20T 80 60 10 20 30 40 60 100 Tool Life (min) K Class Grade Tool Life a Effects of Cutting Conditions 1. Increasing cutting speed by 20% decreases tool life by 1/2. Increasing cutting speed by 50% decreases tool life by 1/5. 2. Cutting at low cutting speed (20─ 40 m/min) tends to cause chattering. Thus, tool life is shortened. Q005
- 6. TECHNICAL DATA EFFECTS OF CUTTING CONDITIONS FOR TURNING y FEED When cutting with a general type holder, feed is the distance a holder moves per workpiece revolution. When milling, feed is the distance a machine table moves per cutter revolution divided by the number of inserts. Thus, it is indicated as feed per tooth. Feed rate relates to finished surface roughness. a Effects of Feed 0.4 1. Decreasing feed rate results in flank wear and shortens tool Flank Wear (mm) 0.3 life. 2. Increasing feed rate increases cutting temperature and 0.2 flank wear. However, effects on the tool life is minimal compared to cutting speed. 0.1 3. Increasing feed rate improves machining efficiency. 0 0.03 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.6 Feed (mm/rev) Cutting Conditions Workpiece : JIS SNCM431 Grade : STi10T Tool Shape : 0-0-5-5-35-35-0.3mm Depth of Cut ap=1.0mm Cutting Speed vc=200m/min Cutting Time Tc=10min Feed and Flank Wear Relationship in Steel Turning y DEPTH OF CUT Depth of cut is determined according to the required stock removal, shape of workpiece, power and rigidity of the machine and tool rigidity. a Effects of Depth of Cut 0.4 Flank Wear (mm) 1. Changing depth of cut doesn't effect tool life greatly. 0.3 2. Small depths of cut result in friction when cutting the 0.2 hardened layer of a workpiece. Thus tool life is shortened. 0.1 3. When cutting uncut surfaces or cast iron surfaces, the depth of cut needs to be increased as much as the machine 0 0.03 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 power allows in order to avoid cutting impure hard layers Depth of Cut (mm) with the tip of cutting edge to prevent chipping and Cutting Conditions Workpiece : JIS SNCM431 Grade : STi10T Tool Shape : 0-0-5-5-35-35-0.3mm abnormal wear. Feed f=0.20mm/rev Cutting Speed vc=200m/min Cutting Time Tc=10min Depth of Cut and Flank Wear Relationship in Steel Turning Depth of Cut Uncut Surface TECHNICAL DATA Roughing of the Surface Layer that Includes Uncut Surface Q006
- 7. FUNCTION OF TOOL FEATURES FOR TURNING y RAKE ANGLE Rake angle is a cutting edge angle that has a large effect on cutting resistance, chip disposal, cutting temperature and tool life. 200 Tool Life Standard Tool Life Standard : VB=0.4mm Cutting Speed VB=0.4mm Depth of Cut : 1mm Feed= 0.32mm/rev 140 (m/min) Positive Rake 100 120 Rak Angle 80 e An 100 Rak (+) e An gle 1 Cutting Resistance Tool Life (min) 1400 Vertical Force Positive Insert 50 Vertical Force gle 6 Rak 5° 1200 Depth of Cut : 2mm (N) e An Feed : 0.2mm/rev ° 30 Cutting Speed : 100m/min 1000 gle - 20 Rake Face Mean 10° 600 Temperature Depth of Cut : 2mm Temperature 500 Feed : 0.2mm/rev Cutting Cutting Speed : 100m/min (°C) 10 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 Negative Rake Rake Angle (°) Angle 6 50 100 200 Cutting Conditions (─) Cutting Speed (m/min) Workpiece : JIS SK5 Grade : STi10T Negative Tool Shape : 0-Var-5-5-20-20-0.5mm Insert Cutting Conditions Dry Cutting Grade : STi10 Depth of Cut : 1mm Feed : 0.32mm/rev Effects of Rake Angle on Workpiece : JIS SK5 Cutting Speed, Vertical Force, Chip Disposal and Rake Angle Rake Angle and Tool Life and Cutting Temperature a Effects of Rake Angle When to Increase Rake Angle When to Increase Rake Angle 1. Increasing rake angle in the positive (+) direction in the Negative ( ─ ) Direction in the Positive (+) Direction improves sharpness. uHard workpieces. uSoft workpieces. 2. Increasing rake angle by 1° in the positive (+) uWhen the cutting edge strength is uWorkpiece is easily machined. direction decreases cutting power by about 1%. required such as for uncut uWhen the workpiece or the 3. Increasing rake angle in the positive (+) direction surfaces and interrupted cutting. machine have poor rigidity. lowers cutting edge strength and in the negative (─ ) direction increases cutting resistance. y FLANK ANGLE Flank angle prevents friction between flank face and workpiece resulting in smooth feed. Rake Angle 6° 0.3 vc e 0.2 =2 tur Flank Wear (mm) 00 ac Wear Depth Wear Depth Fr $ vc=1 00 Flank Angle $ 0.1 Large Flank Wear Small Flank Wear vc= 50 0.05 3° 6° 8° 10° 12° 15° 20° TECHNICAL DATA (Same) (Same) Flank Angle ($) D.O.C D.O.C %° %° Cutting Conditions Small Flank Angle Large Flank Angle Workpiece : JIS SNCM431 (200HB) Grade : STi20 Tool Shape : 0 • 6 • $ • $ • 20 • 20 • 0.5 Flank angle creates a space between tool and workpiece. Depth of Cut : 1mm Feed : 0.32mm/rev Cutting Time : 20min Flank angle relates to flank wear. Flank Angle and Flank Wear Relationship a Effects of Rake Angle When to Decrease Flank Angle When to Increase Flank Angle 1.Increasing flank angle decreases flank wear uHard workpieces. uSoft workpieces. occurrence. uWhen cutting edge strength is uWorkpieces suffer from work 2.Increasing flank angle lowers cutting edge required. hardening easily. strength. Q007
- 8. TECHNICAL DATA FUNCTION OF TOOL FEATURES FOR TURNING y SIDE CUTTING EDGE ANGLE (LEAD ANGLE) The side cutting edge angle reduces impact load and affects the amount of feed force, back force and chip thickness. Workpiece : JIS SCM440 80 Grade : STi120 f= Same f= Same f= Same Depth of Cut : 3mm 60 5B Feed : 0.2mm/rev B 1.1 1.04 Dry Cutting 40 B 0.97 0.8 30 h h 7h B : Chip Width Tool Life (min) f : Feed 20 kr =0° kr=15° kr=30° h : Chip Thickness kr : Side Cutting Side Side Edge Angle Side Cutting Edge Angle and Chip Thickness Cutt Cuttin 10 ing E 8 g Ed a Effects of Side Cutting Edge Angle (Lead Angle) dge ge A 6 Ang 1. At the same feed rate, increasing the side cutting edge angle increases the chip contact 5 ngle le 15 length and decreases chip thickness. As a result, the cutting force is dispersed on a longer 4 0° cutting edge and tool life is prolonged. (Refer to the chart.) ° 3 2. Increasing the side cutting edge angle increases force a'. Thus, thin, long workpieces 100 150 200 300 suffer from bending in some cases. Cutting Speed (m/min) 3. Increasing the side cutting edge angle decreases chip control. 4. Increasing the side cutting edge angle decreases the chip thickness and increases chip Side Cutting Edge and Tool Life width. Thus, breaking chips is difficult. When to Decrease Lead Angle When to Increase Lead Angle A a' A uFinishing with small depth of cut. uHard workpieces which produce a uThin, long workpieces. high cutting temperature. uWhen the machine has poor uWhen roughing a workpiece with rigidity. large diameter. uWhen the machine has high Force A is divided Receive force A. rigidity. into a and a'. y END CUTTING EDGE ANGLE The end cutting edge angle avoids interference between the machined surface and the tool (end cutting edge). Usually 5° ─15°. a Effects of End Cutting Edge Angle End Cutting Edge Angle 1. Decreasing the end cutting edge angle increases cutting edge strength, but it also increases cutting edge temperature. 2. Decreasing the end cutting edge angle increases the back force and can result in chattering and vibration while machining. 3. Small end cutting edge angle for roughing and large angle for finishing are Back Relief Angle Side Flank Angle recommended. y CUTTING EDGE INCLINATION TECHNICAL DATA Cutting edge inclination indicates inclination of the rake face. During heavy cutting, the cutting edge receives an extremely large shock at the beginning of each cut. True Rake Angle Cutting edge inclination keeps the cutting edge from receiving this shock and (─) Cutting Edge prevents fracturing. 3° ─ 5° in turning and 10° ─ 15° in milling are recommended. End Cutting Edge Inclination Angle Main Cutting Edge a Effects of Cutting Edge Inclination Corner Radius Side Cutting 1. Negative ( ─ ) cutting edge inclination disposes chips in the workpiece Edge Angle direction, and positive (+) disposes chips in the opposite direction. 2. Negative ( ─ ) cutting edge inclination increases cutting edge strength, but it also increases the back force of cutting resistance. Thus, chattering can easily occur. Q008
- 9. y HONING AND LAND Honing Width Honing Width Land Width Honing Angle Honing and land are cutting edge shapes that maintain cutting edge strength. R Honing can be round or chamfer type. The optimal honing width is approximately 1/2 of the feed. Land is the narrow flat area on the rake or flank face. Round Honing Chamfer Honing Flat Land Principal Force (N) 5000 100 1700 VB KT Tool Life (Number of Impacts) R Honing R Honing 1600 C Honing C Honing 50 1500 Tool Life (min) 1000 1400 500 1400 20 Feed Force (N) 900 10 800 100 0 0.02 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5 700 5 Honing Size (mm) 0 0.02 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5 600 Workpiece : JIS SNCM439 (280HB) Honing Size (mm) 800 Grade : P10 Workpiece : JIS SNCM439 (220HB) R Honing Back Force (N) Cutting Conditions : vc=200m/min ap=1.5mm Grade : P10 700 C Honing f =0.335mm/rev Cutting Conditions : vc=160m/min ap=1.5mm f=0.45mm/rev 600 Honing Size and Tool Life Honing Size and Tool Life 500 Due to Fracturing Due to Wear 400 0 0.02 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5 Honing Size (mm) Workpiece : JIS SNCM439 (220HB) Grade : P10 Cutting Conditions : vc=100m/min ap=1.5mm f=0.425mm/rev Honing Size and Cutting Resistance a Effects of Honing 1. Enlarging the honing increases cutting edge strength, tool life and reduces fracturing. 2. Enlarging the honing increases flank wear occurrence and shortens tool life. Honing size doesn't affect rake wear. 3. Enlarging the honing increases cutting resistance and chattering. TECHNICAL DATA When to Decrease Honing Size When to Increase Honing Size uWhen finishing with small depth uHard workpieces. of cut and small feed. uWhen the cutting edge strength is uSoft workpieces. required such as for uncut uWhen the workpiece or the surfaces and interrupted cutting. machine have poor rigidity. uWhen the machine has high rigidity. * Cemented carbide, coated diamond, and indexable cermet inserts have round honing as standard. Q009
- 10. TECHNICAL DATA FUNCTION OF TOOL FEATURES FOR TURNING y RADIUS 40 Feed (mm/rev) Feed Radius effects the cutting edge strength and 0.075 Finished Surface (!) 0.106 finished surface. In general, a corner radius 2 ─ 30 0.150 3 times the feed is recommended. Depth Theoretical Finished 0.212 of Cut Surface Roughness 20 0.300 10 Feed 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 Corner Radius (mm) Depth Theoretical Finished Workpiece : JIS SNCM439 (200HB) of Cut Surface Roughness Grade : P20 Cutting Speed : vc=120m/min ap=0.5mm Corner Radius and Finished Surface Tool Life (Number of Impacts) Crater Wear Depth (mm) Flank Wear Width (mm) Flank Wear 0.4 0.08 Crater Wear 2000 (Crater Depth) 0.2 0.04 1000 Workpiece : JIS SNCM440 Workpiece : JIS SNCM439 (280HB) (200HB) Grade : P10 0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Grade : P10 Cutting Cutting Conditions : vc=100m/min Corner Radius (mm) 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Conditions : vc=140m/min ap=2mm ap=2mm Corner Radius (mm) f =0.335mm/rev f=0.212mm/rev Tc=10min Corner Radius Size and Tool Life Due to Fracturing Corner Radius Size and Tool Wear a Effects of Corner Radius When to Decrease Corner Radius When to Increase Corner Radius 1. Increasing the corner radius improves the uFinishing with small depth of cut. uWhen the cutting edge strength surface finish. uThin, long workpieces. is required such as in interrupted 2. Increasing the corner radius improves cutting uWhen the machine has poor cutting and uncut surface cutting. edge strength. 3. Increasing the corner radius too much increases rigidity. uWhen roughing a workpiece with the cutting resistance and causes chattering. large diameter. 4. Increasing the corner radius decreases flank and uWhen the machine has high rake wear. rigidity. 5. Increasing the corner radius too much results in poor chip control. a Corner Radius and Chip Control Range 0.6 1.8 0.2 E R1 0.5 15° D Feed (mm/rev) C 0.4 TECHNICAL DATA B Workpiece : JIS S45C (180HB) Insert : TNGG160404R 0.3 A TNGG160408R TNGG160412R : 0.4R(TNGG160404R) (STi10T) 0.2 : 0.8R(TNGG160408R) Holder : ETJNR33K16 (Side Cutting Edge angle 3°) : 1.2R(TNGG160412R) Cutting Speed : vc=100m/min 0.1 1 2 3 4 5 Dry Cutting Depth of Cut (mm) (Note) Please refer to page Q004 for chip shapes (A, B, C, D, E). Q010
- 11. FORMULAE FOR CUTTING POWER y CUTTING POWER (Pc) ap • f • vc • Kc Pc (kW) : Actual Cutting Power ap (mm) : Depth of Cut Pc = (kW) f (mm/rev) : Feed per Revolution vc (m/min) : Cutting Speed 60×103×( Kc (MPa) : Specific Cutting Force η (Machine Coefficient) (Problem) What is the cutting power required for machining mild (Answer) Substitute the specific cutting force steel at cutting speed 120m/min with depth of cut 3mm Kc=3100MPa into the formula. and feed 0.2mm/rev (Machine coefficient 80%) ? 3×0.2×120×3100 Pc = 3 = 4.65(kW) a Kc 60×10 ×0.8 Tensile Strength(MPa) Specific Cutting Force Kc (MPa) Work Material and Hardness 0.1 (mm/rev) 0.2 (mm/rev) 0.3 (mm/rev) 0.4 (mm/rev) 0.6 (mm/rev) Mild Steel 520 3610 3100 2720 2500 2280 Medium Steel 620 3080 2700 2570 2450 2300 Hard Steel 720 4050 3600 3250 2950 2640 Tool Steel 670 3040 2800 2630 2500 2400 Tool Steel 770 3150 2850 2620 2450 2340 Chrome Manganese Steel 770 3830 3250 2900 2650 2400 Chrome Manganese Steel 630 4510 3900 3240 2900 2630 Chrome Molybdenum Steel 730 4500 3900 3400 3150 2850 Chrome Molybdenum Steel 600 3610 3200 2880 2700 2500 Nickel Chrome Molybdenum Steel 900 3070 2650 2350 2200 1980 Nickel Chrome Molybdenum Steel 352HB 3310 2900 2580 2400 2200 Hard Cast Iron 46HRC 3190 2800 2600 2450 2270 Meehanite Cast Iron 360 2300 1930 1730 1600 1450 Gray Cast Iron 200HB 2110 1800 1600 1400 1330 y CUTTING SPEED (vc) y FEED (f) vc (m/min) : Cutting Speed f (mm/rev) : Feed per Revolution ) • Dm • n Dm (mm) : Workpiece Diameter l I (mm/min) : Cutting Length per Min. vc= (m/min) f= (mm/rev) ) (3.14) : Pi n (min-1) : Main Axis Spindle Speed 1000 n n (min-1) : Main Axis Spindle Speed (Problem) What is the feed per revolution when main axis spindle speed is * Divide by 1,000 to change to m from mm. (Problem) What is the cutting speed when main axis spindle speed is 500min-1 and cutting length per minute is 120 mm/min ? 700 min-1 and external diameter is & 50 ? (Answer) Substitute n=500, I=120 into the formula. (Answer) Substitute )=3.14, Dm=50, n=700 into the formula. l 120 f= = = 0.24mm/rev ) • Dm • n 3.14×50×700 n 500 vc = = = 110m/min l 1000 1000 The answer is 0.24mm/rev. f Cutting speed is 110m/min. n n øDm y CUTTING TIME (Tc) y THEORETICAL FINISHED SURFACE ROUGHNESS (h) Tc (min) : Cutting Time h (!m) : Finished Surface Roughness Im Im (mm) : Workpiece Length f2 f (mm/rev) : Feed per Revolution Tc= (min) I (mm/min) : Cutting Length per Min. h= ×1000(!m) Re (mm) : Insert Corner Radius l 8Re TECHNICAL DATA (Problem) What is the cutting time when 100mm workpiece is machined at (Problem) What is the theoretical finished surface roughness when the 1000min-1 with feed=0.2mm/rev ? insert corner radius is 0.8mm and feed is 0.2 mm/rev ? (Answer) First, calculate the cutting length per min. from the feed and (Answer) Substitute f=0.2 mm/rev, Re=0.8 into the formula. spindle speed. 0.22 I = f×n = 0.2×1000 = 200mm/min h= ×1000 = 6.25!m 8×0.8 Substitute the answer above into the formula. The theoretical finished surface roughness is 6!m. Im 100 Feed Feed Tc= = = 0.5min l 200 0.5x60=30(sec.) The answer is 30 sec. Depth Theoretical Finished Depth Theoretical Finished of Cut Surface Roughness of Cut Surface Roughness Q011
- 12. TECHNICAL DATA TROUBLE SHOOTING FOR FACE MILLING Insert Grade Cutting Style and Design Machine, Selection Conditions of the Tool Installation of Tool Solution Honing Strengthens Decrease power and machine Smaller Larger Number Of Teeth Engage angle Increase clamping rigidity of Cutter Diameter Coolant the Cutting Edge Cutting Speed Select A Grade With Better Select A Grade With Better thermal Shock Resistance Improve run-out accuracy Corner Angle Depth Of Cut Select A Tougher Grade the tool and workpiece Select A Harder Grade adhesion Resistance Use of a wiper insert soluble Cutting Fluid Decrease overhang Wider Chip Pocket Rake Feed Do Not Use Water- Determine Dry Or Cutter Rigidity wet Cutting Up Up backlash Trouble Factors Down Up Down Improper a tool grade Insert wear quickly Improper cutting a a a a Deterioration of Tool Life generated edge geometry Improper a a cutting speed Wet Improper a tool grade Improper a a cutting conditions Chipping or Lack of cutting a fracturing of edge strength. cutting edge Thermal crack a a a a a a occurs Dry Build-up a a a a a edge occurs Wet Lack of rigidity a a a a Improper Deterioration of Surface Finish a a a a cutting conditions Welding occurs a a a a a a Poor finished Wet surface Poor run-out a a accuracy Chattering a a a a a a a a a a a Workpiece a a a a a a a bending Not parallel or irregular Tool clearance a a a a surface Large back force a a a a Chip thickness a a a is too large Burr, Workpiece Chipping Cutter diameter a a Burrs, is too large chipping Low sharpness a a A large a corner angle Improper a a cutting conditions TECHNICAL DATA Workpiece Low sharpness a a edge chipping A small a corner angle Chattering a a a a a a a a a a a Welding occurs a Chip Control Poor chip Chip thickness dispersal, a a is too thin chip jamming and chip Cutter diameter a packing is too small Poor chip a a a a disposal Wet Q012
- 13. FUNCTION OF TOOL FEATURES FOR FACE MILLING y FUNCTION OF EACH CUTTING EDGE ANGLE IN FACE MILLING Type of Angle Symbol Function Effect Determines chip Positive : Excellent machinability. Corner Angle Axial Rake Angle A.R disposal direction. (CH) Axial Rake Angle Determines (A.R) Radial Rake Angle R.R sharpness. Negative : Excellent chip disposal. Lead Angle (EH) Large : Thin chips and small Wiper Insert Main Cutting Edge Corner Angle CH Determines chip cutting impact. thickness. Large back force. Cutting Edge True Rake Angle (T) Inclination (I) Positive (large) : Excellent machinability. Determines ac- Minimal welding. True Rake Angle T Radial Rake Angle (R.R) tual sharpness. Negative(large) : Poor machinability. Strong cutting edge. ( ) Determines chip Positive large : Each Cutting Edge Angle in Face Milling Cutting Edge Inclination I disposal direction. Excellent chip disposal. Low cutting edge strength. y STANDARD INSERTS a Positive and Negative Rake Angle a Standard Cutting Edge Shape (+) Axial Rake Angle (─) Axial Rake Angle (+) Axial Rake Angle Negative Neutral Positive Rake Angle Rake Angle Rake Angle (─) 0° (+) Standard Cutting Edge Combinations Radial Rake Angel Radial Rake Angel Radial Rake Angel (+) (─) (─) Double Positive Double Negative Negative/Positive (DP Edge Type) (DN Edge Type) (NP Edge Type) • Insert shape whose cutting edge precedes is Axial Rake Angle(A.R) Positive (+) Negative ( ─) Positive (+) a positive rake angle. Radial Rake Angle(R.R) Positive (+) Negative ( ─) Negative ( ─) • Insert shape whose cutting edge follows is a Insert Used Positive Insert (One Sided Use) Negative Insert (Double Sided Use) Positive Insert (One Sided Use) negative rake angle. Steel a ─ a Work Material Cast Iron ─ a a Aluminium Alloy a ─ ─ Difficult-to-Cut Material a ─ a y CORNER ANGLE (CH) AND CUTTING CHARACTERISTICS SE300 Type SE415 Type SE445 Type 400 Type 515 Type 545 Type 3000 Corner Angle Back force is in the minus direction. Corner Angle : 0° Corner Angle : 15° Corner Angle : 45° 0° Lifts the workpiece when workpiece clamp Cutting Resistance (N) 2500 Principal Principal Principal 2000 rigidity is low. Force Force Force 1500 Feed Force Corner Angle 0° 1000 Feed Force Feed Force 500 Back Force 0.1 0.2 0.3 Back Force Corner Angle Corner angle 15° is recommended for face 0 15° 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 milling of workpieces with low rigidity such Back Force -500 fz(mm/tooth) fz(mm/tooth) fz(mm/tooth) as thin workpieces. Workpiece : JIS SCM440 (281HB) Tool : ø125mm Single Insert TECHNICAL DATA Cutting Conditions : vc=125.6m/min ap=4mm ae=110mm Corner Angle 15° Cutting Resistance Comparison between Different Insert Shapes Corner Angle The largest back force. Bends thin workpieces and lowers 45° Principal Force Back Force cutting accuracy. Feed Force ae * cast iron cutting. edge chipping when Prevents workpiece Corner Angle 45° ap Table Feed * Principal force : Force is in the opposite direction of face milling rotation. Three Cutting Resistance Forces in Milling * Back force : :Force thatinpushes in direction and is caused by table feed. the axial direction. * Feed Force Force is the feed Q013
- 14. TECHNICAL DATA FUNCTION OF TOOL FEATURES FOR FACE MILLING y CORNER ANGLE AND TOOL LIFE a Corner angle and chip thickness When the depth of cut and feed per tooth, fz, are fixed, the larger the corner angle (CH) is, then the thinner the chip thickness (h) becomes (for a 45° CH, it is approx. 75% that of a 0° CH). Therefore as the CH increases, the cutting resistance decreases resulting in longer tool life. CH:0° CH:15° CH:45° h=fz h=0.96fz h=0.75fz fz fz fz Effects on chip thickness due to the variation of corner angles a Corner angle and crater wear The table below shows wear patterns for different corner angles.When comparing crater wear for 0° and 45° corner angles, it can be clearly seen that the crater wear for 0° corner angle is larger. This is because if the chip thickness is relatively large, the cutting resistance increases and so promotes crater wear. As the crater develops then cutting edge strength will reduce and lead to fracturing. Corner Angle 0° Corner Angle 15° Corner Angle 45° vc=100m/min Tc=69min vc=125m/min Tc=55min Workpiece : SNCM439 287HB Tools : D1=125 vc=160m/min Insert : M20Cemented Carbide Cutting Conditions : ap=3.0mm Tc=31min ae=110m fz=0.2m/tooth Dry Cutting y UP AND DOWN CUT (CLIMB) MILLING When choosing a method to machine, up cutting or down cut milling (climb milling) is decided by the conditions of the machine tool, the milling cutter and the application. However, it is said that in terms of tool life, down cut (climb) milling is more advantageous. Up Cut Down Cut TECHNICAL DATA Tool rotation Portion machined Tool rotation Workpiece Workpiece movement movement direction direction Milling cutter inserts Milling cutter inserts Portion machined Q014
- 15. y FINISHED SURFACE a Cutting Edge Run-out Accuracy Cutting edge run-out accuracy of indexable inserts on the cutter body greatly affects the surface finish and tool life. Minor Cutting Edge Chipping Due to Vibration Large Poor Finished Surface Shorten Tool Life Peripheral Rapid Wear Growth Cutting Edge Run-out Small Good Finished Surface Stable Tool Life Cutting Edge Run-out and Accuracy in Face Milling a Improve Finished Surface Roughness Since Mitsubishi Materials' normal sub cutting edge width is 1.4mm, and the sub cutting edges are set parallel to the face of a milling cutter, theoretically the finished surface accuracy should be maintained even if run-out accuracy is low. D.O.C Actual Problems Countermeasure 0.03 ─ 0.1mm Table Feed • Cutting edge run-out. Wiper Insert Wiper Insert • Sub cutting edge Standard Insert 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 Cutting Edge No. fz inclination. * Machine already that has a surface f • Milling cutter body accuracy. been pre-machined • Replace one or two normal inserts with fz : Feed per Tooth • Spare parts accuracy. in order to produce f : Feed per Revolution wiper inserts. • Welding, vibration, smooth finished • Wiper inserts should be set to protrude by Sub Cutting Edge Run-out chattering. surface. 0.03 ─ 0.1mm from the standard inserts. and Finished Surface a How to Set a Wiper Insert • Sub cutting edge length has to be longer than the feed per revolution. Body Locator Body Locator Body Locator * Too long sub cutting edge causes chattering. • When the cutter diameter is large and feed per revolution is longer than the sub cutting edge of the wiper insert, use two or three wiper inserts. • When using more than 1 wiper inserts, eliminate run-out of wiper inserts. (a) One Corner Type (b) Two Corner Type (c) Two Corner Type • Use a high hardness grade (high wear TECHNICAL DATA Replace normal insert. Replace normal insert. Use locator for wiper insert. resistance) for wiper inserts. Q015
- 16. TECHNICAL DATA FORMULAE FOR FACE MILLING y CUTTING SPEED (vc) ) • D1 • n vc (m/min) : Cutting Speed D1 (mm) : Cutter Diameter vc = (m/min) ) (3.14) : Pi n (min-1) : Main Axis Spindle Speed 1000 *Divide by 1,000 to change to m from mm. (Problem) What is the cutting speed when main axis spindle speed is 350min-1 and cutter diameter is & 125 ? (Answer) Substitute )=3.14, D1=125, n=350 into the formula. n ) • D1 • n 3.14×125×350 vc = = = 137.4m/min 1000 1000 øD1 The cutting speed is 137.4m/min. y FEED PER TOOTH (fz) vf fz (mm/tooth) : Feed per Tooth z : Insert Number fz = (mm/tooth) vf (mm/min) : Table Feed per Min. z•n n (min-1) : Main Axis Spindle Speed (Feed per Revolution f=z×fz) (Problem) What is the feed per tooth when the main axis spindle speed is 500min-1, number of inserts is 10, and table feed is 500mm/min ? Feed Direction (Answer) Substitute the above figures into the formula. vf 500 fz = = = 0.1mm/tooth z×n 10×500 Wiper Edge Angle The answer is 0.1mm/tooth. Feed per Tooth (fz) Tooth Mark y TABLE FEED (vf) vf (mm/min) : Table Feed per Min. vf = fz • z • n (mm/min) fz (mm/tooth) : Feed per Tooth z : Insert Number n (min-1) : Main Axis Spindle Speed (Problem) What is the table feed when feed per tooth is 0.1mm/tooth, number of inserts is 10, and main axis spindle speed is 500min-1? (Answer) Substitute the above figures into the formula. n vf = fz×z×n = 0.1×10×500 = 500mm/min The table feed is 500mm/min. y CUTTING TIME (Tc) L Tc (min) : Cutting Time Tc = (min) vf (mm/min) : Table Feed per Min. vf L (mm) : Total Table Feed Length (Workpiece Length (I) + Cutter Diameter (D1)) TECHNICAL DATA (Problem) What is the cutting time required for finishing 100 mm width and 300mm length surface of a cast iron (JIS FC200) block when cutter diameter is & 200mm, the number of inserts is 16, the cutting speed is 125m/min, and feed per tooth is 0.25 mm. (spindle speed is 200min-1) øD1 (Answer) Calculate table feed per min vf=0.25×16×200=800mm/min I Calculate total table feed length. L=300+200=500mm L Substitute the above answers into the formula. 500 Tc = = 0.625 (min) 800 0.625×60=37.5 (sec). The answer is 37.5 sec. Q016
- 17. y CUTTING POWER (Pc) ap • ae • vf • Kc Pc (kW) : Actual Cutting Power ap (mm) : Depth of Cut Pc = ae (mm) : Cutting Width vf (mm/min) : Table Feed per Min 60×106×( Kc (MPa) : Specific Cutting Force η (Machine Coefficient) (Problem) What is the cutting power required for (Answer) First, calculate spindle speed in order to obtain feed per tooth. milling tool steel at a cutting speed of 1000vc 1000×80 n= = = 101.91min-1 80m/min. ) D1 3.14×250 With depth of cut 2mm, cutting width vf 280 Feed per Tooth fz = z×n = = 0.228mm/tooth 12×101.9 80mm, and table feed 280mm/min by & 250 cutter with 12 inserts. Machine Substitute the specific cutting force into the formula. 2×80×280×1800 coefficient 80%. Pc = = 1.68kW 60×106×0.8 a Kc Tensile Strength (MPa) Specific Cutting Force Kc (MPa) Work Material and Hardness 0.1mm/tooth 0.2mm/tooth 0.3mm/tooth 0.4mm/tooth 0.6mm/tooth Mild Steel 520 2200 1950 1820 1700 1580 Medium Steel 620 1980 1800 1730 1600 1570 Hard Steel 720 2520 2200 2040 1850 1740 Tool Steel 670 1980 1800 1730 1700 1600 Tool Steel 770 2030 1800 1750 1700 1580 Chrome Manganese Steel 770 2300 2000 1880 1750 1660 Chrome Manganese Steel 630 2750 2300 2060 1800 1780 Chrome Molybdenum Steel 730 2540 2250 2140 2000 1800 Chrome Molybdenum Steel 600 2180 2000 1860 1800 1670 Nickel Chrome Molybdenum Steel 940 2000 1800 1680 1600 1500 Nickel Chrome Molybdenum Steel 352HB 2100 1900 1760 1700 1530 Austenitic Stainless Steel 155HB 2030 1970 1900 1770 1710 Cast Iron 520 2800 2500 2320 2200 2040 Hard Cast Iron 46HRC 3000 2700 2500 2400 2200 Meehanite Cast Iron 360 2180 2000 1750 1600 1470 Gray Cast Iron 200HB 1750 1400 1240 1050 970 Brass 500 1150 950 800 700 630 Light Alloy (Al-Mg) 160 580 480 400 350 320 Light Alloy (Al-Si) 200 700 600 490 450 390 Light Alloy (Al-Zn-Mg-Cu) 570 880 840 840 810 720 TECHNICAL DATA Q017
- 18. TECHNICAL DATA TROUBLE SHOOTING FOR END MILLING Insert Grade Style and Design Machine, Cutting Conditions Selection of the Tool Installation of Tool Solution Concavity angle of Coolant Cutting speed Insert number Tool diameter end cutting edge Increase chuck clamping Depth of cut Increase tool installation Increase work clamping Helix angle Increase spindle collet Shorten tool overhang Pick feed Collet inspection and soluble cutting fluid Wider chip pocket Feed run-out accuracy Determine dry or Do not use water- Increase coolant Cutter rigidity Use air blow Coated tool wet cutting Up Up Larger exchange Down cut accuracy quantity rigidity power Trouble Factors Down Down Down Smaller Non-coated end a mill is used A small number Large peripheral of cutting edges a cutting edge wear Improper a a cutting conditions Deterioration of Tool Life Up cut milling Down is used Cut Improper cutting conditions Fragile cutting a Severe edge chipping Insufficient a a clamping force Low clamping a a a a a a rigidity Improper a cutting conditions Breakage Low end mill a rigidity a during cutting Overhang longer a a than necessary Chip jamming a a Improper a a cutting conditions Vibration Low end mill a a a a during cutting rigidity Low clamping a a a a a a Deterioration of Surface Finish rigidity Large cutting a edge wear Poor surface Improper a a finish on walls cutting conditions Chip packing. a a a Wet The end cutting edge does a a not have a concave angle a Poor surface finish on faces Large pick feed a Large cutting a edge wear Out of Improper a a vertical cutting conditions Lack of end mill a rigidty a a a Improper a a a Poor dimensional cutting conditions TECHNICAL DATA accuracy Low clamping a a a a a a rigidity Improper Burrs, Chipping, etc. Burr or cutting conditions a a chipping occurs Large helix angle a Notch wear a Quick bur formation Improper a cutting conditions a Metal removal Poor Chip Dispersal a a too large Chip packing Lack of chip pocket a a Q018
- 19. END MILL TERMINOLOGY y END MILL TERMINOLOGY Cutter sweep Neck Flute Shank Diameter Shank diameter Length of cut Overall length Land width (Groove Width) Corner Concavity angle of end cutting edge End cutting edge Peripheral cutting edge Primary clearance land (Relief width) Primary clearance angle End gash Secondary clearance angle Axial rake angle Helix angle Radial rake angle Axial primary relief angle Axial secondary clearance angle y COMPARISON OF SECTIONAL SHAPE AREA OF CHIP POCKET 2-flutes 3-flutes 4-flutes 6-flutes 50% 45% 40% 20% y CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATIONS OF DIFFERENT-NUMBER-OF-FLUTE END MILLS TECHNICAL DATA 2-flutes 3-flutes 4-flutes 6-flutes Chip disposability is excellent. Chip disposability is High rigidity High rigidity. Advantage Suitable for sinking. excellent. Superior cutting edge Feature Low cutting resistance. Suitable for sinking. durability. Low rigidity Diameter is not easily Chip disposability is poor. Chip disposability is poor. Fault measured. Slotting, side milling, Slotting, side milling Shallow slotting, side milling High Hardness Material Usage sinking etc. Heavy cutting, finishing Finishing Shallow slotting, side milling Wide range of use. Q019
- 20. TECHNICAL DATA TYPES AND SHAPES OF END MILLS y Peripheral Cutting Edge Kind Shape Feature Ordinary flute type is most generally used for the slotting, side milling, Ordinary Flute and the shoulder milling, etc. Can be used for roughing, semi-finishing, and the finishing. Tapered Flute A tapered fute is used for milling mould drafts and angled faces. Because a roughing tooth has a wave-like form and produces small Roughing Flute chips. Cutting resistance is low, and is suitable for roughing. Not suitable for finishing. The tooth face is re-grindable. A corner radius cutter is shown. An infinite range of form cutters can Formed Flute be produced. y End Cutting Edge Kind Shape Feature This is generally used for slotting, side milling, and shoulder milling. Square End Sinking is not possible. Grinding is center supported, making (With Center Hole) re-grinding accurate. Square End It is generally used for slotting, side milling, and shoulder milling. (Center Cut) Vertical cutting can be performed. Re-grinding is possible. Ball End Suitable for profile machining and pick feed milling. For corner radius milling and contouring. Efficient small corner radius Radius End milling due to large diameter and small corner radius. y Shank And Neck Parts Kind Shape Feature Standard For general use. (Straight Shank) For deep slotting and has a long shank, so that adjustment of the TECHNICAL DATA Long Shank overhang is possible. For deep slotting and small diameter end mills, also suitable for Long Neck boring. Taper Neck For best performance in deep slotting and on mould drafts. Q020
- 21. PITCH SELECTION OF PICK FEED y PICK FEED MILLING (CONTOURING) WITH BALL NOSE END MILLS & END MILLS WITH CORNER RADIUS End mill h=R • 1 ─ cos sin-1 P ( 2R ) h R R : Radius of Ball Nose, Corner Radius P : Pick Feed h : Cusp Height P y CORNER R OF END MILLS AND CUSP HEIGHT BY PICK FEED Unit : mm P Pitch of Pick Feed (P) R 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.5 0.003 0.010 0.023 0.042 0.067 0.100 ─ ─ ─ ─ 1 0.001 0.005 0.011 0.020 0.032 0.046 0.063 0.083 0.107 ─ 1.5 0.001 0.003 0.008 0.013 0.021 0.030 0.041 0.054 0.069 0.086 2 0.001 0.003 0.006 0.010 0.016 0.023 0.031 0.040 0.051 0.064 2.5 0.001 0.002 0.005 0.008 0.013 0.018 0.025 0.032 0.041 0.051 3 0.002 0.004 0.007 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.027 0.034 0.042 4 0.001 0.003 0.005 0.008 0.011 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.031 5 0.001 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.009 0.012 0.016 0.020 0.025 6 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.005 0.008 0.010 0.013 0.017 0.021 8 0.001 0.003 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010 0.013 0.016 10 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.005 0.006 0.008 0.010 0.013 12.5 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.008 0.010 P Pitch of Pick Feed (P) R 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 0.5 ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ 1 ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ 1.5 0.104 ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ 2 0.077 0.092 0.109 ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ 2.5 TECHNICAL DATA 0.061 0.073 0.086 0.100 ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ 3 0.051 0.061 0.071 0.083 0.095 0.109 ─ ─ ─ ─ 4 0.038 0.045 0.053 0.062 0.071 0.081 0.091 0.103 ─ ─ 5 0.030 0.036 0.042 0.049 0.057 0.064 0.073 0.082 0.091 0.101 6 0.025 0.030 0.035 0.041 0.047 0.054 0.061 0.068 0.076 0.084 8 0.019 0.023 0.026 0.031 0.035 0.040 0.045 0.051 0.057 0.063 10 0.015 0.018 0.021 0.025 0.028 0.032 0.036 0.041 0.045 0.050 12.5 0.012 0.014 0.017 0.020 0.023 0.026 0.029 0.032 0.036 0.040 Q021
- 22. TECHNICAL DATA TROUBLE SHOOTING FOR DRILLING Style and Design Machine, Cutting Conditions Installation of Tool of the Tool Solution Increase work clamping rigidity Use internal coolant type drill Reduce machine backrush and Lower Feed At Initial Cutting Change to a drill with X type Core Thickness Lower Feed When Breaking Cutting Speed Coolant Honing Width Chisel width Increase tool installation Shorten Tool Overhang Increase accuracy of Flat Workpiece Face prep-hole and depth Shorten flute length Decrease lip height Increase Oil Ratio Feed Increase Coolant Increase Volume increase rigidity Up Up Step Feed accuracy Pressure thinning through Trouble Factors Down Down Lack of drill a rigidity a Improper a cutting conditions Drill breakage Large deflection a a of the tool holder Workpiece face Deterioration of Tool Life a is inclined Improper a Large wear at the cutting conditions peripheral cutting An increase in temperature at the a a a edge and along cutting point the land Poor run-out a accuracy Improper a a cutting conditions Chipping of Large deflection the peripheral of the tool holder a a cutting edge chattering, a a a a vibration The chisel edge a width is too wide Chisel edge Poor entry a chipping Chattering, a a a a vibration Lack of drill a Hole diameter rigidity a increases Improper drill a geometry Deterioration of Hole Accuracy An increase in temperature at the a a a cutting point Hole diameter Improper becomes cutting conditions a smaller Improper drill a geometry Lack of drill a rigidity a Poor Large deflection a a straightness of the tool holder Poor guiding a properties Lack of drill a rigidity a Poor hole positioning Poor entry a accuracy, roundness TECHNICAL DATA Improper and surface finish cutting conditions a Large deflection a a of the tool holder Improper drill Poor Chip Dispersal Burrs a Burrs at the geometry hole exit Improper a cutting conditions Improper a cutting conditions a Long chips Poor chip a a a a disposal Improper a a a Chip cutting conditions jamming Poor chip a a a a disposal Q022
- 23. DRILL WEAR AND CUTTING EDGE DAMAGE y DRILL WEAR CONDITION The table below shows a simple drawing depicting the wear of a drill’s cutting edge. The generation and the amount of wear differ according to the workpiece materials and cutting conditions used. But generally, the peripheral wear is largest and determines a drill tool life. When regrinding, the flank wear at the point needs to be ground away completely. Therefore, if there is large wear more material needs to be ground away to renew the cutting edge. We : Chisel edge wear width e W Wf : Flank Wear (The middle of the cutting edge) Wo : Outer corner wear width Wf Wm : Margin wear width Wo Wm' : Margin wear width (Leading edge) Wm Wm' y CUTTING EDGE DAMAGE When drilling, the cutting edge of the drill can suffer from chipping, fracture and abnormal damage. In such cases, it is important to take a closer look at the damage, investigate the cause and take countermeasures. b b a c a c Cutting edge damage TECHNICAL DATA Q023
- 24. TECHNICAL DATA DRILL TERMINOLOGY AND CUTTING CHARACTERISTICS y NAMES OF EACH PART OF A DRILL Height of point Straight shank with tang Clearance angle Body Lead Neck Taper shank Tang Flank Helix angle diameter Drill Axis Outer corner Point angle Neck Flute length length Shank length Overall length Margin width Depth of body clearance Margin Body clearance Flute Flute width Chisel edge angle Cutting edge Land width y SHAPE SPECIFICATION AND CUTTING CHARACTERISTICS Is the inclination of the flute with respect to the axial direction of a drill, which corresponds to the rake angle of a bit.The rake angle of a drill differs according to the position of the cutting edge, and it decreases greatly as the Helix Angle circumference approaches the center. The chisel edge has a negative rake angle, crushing the work. High-hardness material Small Rake Angle Large Soft material (Aluminium, etc.) It is determined by depth of hole, bush length, and regrinding allowance. Since the influence on the tool life is Flute Length great, it is necessary to minimize it as much as possible. In general, the angle is 118°, which is set differently to various applications. Point Angle Soft material with good machinability Small Point angle Large For hard material and high-efficiency machining It is an important element that determines the rigidity and chip raking performance of a drill. The web thickness is set according to applications. Large cutting resistance Small cutting resistance Web Thickness High rigidity Low rigidity Thin Web thickness Thick Poor chip raking performance Good chip raking performance High-hardness material, Machinable material cross hole drilling, etc. The tip determines the drill diameter and functions as a drill guide during drilling. The margin width is determined in TECHNICAL DATA consideration of friction during hole drilling. Margin Poor guiding performance Small Margin width Large Good guiding performance To reduce friction with the inside of the drilled hole, the portion from the tip to the shank is tapered slightly.The Diameter degree is usually represented by the quantity of reduction in the diameter with respect to the flute length, which is Back Taper approx. 0.04 ─ 0.1mm. It is set at a larger value for high-efficiency drills and the work material that allows blind holes. Q024
- 25. y CUTTING EDGE GEOMETRY AND ITS INFLUENCE As shown in the table below, it is possible to select the most suitable cutting edge geometry for different applications. If the most suitable cutting edge geometry is selected then higher machining efficiency and higher hole accuracy can be obtained. a Cutting Edge Shapes Grinding name Shape Features and effect Application •The flank is conical and the clearance angle • General Use increases toward the centre of the drill. Conical • The flank is flat. • Mainly for small diameter drills. • Easy grinding. Flat • As there is no chisel edge, the results are high • For drilling operations that centripetal force and small hole oversize. require high hole accuracy and Three rank • Requires a special grinding machine. positioning accuracy. angles • Surface grinding of three sides. • To increase the clearance angle near the centre • For drilling that requires high of the drill, conical grinding combined with accuracy. Spiral point irregular helix. • S type chisel edge with high centripetal force and machining accuracy. • The cutting edge is ground radial with the aim of • Cast Iron, Aluminium Alloy dispersing load. • For cast iron plates. Radial lip • High machining accuracy and finished surface • Steel roughness. • For through holes, small burrs on the base. • Requires a special grinding machine. • This geometry has two-stage point angle for • For thin sheet drilling. better concentricity and a reduction in shock Centre point when exiting the workpiece. drill y WEB THINNING The rake angle of the cutting edge of a drill reduces toward the center, and it changes into a negative angle at the chisel edge. During drilling, the center of a drill crushes the work, generating 50 ─ 70% of the cutting resistance. Web thinning is very effective for reduction in the cutting resistance of a drill, early removal of cut chips at the chisel edge, and better initial bite. TECHNICAL DATA Shape X type XR type S type N type The thrust load substantially The initial performance is slightly Popular design, easy cutting Effective when the web is Features reduces, and the bite inferior to that of the X type, but type. comparatively thick. performance improves. This is the cutting edge is hard and the effective when the web is thick. applicable range of work is wide. Major General drilling and deep hole General drilling and stainless General drilling for steel, cast Deep hole drilling. Applications drilling. steel drilling. iron, and non-ferrous metal. Q025
- 26. TECHNICAL DATA DRILL TERMINOLOGY AND CUTTING CHARACTERISTICS y DRILLING CHIPS Types of Chips Shape Features and Ease of Raking Fan-shaped chips cut by the cutting edge are curved by the flute. Chips of this type Conical Spiral are produced when the feeding rate of ductile material is small. If the chip breaks after several turns, the chip raking performance is satisfactory. The generated chip comes out without coiling. It will easily coil around the drill. Long Pitch This is a chip broken by the restraint caused by the drill flute and the wall of a drilled Fan hole. It is generated when the feed rate is high. A conical spiral chip that is broken before the chip grows into the long-pitch shape by Segment the restraint caused by the wall of the drilled hole due to the insufficiency of ductility. Excellent chip disposal and chip discharge. A chip that is buckled and folded because of the shape of flute and the characteristics Zigzag of the material. It easily causes chip packing in the flute. Chips broken by vibration or broken when brittle material is curled with a small radius. Needle The raking performance is satisfactory, but these chips can pack closely creating jams. TECHNICAL DATA Q026
- 27. FORMULAE FOR DRILLING y CUTTING SPEED (vc) ) • D1 • n vc (m/min) : Cutting Speed D1 (mm) : Drill Diameter vc = (m/min) ) (3.14) : Pi n (min-1) : Main Axis Spindle Speed 1000 *Divide by 1,000 to change to m from mm. n (Problem) What is the cutting speed when main axis spindle speed is 1350min-1 and drill diameter is 12mm ? (Answer) Substitute )=3.14, D1=12, n=1350 into the formula ) • D1 • n 3.14×12×1350 vc = = = 50.9m/min 1000 1000 The cutting speed is 50.9m/min. øD1 y FEED OF THE MAIN SPINDLE (vf) vf (mm/min) : Feed Speed of the Main Spindle (Z axis) vf = f • n (mm/min) f (mm/rev) : Feed per Revolution n (min-1) : Main Axis Spindle Speed (Problem) What is the spindle feed (vf) when feed per revolution is 0.2mm/rev and main axis spindle speed is 1350min-1? vf n (Answer) Substitute f=0.2, n=1350 into the formula vf = f×n = 0.2×1350 = 270mm/min The spindle feed is 270mm/min. f y DRILLING TIME (Tc) (Problem) What is the drilling time required for drilling a 30mm Tc (min) : Drilling Time Id • i n (min-1) : Spindle Speed length hole in alloy steel (JIS SCM440) at a cutting Tc = ld (mm) : Hole Depth speed of 50m/min and feed 0.15mm/rev ? n•f f (mm/rev) : Feed per Revolution 50×1000 i : Number of Holes (Answer) Spindle Speed n = = 1061.57min-1 15×3.14 30×1 Tc = = 0.188 n 1061.57×0.15 = 0.188×60i11.3 sec. ld TECHNICAL DATA Q027
- 28. TECHNICAL DATA METALLIC MATERIALS CROSS REFERENCE LIST y CARBON STEEL Japan Germany U.K. France Italy Spain Sweden USA China JIS W.-nr. DIN BS EN AFNOR UNI UNE SS AISI/SAE GB STKM 12A 1.0038 RSt.37-2 4360 40 C – E 24-2 Ne – – 1311 A570.36 15 STKM 12C – 1.0401 C15 080M15 – CC12 C15, C16 F.111 1350 1015 15 – 1.0402 C22 050A20 2C CC20 C20, C21 F.112 1450 1020 20 F.2111 SUM22 1.0715 9SMn28 230M07 1A S250 CF9SMn28 1912 1213 Y15 11SMn28 SUM22L 1.0718 9SMnPb28 – – S250Pb CF9SMnPb28 11SMnPb28 1914 12L13 – – 1.0722 10SPb20 – – 10PbF2 CF10Pb20 10SPb20 – – – – 1.0736 9SMn36 240M07 1B S300 CF9SMn36 12SMn35 – 1215 Y13 – 1.0737 9SMnPb36 – – S300Pb CF9SMnPb36 12SMnP35 1926 12L14 – S15C 1.1141 Ck15 080M15 32C XC12 C16 C15K 1370 1015 15 S25C 1.1158 Ck25 – – – – – – 1025 25 – 1.8900 StE380 4360 55 E – – FeE390KG – 2145 A572-60 – – 1.0501 C35 060A35 – CC35 C35 F.113 1550 1035 35 – 1.0503 C45 080M46 – CC45 C45 F.114 1650 1045 45 – 1.0726 35S20 212M36 8M 35MF4 – F210G 1957 1140 – – 1.1157 40Mn4 150M36 15 35M5 – – – 1039 40Mn SMn438(H) 1.1167 36Mn5 – – 40M5 – 36Mn5 2120 1335 35Mn2 SCMn1 1.1170 28Mn6 150M28 14A 20M5 C28Mn – – 1330 30Mn S35C 1.1183 Cf35 060A35 – XC38TS C36 – 1572 1035 35Mn S45C 1.1191 Ck45 080M46 – XC42 C45 C45K 1672 1045 Ck45 S50C 1.1213 Cf53 060A52 – XC48TS C53 – 1674 1050 50 – 1.0535 C55 070M55 9 – C55 – 1655 1055 55 – 1.0601 C60 080A62 43D CC55 C60 – – 1060 60 S55C 1.1203 Ck55 070M55 – XC55 C50 C55K – 1055 55 S58C 1.1221 Ck60 080A62 43D XC60 C60 – 1678 1060 60Mn – 1.1274 Ck101 060A96 – XC100 – F.5117 1870 1095 – SK3 1.1545 C105W1 BW1A – Y105 C36KU F.5118 1880 W1 – SUP4 1.1545 C105W1 BW2 – Y120 C120KU F.515 2900 W210 – y ALLOY STEEL Japan Germany U.K. France Italy Spain Sweden USA China JIS W.-nr. DIN BS EN AFNOR UNI UNE SS AISI/SAE GB SM400A, SM400B 1.0144 St.44.2 4360 43 C – E28-3 – – 1412 A573-81 – SM400C SM490A, SM490B Fe52BFN 1.0570 St52-3 4360 50 B – E36-3 – 2132 – – SM490C Fe52CFN – 1.0841 St52-3 150M19 – 20MC5 Fe52 F.431 2172 5120 – – 1.0904 55Si7 250A53 45 55S7 55Si8 56Si7 2085 9255 55Si2Mn – 1.0961 60SiCr7 – – 60SC7 60SiCr8 60SiCr8 – 9262 – SUJ2 1.3505 100Cr6 534A99 31 100C6 100Cr6 F.131 2258 ASTM 52100 Gr15, 45G – 1.5415 15Mo3 1501-240 – 15D3 16Mo3KW 16Mo3 2912 ASTM A204Gr.A – TECHNICAL DATA – 1.5423 16Mo5 1503-245-420 – – 16Mo5 16Mo5 – 4520 – – 1.5622 14Ni6 – – 16N6 14Ni6 15Ni6 – ASTM A350LF5 – – 1.5662 X8Ni9 1501-509-510 – – X10Ni9 XBNi09 – ASTM A353 – SNC236 1.5710 36NiCr6 640A35 111A 35NC6 – – – 3135 – SNC415(H) 1.5732 14NiCr10 – – 14NC11 16NiCr11 15NiCr11 – 3415 – SNC815(H) 1.5752 14NiCr14 655M13 36A 12NC15 – – – 3415, 3310 – SNCM220(H) 1.6523 21NiCrMo2 805M20 362 20NCD2 20NiCrMo2 20NiCrMo2 2506 8620 – SNCM240 1.6546 40NiCrMo22 311-Type 7 – – 40NiCrMo2(KB) 40NiCrMo2 – 8740 – – 1.6587 17CrNiMo6 820A16 – 18NCD6 – 14NiCrMo13 – – – SCr415(H) 1.7015 15Cr3 523M15 – 12C3 – – – 5015 15Cr Q028
- 29. Japan Germany U.K. France Italy Spain Sweden USA China JIS W.-nr. DIN BS EN AFNOR UNI UNE SS AISI/SAE GB SCr440 1.7045 42Cr4 – – – – 42Cr4 2245 5140 40Cr SUP9(A) 1.7176 55Cr3 527A60 48 55C3 – – – 5155 20CrMn SCM415(H) 1.7262 15CrMo5 – – 12CD4 – 12CrMo4 2216 – – – 1.7335 13CrMo4 4 1501-620Gr27 – 15CD3.5 14CrMo45 14CrMo45 – ASTM A182 – 15CD4.5 F11, F12 1501-622 12CD9 12CrMo9 ASTM A182 – 1.7380 10CrMo910 – TU.H 2218 – Gr31, 45 12CD10 12CrMo10 F.22 – 1.7715 14MoV63 1503-660-440 – – – 13MoCrV6 – – – – 1.8523 39CrMoV13 9 897M39 40C – 36CrMoV12 – – – – – 1.6511 36CrNiMo4 816M40 110 40NCD3 38NiCrMo4(KB) 35NiCrMo4 – 9840 – – 1.6582 34CrNiMo6 817M40 24 35NCD6 35NiCrMo6(KB) – 2541 4340 40CrNiMoA SCr430(H) 1.7033 34Cr4 530A32 18B 32C4 34Cr4(KB) 35Cr4 – 5132 35Cr SCr440(H) 1.7035 41Cr4 530M40 18 42C4 41Cr4 42Cr4 – 5140 40Cr – 1.7131 16MnCr5 (527M20) – 16MC5 16MnCr5 16MnCr5 2511 5115 18CrMn SCM420 1.7218 25CrMo4 1717CDS110 – 25CD4 25CrMo4(KB) 2225 4130 55Cr3 30CrMn SCM430 708M20 SCM432 4137 1.7220 34CrMo4 708A37 19B 35CD4 35CrMo4 34CrMo4 2234 35CrMo SCCRM3 4135 4140 SCM 440 1.7223 41CrMo4 708M40 19A 42CD4TS 41CrMo4 42CrMo4 2244 40CrMoA 4142 42CrMo SCM440(H) 1.7225 42CrMo4 708M40 19A 42CD4 42CrMo4 42CrMo4 2244 4140 42CrMnMo – 1.7361 32CrMo12 722M24 40B 30CD12 32CrMo12 F.124.A 2240 – – SUP10 1.8159 50CrV4 735A50 47 50CV4 50CrV4 51CrV4 2230 6150 50CrVA 40CAD6 – 1.8509 41CrAlMo7 905M39 41B 41CrAlMo7 41CrAlMo7 2940 – – 40CAD2 – 1.2067 100Cr6 BL3 – Y100C6 – 100Cr6 – L3 CrV, 9SiCr SKS31 1.2419 105WCr6 – – 105WC13 100WCr6 105WCr5 2140 – CrWMo SKS2, SKS3 107WCr5KU SKT4 1.2713 55NiCrMoV6 BH224/5 – 55NCDV7 – F.520.S – L6 5CrNiMo – 1.5662 X8Ni9 1501-509 – – X10Ni9 XBNi09 – ASTM A353 – – 1.5680 12Ni19 – – Z18N5 – – – 2515 – – 1.6657 14NiCrMo134 832M13 36C – 15NiCrMo13 14NiCrMo131 – – – SKD1 1.2080 X210Cr12 BD3 – Z200C12 X210Cr13KU X210Cr12 – D3 Cr12 X250Cr12KU ASTM D3 SKD61 1.2344 X40CrMoV51 BH13 – Z40CDV5 X35CrMoV05KU X40CrMoV5 2242 H13 40CrMoV5 X40CrMoV51 X40CrMoV51KU ASTM H13 SKD12 1.2363 X100CrMoV51 BA2 – Z100CDV5 X100CrMoV51KU X100CrMoV5 2260 A2 100CrMoV5 SKD2 1.2436 X210CrW12 – – – X215CrW121KU X210CrW12 2312 – – – 1.2542 45WCrV7 BS1 – – 45WCrV8KU 45WCrSi8 2710 S1 – SKD5 1.2581 X30WCrV93 BH21 – Z30WCV9 X28W09KU X30WCrV9 – H21 30WCrV9 – 1.2601 X165CrMoV12 – – – X165CrMoW12KU X160CrMoV12 2310 – – SKS43 1.2833 100V1 BW2 – Y1105V – – – W210 V TECHNICAL DATA SKH3 1.3255 S 18-1-2-5 BT4 – Z80WKCV X78WCo1805KU HS18-1-1-5 – T4 W18Cr4VCo5 SKH2 1.3355 S 18-0-1 BT1 – Z80WCV X75W18KU HS18-0-1 – T1 – SCMnH/1 1.3401 G-X120Mn12 Z120M12 – Z120M12 XG120Mn12 X120MN12 – – – SUH1 1.4718 X45CrSi93 401S45 52 Z45CS9 X45CrSi8 F.322 – HW3 X45CrSi93 SUH3 1.3343 S6-5-2 4959BA2 – Z40CSD10 15NiCrMo13 – 2715 D3 – SKH9, SKH51 1.3343 S6/5/2 BM2 – Z85WDCV HS6-5-2-2 F.5603 2722 M2 – – 1.3348 S 2-9-2 – – – HS2-9-2 HS2-9-2 2782 M7 – SKH55 1.3243 S6/5/2/5 BM35 – 6-5-2-5 HS6-5-2-5 F.5613 2723 M35 – Q029
- 30. TECHNICAL DATA METALLIC MATERIALS CROSS REFERENCE LIST y STAINLESS STEEL (FERRITIC,MARTENSITIC) Japan Germany U.K. France Italy Spain Sweden USA China JIS W.-nr. DIN BS EN AFNOR UNI UNE SS AISI/SAE GB OCr13 SUS403 1.4000 X7Cr13 403S17 – Z6C13 X6Cr13 F.3110 2301 403 1Cr12 – 1.4001 X7Cr14 – – – – F.8401 – – – SUS416 1.4005 X12CrS13 416S21 – Z11CF13 X12CrS13 F.3411 2380 416 – SUS410 1.4006 X10Cr13 410S21 56A Z10C14 X12Cr13 F.3401 2302 410 1Cr13 SUS430 1.4016 X8Cr17 430S15 60 Z8C17 X8Cr17 F.3113 2320 430 1Cr17 SCS2 1.4027 G-X20Cr14 420C29 56B Z20C13M – – – – – SUS420J2 1.4034 X46Cr13 420S45 56D Z40CM X40Cr14 F.3405 2304 4Cr13 – Z38C13M – 1.4003 – 405S17 – Z8CA12 X6CrAl13 – – 405 – – 1.4021 – 420S37 – Z8CA12 X20Cr13 – 2303 420 – SUS431 1.4057 X22CrNi17 431S29 57 Z15CNi6.02 X16CrNi16 F.3427 2321 431 1Cr17Ni2 SUS430F 1.4104 X12CrMoS17 – – Z10CF17 X10CrS17 F.3117 2383 430F Y1Cr17 SUS434 1.4113 X6CrMo17 434S17 – Z8CD17.01 X8CrMo17 – 2325 434 1Cr17Mo SCS5 1.4313 X5CrNi134 425C11 – Z4CND13.4M (G)X6CrNi304 – 2385 CA6-NM – SUS405 1.4724 X10CrA113 403S17 – Z10C13 X10CrA112 F.311 – 405 OCr13Al SUS430 1.4742 X10CrA118 430S15 60 Z10CAS18 X8Cr17 F.3113 – 430 Cr17 SUH4 1.4747 X80CrNiSi20 443S65 59 Z80CSN20.02 X80CrSiNi20 F.320B – HNV6 – SUH446 1.4762 X10CrA124 – – Z10CAS24 X16Cr26 – 2322 446 2Cr25N SUH35 1.4871 X53CrMnNiN219 349S54 – Z52CMN21.09 X53CrMnNiN219 – – EV8 5Cr2Mn9Ni4N – 1.4521 X1CrMoTi182 – – – – – 2326 S44400 – – 1.4922 X20CrMoV12-1 – – – X20CrMoNi1201 – 2317 – – – 1.4542 – – – Z7CNU17-04 – – – 630 – y STAINLESS STEEL (AUSTENITIC) Japan Germany U.K. France Italy Spain Sweden USA China JIS W.-nr. DIN BS EN AFNOR UNI UNE SS AISI/SAE GB SUS304L 1.4306 X2CrNi1911 304S11 – Z2CN18.10 X2CrNi18.11 – 2352 304L OCr19Ni10 SUS304 1.4350 X5CrNi189 304S11 58E Z6CN18.09 X5CrNi1810 F.3551 2332 304 OCr18Ni9 F.3541 F.3504 SUS303 1.4305 X12CrNiS188 303S21 58M Z10CNF18.09 X10CrNiS18.09 F.3508 2346 303 1Cr18Ni9MoZr SUS304L – – 304C12 – Z3CN19.10 – – 2333 – – SCS19 1.4306 X2CrNi189 304S12 – Z2CrNi1810 X2CrNi18.11 F.3503 2352 304L – SUS301 1.4310 X12CrNi177 – – Z12CN17.07 X12CrNi1707 F.3517 2331 301 Cr17Ni7 SUS304LN 1.4311 X2CrNiN1810 304S62 – Z2CN18.10 – – 2371 304LN – SUS316 1.4401 X5CrNiMo1810 316S16 58J Z6CND17.11 X5CrNiMo1712 F.3543 2347 316 0Cr17Ni11Mo2 SCS13 1.4308 G-X6CrNi189 304C15 – Z6CN18.10M – – – – – SCS14 1.4408 G-X6CrNiMo1810 316C16 – – – F.8414 – – – SCS22 1.4581 G-X5CrNiMoNb1810 318C17 – Z4CNDNb1812M XG8CrNiMo1811 – – – – SUS316LN 1.4429 X2CrNiMoN1813 – – Z2CND17.13 – – 2375 316LN OCr17Ni13Mo – 1.4404 – 316S13 – Z2CND17.12 X2CrNiMo1712 – 2348 316L – TECHNICAL DATA SCS16 1.4435 316S13 – 2353 316L OCr27Ni12Mo3 X2CrNiMo1812 Z2CND17.12 X2CrNiMo1712 – SUS316L – 1.4436 – 316S13 – Z6CND18-12-03 X8CrNiMo1713 – 2343, 2347 316 – SUS317L 1.4438 X2CrNiMo1816 317S12 – Z2CND19.15 X2CrNiMo1816 – 2367 317L OOCr19Ni13Mo – 1.4539 – – – 2562 UNS V X1NiCrMo – Z6CNT18.10 – 0890A SUS321 1.4541 321S12 58B Z6CNT18.10 X6CrNiTi1811 F.3553 2337 321 X10CrNiTi189 1Cr18NI9Ti F.3523 SUS347 1.4550 347S17 58F Z6CNNb18.10 X6CrNiNb1811 F.3552 2338 347 X10CrNiNb189 1Cr18Ni11Nb F.3524 – 1.4571 X10CrNiMoTi1810 320S17 58J Z6CNDT17.12 X6CrNiMoTi1712 F.3535 2350 316Ti Cr18Ni12Mo2T – 1.4583 X10CrNiMoNb1812 – – Z6CNDNb1713B X6CrNiMoNb1713 – – 318 Cr17Ni12Mo3Mb Q030
- 31. Japan Germany U.K. France Italy Spain Sweden USA China JIS W.-nr. DIN BS EN AFNOR UNI UNE SS AISI/SAE GB SUH309 1.4828 X15CrNiSi2012 309S24 – Z15CNS20.12 X6CrNi2520 – – 309 1Cr23Ni13 SUH310 1.4845 X12CrNi2521 310S24 – Z12CN2520 X6CrNi2520 F.331 2361 310S OCr25Ni20 SCS17 1.4406 X10CrNi18.08 – 58C Z1NCDU25.20 – F.8414 2370 308 – – 1.4418 X4CrNiMo165 – – Z6CND16-04-01 – – – – – – 1.4568 – 316S111 – Z8CNA17-07 X2CrNiMo1712 – – 17-7PH – 1.4504 – 1.4563 – – – Z1NCDU31-27-03 – – 2584 NO8028 – Z1CNDU20-18-06AZ 2378 S31254 SUS321 1.4878 X12CrNiTi189 321S32 58B, 58C Z6CNT18.12B X6CrNiTi18 11 F.3523 – 321 1Cr18Ni9Ti y HEAT RESISTANT STEELS Japan Germany U.K. France Italy Spain Sweden USA China JIS W.-nr. DIN BS EN AFNOR UNI UNE SS AISI/SAE GB SUH330 1.4864 X12NiCrSi3616 – – Z12NCS35.16 – – – 330 – SCH15 1.4865 G-X40NiCrSi3818 330C11 – – XG50NiCr3919 – – HT, HT 50 – y GRAY CAST IRON Japan Germany U.K. France Italy Spain Sweden USA China JIS W.-nr. DIN BS EN AFNOR UNI UNE SS AISI/SAE GB – – – – – – – – 0100 – – FC100 – GG 10 – – Ft 10 D – – 0110 No 20 B – FC150 0.6015 GG 15 Grade 150 – Ft 15 D G15 FG15 0115 No 25 B HT150 FC200 0.6020 GG 20 Grade 220 – Ft 20 D G20 – 0120 No 30 B HT200 FC250 0.6025 GG 25 Grade 260 – Ft 25 D G25 FG25 0125 No 35 B HT250 – – – – – – – – – No 40 B – FC300 0.6030 GG 30 Grade 300 – Ft 30 D G30 FG30 0130 No 45 B HT300 FC350 0.6035 GG 35 Grade 350 – Ft 35 D G35 FG35 0135 No 50 B HT350 – 0.6040 GG 40 Grade 400 – Ft 40 D – – 0140 No 55 B HT400 – 0.6660 GGL NiCr202 L-NiCuCr202 – L-NC 202 – – 0523 A436 Type 2 – y DUCTILE CAST IRON Japan Germany U.K. France Italy Spain Sweden USA China JIS W.-nr. DIN BS EN AFNOR UNI UNE SS AISI/SAE GB FCD400 0.7040 GGG 40 SNG 420/12 – FCS 400-12 GS 370-17 FGE 38-17 07 17-02 60-40-18 QT400-18 – – GGG 40.3 SNG 370/17 – FGS 370-17 – – 07 17-12 – – – 0.7033 GGG 35.3 – – – – – 07 17-15 – – FCD500 0.7050 GGG 50 SNG 500/7 – FGS 500-7 GS 500 FGE 50-7 07 27-02 80-55-06 QT500-7 – 0.7660 GGG NiCr202 Grade S6 – S-NC202 – – 07 76 A43D2 – – – GGG NiMn137 L-NiMn 137 – L-MN 137 – – 07 72 – – FCD600 – GGG 60 SNG 600/3 – FGS 600-3 – – 07 32-03 – QT600-3 TECHNICAL DATA FCD700 0.7070 GGG 70 SNG 700/2 – FGS 700-2 GS 700-2 FGS 70-2 07 37-01 100-70-03 QT700-18 y MALLEABLE CAST IRON Japan Germany U.K. France Italy Spain Sweden USA China JIS W.-nr. DIN BS EN AFNOR UNI UNE SS AISI/SAE GB FCMB310 – – 8 290/6 – MN 32-8 – – 08 14 – – FCMW330 – GTS-35 B 340/12 – MN 35-10 – – 08 15 32510 – FCMW370 0.8145 GTS-45 P 440/7 – Mn 450 GMN45 – 08 52 40010 – FCMP490 0.8155 GTS-55 P 510/4 – MP 50-5 GMN55 – 08 54 50005 – FCMP540 – GTS-65 P 570/3 – MP 60-3 – – 08 58 70003 – FCMP590 0.8165 GTS-65-02 P 570/3 – Mn 650-3 GMN 65 – 08 56 A220-70003 – FCMP690 – GTS-70-02 P 690/2 – Mn 700-2 GMN 70 – 08 62 A220-80002 – Q031
- 32. TECHNICAL DATA DIE STEELS Sumitomo Mitsubishi Steel Aichi Steel Kobe Steel, Daido Steel Nippon Hitachi Classification JIS (Others) Uddeholm Metal Manufacturing Works Ltd. Co., Ltd. Koshuha Metals, Ltd. Industries, Ltd. Co., Ltd. Carbon Steel for S50C AUK1 KTSM2A SD10 PDS1 KPM1 MT50C KTSM21 SD17 PXZ Machine Structure ─ S55C KTSM22 SD21 Alloy Steel for SCM440 AUK11 KTSM3A SD61 PDS3 KTSM31 ─ Machine Structure SCM445 HOLDAX Carbon Tool Steel SK3 SK3 YK3 K3 YC3 SKS3 SKS3 GOA KS3 SGT SKS31 GO31 K31 SKS93 SK301 YK30 K3M YCS3 SKD1 KD1 CRD SKD11 SKD11 KAD181 DC11 KD11 SLD SKD11 AUD11 DC3 KD11V SLD2 SKD11 KDQ SKD12 RIGOR DC12 KD12 SCD SX4 SX44 SX105V FH5 Alloy Tool Steel TCD (For Cold Working) DC53 KD21 SLD8 PD613 GO4 ACD37 GO5 HMD5 GO40F HPM2T YSM HPM31 HMD1 KDM5 HMD5 KD11S ACD6 ACD8 ACD9 (P20) IMPAX KTSM3M PX5 KPM30 HPM2 MT24M Alloy Tool Steel (P20) HPM7 (For Cold Working (P21) KTSM40EF NAK55 KAP HPM1 and Others) KTSM40E NAK80 KAP2 HPM50 GLD2 CENA1 SKD4 DH4 KD4 YDC SKD5 DH5 KD5 HDC SKD6 DH6 KD6 Over M SKD61 SKD61 Suprem DHA1 KDA DAC SKD61 MFA SKD62 SKD62 DH62 KDB DBC SKT4 GFA KTV DM SKD7 DH72 KDH1 YEM (H10) DH73 SKD8 DH41 KDF MDC QRO80M YHD40 DH71 DH42 DH21 KDW Alloy Tool Steel KDHM (For Hot Working) AE31 YEM4 TECHNICAL DATA YHD50 SKT4 SKT4A YHD26 6F4 MPH SKT4 DH31 KDA1 DAC3 KDA5 DAC10 DAC40 GF78 DAC45 DH76 DAC55 TD3 DH2F KDAS FDAC YHD3 MDC ─ K YEM ─ K Q032
- 33. Sumitomo Mitsubishi Steel Aichi Steel Kobe Steel, Daido Steel Nippon Hitachi Classification JIS (Others) Uddeholm Metal Manufacturing Works Ltd. Co., Ltd. Koshuha Metals, Ltd. Industries, Ltd. Co., Ltd. SKH51 MH51 H51 YXM1 SKH55 MH55 HM35 YXM4 SKH57 MH57 MV10 XVC5 MH8 NK4 YXM60 MH24 MH7V1 High-speed MH64 Tool Steel VH54 HV2 XVC11 HM3 YXM7 MH85 KDMV YXR3 MH88 HM9TL YXR4 YXR7 YXR35 ASP23 KHA32 DEX20 HAP10 ASP30 KHA30 DEX40 HAP40 KHA3VN DEX60 HAP50 Powder KHA30N DEX70 HAP63 High-speed Tool Steel KHA33N DEX80 HAP72 KHA50 KHA77 ASP60 KHA60 SUS403 GLD1 SUS420 STAVAX S─ STAR KSP1 HPM38 SUS440C ELMAX KAS440 SUS440C KSP3 (Powder) (Powder) Stainless Steel SUS420 SUS420 SUS630 NAK101 U630 PSL (414) Maraging Steel MAS1C KMS18─20 YAG DMG300 Heat Resistant Alloy HRNC ICD1 Forged Tool ICD5 TECHNICAL DATA Q033
- 34. TECHNICAL DATA SURFACE ROUGHNESS SURFACE ROUGHNESS (From JIS B 0601-1994) Type Code Determination Determination Example (Figure) Ra means the value obtained by the following formula and Y Mean Roughness expressed in micrometer (!m) when sampling only the m Arithmetical reference length from the roughness curve in the direction of the mean line, taking X-axis in the direction of mean line and Ra Y-axis in the direction of longitudinal magnification of this Ra X sampled part and the roughness curve is expressed by y=f(x): Rz shall be that only when the reference length is sampled from the roughness curve in the direction of the mean line, the Maximum Height distance between the top profile peak line and the bottom m profile valley line on this sampled portion is measured in the longitudinal magnification direction of roughness curve and Rz the obtained value is expressed in micrometer (!m). (Note) When finding Rz, a portion without an exceptionally high peak or low valley, which may be regarded as a flaw, is selected as the sampling length. RZJIS shall be that only when the reference length is sampled from the roughness curve in the direction of its mean line, the Ten-Point Mean Roughness sum of the average value of absolute values of the heights of m five highest profile peaks (Yp) and the depths of five deepest profile valleys (Yv) measured in the vertical magnification Yp3 Yp4 Yp1 Yp5 Yp2 direction from the mean line of this sampled portion and this sum is expressed in micrometer (!m). Yv2 Yv3 Yv1 Yv5 Yv4 RZJIS Yp1,Yp2,Yp3,Yp4,Yp5 : altitudes of the five highest profile peaks of the sampled portion corresponding to the reference length l. Yv1,Yv2,Yv3,Yv4,Yv5 : altitudes of the five deepest profile valleys of the sampled portion corresponding to the reference length l. y RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ARITHMETICAL MEAN (Ra) AND CONVENTIONAL DESIGNATION (REFERENCE DATA) Arithmetical Mean Roughness Max. Height Ten-Point Mean Roughness Sampling Length for Ra Rz RZJIS Conventional Rz • RZJIS Cutoff Value Finish Mark Standard Series Standard Series l (mm) "c (mm) 0.012a 0.08 0.05s 0.05z 0.08 0.025a 0.1 s 0.1 z 0.25 ]]]] 0.05 a 0.2 s 0.2 z 0.25 0.1 a 0.4 s 0.4 z 0.2 a 0.8 s 0.8 z 0.4 a 0.8 1.6 s 1.6 z 0.8 ]]] 0.8 a 3.2 s 3.2 z 1.6 a 6.3 s 6.3 z TECHNICAL DATA 3.2 a 12.5 s 12.5 z 2.5 ]] 6.3 a 25 s 25 z 2.5 12.5 a 50 s 50 z ] 25 a 8 100 s 100 z 8 50 a 200 s 200 z ─ 100 a ─ 400 s 400 z ─ *The The evaluation length of Rz and R is the cutoff value and sampling length multiplied by 5, respectively. correlation among the three is shown for convenience and is not exact. *Ra: ZJIS Q034
- 35. HARDNESS COMPARISON TABLE HARDNESS CONVERSION NUMBERS OF STEEL Brinell Hardness (HB) Brinell Hardness (HB) Rockwell Hardness Rockwell Hardness 10mm Ball,Load: 3,000 kgf Tensile 10mm Ball,Load: 3,000 kgf Tensile Hardness Hardness Hardness Hardness Vickers Vickers Shore Shore A Scale, B Scale, C Scale, D Scale, Strength A Scale, B Scale, C Scale, D Scale, Strength Load:60kgf, Load:100kgf, Load:150kgf, Load:100kgf, (Approx.) Load:60kgf, Load:100kgf, Load:150kgf, Load:100kgf, (Approx.) Standard Tungsten Diamond 1/16" Ball Diamond Diamond Standard Tungsten Diamond 1/16" Ball Diamond Diamond Ball Carbide Ball Point Point Point Ball Carbide Ball Point Point Point Mpa Mpa (HV) (HRA) (HRB) (HRC) (HRD) (HS) (HV) (HRA) (HRB) (HRC) (HRD) (HS) ─ ─ 940 85.6 ─ 68.0 76.9 97 ─ 429 429 455 73.4 ─ 45.7 59.7 61 1510 ─ ─ 920 85.3 ─ 67.5 76.5 96 ─ 415 415 440 72.8 ─ 44.5 58.8 59 1460 ─ ─ 900 85.0 ─ 67.0 76.1 95 ─ 401 401 425 72.0 ─ 43.1 57.8 58 1390 ─ (767) 880 84.7 ─ 66.4 75.7 93 ─ 388 388 410 71.4 ─ 41.8 56.8 56 1330 ─ (757) 860 84.4 ─ 65.9 75.3 92 ─ 375 375 396 70.6 ─ 40.4 55.7 54 1270 ─ (745) 840 84.1 ─ 65.3 74.8 91 ─ 363 363 383 70.0 ─ 39.1 54.6 52 1220 ─ (733) 820 83.8 ─ 64.7 74.3 90 ─ 352 352 372 69.3 (110.0) 37.9 53.8 51 1180 ─ (722) 800 83.4 ─ 64.0 73.8 88 ─ 341 341 360 68.7 (109.0) 36.6 52.8 50 1130 ─ (712) ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ 331 331 350 68.1 (108.5) 35.5 51.9 48 1095 ─ (710) 780 83.0 ─ 63.3 73.3 87 ─ 321 321 339 67.5 (108.0) 34.3 51.0 47 1060 ─ (698) 760 82.6 ─ 62.5 72.6 86 ─ 311 311 328 66.9 (107.5) 33.1 50.0 46 1025 ─ (684) 740 82.2 ─ 61.8 72.1 ─ ─ 302 302 319 66.3 (107.0) 32.1 49.3 45 1005 ─ (682) 737 82.2 ─ 61.7 72.0 84 ─ 293 293 309 65.7 (106.0) 30.9 48.3 43 970 ─ (670) 720 81.8 ─ 61.0 71.5 83 ─ (105.5) 285 285 301 65.3 29.9 47.6 ─ 950 ─ (656) 700 81.3 ─ 60.1 70.8 ─ ─ (104.5) 277 277 292 64.6 28.8 46.7 41 925 ─ (653) 697 81.2 ─ 60.0 70.7 81 ─ 269 269 284 64.1 (104.0) 27.6 45.9 40 895 ─ (647) 690 81.1 ─ 59.7 70.5 ─ ─ 262 262 276 63.6 (103.0) 26.6 45.0 39 875 ─ (638) 680 80.8 ─ 59.2 70.1 80 ─ 255 255 269 63.0 (102.0) 25.4 44.2 38 850 ─ 630 670 80.6 ─ 58.8 69.8 ─ ─ (101.0) 248 248 261 62.5 24.2 43.2 37 825 ─ 627 667 80.5 ─ 58.7 69.7 79 ─ 241 241 253 61.8 100 22.8 42.0 36 800 ─ ─ 677 80.7 ─ 59.1 70.0 ─ ─ 235 235 247 61.4 99.0 21.7 41.4 35 785 ─ 601 640 79.8 ─ 57.3 68.7 77 ─ 229 229 241 60.8 98.2 20.5 40.5 34 765 223 223 234 ─ 97.3 (18.8) ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ 640 79.8 ─ 57.3 68.7 ─ ─ 217 217 228 ─ 96.4 (17.5) ─ 33 725 ─ 578 615 79.1 ─ 56.0 67.7 75 ─ 212 212 222 ─ 95.5 (16.0) ─ ─ 705 ─ ─ 607 78.8 ─ 55.6 67.4 ─ ─ 207 207 218 ─ 94.6 (15.2) ─ 32 690 ─ 555 591 78.4 ─ 54.7 66.7 73 2055 201 201 212 ─ 93.8 (13.8) ─ 31 675 197 197 207 ─ 92.8 (12.7) ─ 30 655 ─ ─ 579 78.0 ─ 54.0 66.1 ─ 2015 192 192 202 ─ 91.9 (11.5) ─ 29 640 ─ 534 569 77.8 ─ 53.5 65.8 71 1985 187 187 196 ─ 90.7 (10.0) ─ ─ 620 ─ ─ 533 77.1 ─ 52.5 65.0 ─ 1915 ─ 514 547 76.9 ─ 52.1 64.7 70 1890 183 183 192 ─ 90.0 (9.0) ─ 28 615 179 179 188 ─ 89.0 (8.0) ─ 27 600 (495) ─ 539 76.7 ─ 51.6 64.3 ─ 1855 174 174 182 ─ 87.8 (6.4) ─ ─ 585 ─ ─ 530 76.4 ─ 51.1 63.9 ─ 1825 170 170 178 ─ 86.8 (5.4) ─ 26 570 495 528 76.3 ─ 51.0 63.8 68 1820 167 167 175 ─ 86.0 (4.4) ─ ─ 560 (3.3) TECHNICAL DATA (477) ─ 516 75.9 ─ 50.3 63.2 ─ 1780 163 163 171 ─ 85.0 ─ 25 545 ─ ─ 508 75.6 ─ 49.6 62.7 ─ 1740 156 156 163 ─ 82.9 (0.9) ─ ─ 525 477 508 75.6 ─ 49.6 62.7 66 1740 149 149 156 ─ 80.8 ─ ─ 23 505 143 143 150 ─ 78.7 ─ ─ 22 490 (461) ─ 495 75.1 ─ 48.8 61.9 ─ 1680 137 137 143 ─ 76.4 ─ ─ 21 460 ─ ─ 491 74.9 ─ 48.5 61.7 ─ 1670 461 491 74.9 ─ 48.5 61.7 65 1670 131 131 137 ─ 74.0 ─ ─ ─ 450 126 126 132 ─ 72.0 ─ ─ 20 435 444 ─ 474 74.3 ─ 47.2 61.0 ─ 1595 121 121 127 ─ 69.8 ─ ─ 19 415 ─ ─ 472 74.2 ─ 47.1 60.8 ─ 1585 116 116 122 ─ 67.6 ─ ─ 18 400 ─ 444 472 74.2 ─ 47.1 60.8 63 1585 111 111 117 ─ 65.7 ─ ─ 15 385 (Note 1) Above list is the same as that at AMS Metals Hand book with tensile strength in approximate metric value and Brinell hardness over a recommended range. (Note 2) 1MPa=1N/mm2 (Note 3) Figures in ( ) are rarely used and are included for reference. This list has been taken from JIS Handbook Steel I. Q035
- 36. TECHNICAL DATA FIT TOLERANCE TABLE (HOLE) Classification of Standard Class of Geometrical Tolerance Zone of Holes Dimensions (mm) > ≦ B10 C9 C10 D8 D9 D10 E7 E8 E9 F6 F7 F8 G6 G7 H6 H7 +180 +85 +100 +34 +45 +60 +24 +28 +39 +12 +16 +20 +8 +12 +6 +10 ─ 3 +140 +60 +60 +20 +20 +20 +14 +14 +14 +6 +6 +6 +2 +2 0 0 +188 +100 +118 +48 +60 +78 +32 +38 +50 +18 +22 +28 +12 +16 +8 +12 3 6 +140 +70 +70 +30 +30 +30 +20 +20 +20 +10 +10 +10 +4 +4 0 0 +208 +116 +138 +62 +76 +98 +40 +47 +61 +22 +28 +35 +14 +20 +9 +15 6 10 +150 +80 +80 +40 +40 +40 +25 +25 +25 +13 +13 +13 +5 +5 0 0 10 14 +220 +138 +165 +77 +93 +120 +50 +59 +75 +27 +34 +43 +17 +24 +11 +18 +150 +95 +95 +50 +50 +50 +32 +32 +32 +16 +16 +16 +6 +6 0 0 14 18 18 24 +244 +162 +194 +98 +117 +149 +61 +73 +92 +33 +41 +53 +20 +28 +13 +21 +160 +110 +110 +65 +65 +65 +40 +40 +40 +20 +20 +20 +7 +7 0 0 24 30 +270 +182 +220 30 40 +170 +120 +120 +119 +142 +180 +75 +89 +112 +41 +50 +64 +25 +34 +16 +25 +280 +192 +230 +80 +80 +80 +50 +50 +50 +25 +25 +25 +9 +9 0 0 40 50 +180 +130 +130 +310 +214 +260 50 65 +190 +140 +140 +146 +174 +220 +90 +106 +134 +49 +60 +76 +29 +40 +19 +30 +320 +224 +270 +100 +100 +100 +60 +60 +60 +30 +30 +30 +10 +10 0 0 65 80 +200 +150 +150 +360 +257 +310 80 100 +220 +170 +170 +174 +207 +260 +107 +126 +159 +58 +71 +90 +34 +47 +22 +35 +380 +267 +320 +120 +120 +120 +72 +72 +72 +36 +36 +36 +12 +12 0 0 100 120 +240 +180 +180 +420 +300 +360 120 140 +260 +200 +200 +440 +310 +370 +208 +245 +305 +125 +148 +185 +68 +83 +106 +39 +54 +25 +40 140 160 +280 +210 +210 +145 +145 +145 +85 +85 +85 +43 +43 +43 +14 +14 0 0 +470 +330 +390 160 180 +310 +230 +230 +525 +355 +425 180 200 +340 +240 +240 +565 +375 +445 +242 +285 +355 +146 +172 +215 +79 +96 +122 +44 +61 +29 +46 200 225 +380 +260 +260 +170 +170 +170 +100 +100 +100 +50 +50 +50 +15 +15 0 0 +605 +395 +465 225 250 +420 +280 +280 +690 +430 +510 250 280 +480 +300 +300 +271 +320 +400 +162 +191 +240 +88 +108 +137 +49 +69 +32 +52 TECHNICAL DATA +750 +460 +540 +190 +190 +190 +110 +110 +110 +56 +56 +56 +17 +17 0 0 280 315 +540 +330 +330 +830 +500 +590 315 355 +600 +360 +360 +299 +350 +440 +182 +214 +265 +98 +119 +151 +54 +75 +36 +57 +910 +540 +630 +210 +210 +210 +125 +125 +125 +62 +62 +62 +18 +18 0 0 355 400 +680 +400 +400 +1010 +595 +690 400 450 +760 +440 +440 +327 +385 +480 +198 +232 +290 +108 +131 +165 +60 +83 +40 +63 +1090 +635 +730 +230 +230 +230 +135 +135 +135 +68 +68 +68 +20 +20 0 0 450 500 +840 +480 +480 (Note) Values shown in the upper portion of respective lines are upper dimensional tolerance, while values shown in the lower portion of respective lines are lower dimensional tolerance. Q036
- 37. Units : !m Class of Geometrical Tolerance Zone of Holes H8 H9 H10 JS6 JS7 K6 K7 M6 M7 N6 N7 P6 P7 R7 S7 T7 U7 X7 +14 +25 +40 0 0 ─2 ─2 ─4 ─4 ─6 ─6 ─10 ─14 ─18 ─20 e3 e5 ─ 0 0 0 ─6 ─10 ─8 ─12 ─10 ─14 ─12 ─16 ─20 ─24 ─28 ─30 +18 +30 +48 +2 +3 ─1 0 ─5 ─4 ─9 ─8 ─11 ─15 ─19 ─24 e4 e6 ─ 0 0 0 ─6 ─9 ─9 ─12 ─13 ─16 ─17 ─20 ─23 ─27 ─31 ─36 +22 +36 +58 +2 +5 ─3 0 ─7 ─4 ─12 ─9 ─13 ─17 ─22 ─28 e4.5 e7 ─ 0 0 0 ─7 ─10 ─12 ─15 ─16 ─19 ─21 ─24 ─28 ─32 ─37 ─ 43 ─33 +27 +43 +70 +2 +6 ─4 0 ─9 ─5 ─15 ─11 ─16 ─21 ─26 ─ 51 e5.5 e9 ─ 0 0 0 ─9 ─12 ─15 ─18 ─20 ─23 ─26 ─29 ─34 ─39 ─ 44 ─38 ─ 56 ─33 ─ 46 ─ +33 +52 +84 +2 +6 ─4 0 ─11 ─7 ─18 ─14 ─20 ─27 ─ 54 ─ 67 e6.5 e10 0 0 0 ─11 ─15 ─17 ─21 ─24 ─28 ─31 ─35 ─ 41 ─ 48 ─33 ─ 40 ─ 56 ─ 54 ─ 61 ─77 ─39 ─ 51 +39 +62 +100 +3 +7 ─4 0 ─12 ─8 ─21 ─17 ─25 ─34 ─ 64 ─76 e8 e12 ─ 0 0 0 ─13 ─18 ─20 ─25 ─28 ─33 ─37 ─ 42 ─ 50 ─ 59 ─ 45 ─ 61 ─70 ─ 86 ─30 ─ 42 ─ 55 ─76 +46 +74 +120 +4 +9 ─5 0 ─14 ─9 ─26 ─21 ─ 60 ─72 ─ 85 ─106 e9.5 e15 ─ 0 0 0 ─15 ─21 ─24 ─30 ─33 ─39 ─ 45 ─ 51 ─32 ─ 48 ─ 64 ─ 91 ─ 62 ─78 ─ 94 ─121 ─38 ─ 58 ─78 ─111 +54 +87 +140 +4 +10 ─6 0 ─16 ─10 ─30 ─24 ─73 ─ 93 ─113 ─146 e11 e17 ─ 0 0 0 ─18 ─25 ─28 ─35 ─38 ─ 45 ─ 52 ─ 59 ─ 41 ─ 66 ─ 91 ─131 ─76 ─101 ─126 ─166 ─ 48 ─77 ─107 ─ 88 ─117 ─147 +63 +100 +160 +4 +12 ─8 0 ─20 ─12 ─36 ─28 ─ 50 ─ 85 ─119 e12.5 e20 ─ ─ 0 0 0 ─21 ─28 ─33 ─ 40 ─ 45 ─ 52 ─ 61 ─ 68 ─ 90 ─125 ─159 ─ 53 ─ 93 ─131 ─ 93 ─133 ─171 ─ 60 ─105 ─106 ─151 +72 +115 +185 +5 +13 ─8 0 ─22 ─14 ─ 41 ─33 ─ 63 ─113 e14.5 e23 ─ ─ ─ 0 0 0 ─24 ─33 ─37 ─ 46 ─ 51 ─ 60 ─70 ─79 ─109 ─159 ─ 67 ─123 ─113 ─169 ─74 +81 +130 +210 +5 +16 ─9 0 ─25 ─14 ─ 47 ─36 ─126 e16 e26 ─ ─ ─ ─ TECHNICAL DATA 0 0 0 ─27 ─36 ─ 41 ─ 52 ─ 57 ─ 66 ─79 ─ 88 ─78 ─130 ─ 87 +89 +140 +230 +7 +17 ─10 0 ─26 ─16 ─ 51 ─ 41 ─144 e18 e28 ─ ─ ─ ─ 0 0 0 ─29 ─ 40 ─ 46 ─ 57 ─ 62 ─73 ─ 87 ─ 98 ─ 93 ─150 ─103 +97 +155 +250 +8 +18 ─10 0 ─27 ─17 ─ 55 ─ 45 ─166 e20 e31 ─ ─ ─ ─ 0 0 0 ─32 ─ 45 ─ 50 ─ 63 ─ 67 ─ 80 ─ 95 ─108 ─109 ─172 Q037
- 38. TECHNICAL DATA FIT TOLERANCE TABLE (SHAFTS) Classification of Standard Class of Geometrical Tolerance Zone of Shafts Dimensions (mm) > ≦ b9 c9 d8 d9 e7 e8 e9 f6 f7 f8 g5 g6 h5 h6 h7 ─140 ─ 60 ─20 ─20 ─14 ─14 ─14 ─6 ─6 ─6 ─2 ─2 0 0 0 ─ 3 ─165 ─ 85 ─34 ─ 45 ─24 ─28 ─39 ─12 ─16 ─20 ─6 ─8 ─4 ─6 ─10 ─140 ─70 ─30 ─30 ─20 ─20 ─20 ─10 ─10 ─10 ─4 ─4 0 0 0 3 6 ─170 ─100 ─ 48 ─ 60 ─32 ─38 ─ 50 ─18 ─22 ─28 ─9 ─12 ─5 ─8 ─12 ─150 ─ 80 ─ 40 ─ 40 ─25 ─25 ─25 ─13 ─13 ─13 ─5 ─5 0 0 0 6 10 ─186 ─116 ─ 62 ─76 ─ 40 ─ 47 ─ 61 ─22 ─28 ─35 ─11 ─14 ─6 ─9 ─15 10 14 ─150 ─ 95 ─ 50 ─ 50 ─32 ─32 ─32 ─16 ─16 ─16 ─6 ─6 0 0 0 ─193 ─138 ─77 ─ 93 ─ 50 ─ 59 ─75 ─27 ─34 ─ 43 ─14 ─17 ─8 ─11 ─18 14 18 18 24 ─160 ─110 ─ 65 ─ 65 ─ 40 ─ 40 ─ 40 ─20 ─20 ─20 ─7 ─7 0 0 0 ─212 ─162 ─ 98 ─117 ─ 61 ─73 ─ 92 ─33 ─ 41 ─ 53 ─16 ─20 ─9 ─13 ─21 24 30 ─170 ─120 30 40 ─232 ─182 ─ 80 ─ 80 ─ 50 ─ 50 ─ 50 ─25 ─25 ─25 ─9 ─9 0 0 0 ─180 ─130 ─119 ─142 ─75 ─ 89 ─112 ─ 41 ─ 50 ─ 64 ─20 ─25 ─11 ─16 ─25 40 50 ─242 ─192 ─190 ─140 50 65 ─264 ─214 ─100 ─100 ─ 60 ─ 60 ─ 60 ─30 ─30 ─30 ─10 ─10 0 0 0 ─200 ─150 ─146 ─174 ─ 90 ─106 ─134 ─ 49 ─ 60 ─76 ─23 ─29 ─13 ─19 ─30 65 80 ─274 ─224 ─220 ─170 80 100 ─307 ─257 ─120 ─120 ─72 ─72 ─72 ─36 ─36 ─36 ─12 ─12 0 0 0 ─240 ─180 ─174 ─207 ─107 ─126 ─159 ─ 58 ─71 ─ 90 ─27 ─34 ─15 ─22 ─35 100 120 ─327 ─267 ─260 ─200 120 140 ─360 ─300 ─280 ─210 ─145 ─145 ─ 85 ─ 85 ─ 85 ─ 43 ─ 43 ─ 43 ─14 ─14 0 0 0 140 160 ─380 ─310 ─208 ─245 ─125 ─148 ─185 ─ 68 ─ 83 ─106 ─32 ─39 ─18 ─25 ─ 40 ─310 ─230 160 180 ─ 410 ─330 ─340 ─240 180 200 ─ 455 ─355 ─380 ─260 ─170 ─170 ─100 ─100 ─100 ─ 50 ─ 50 ─ 50 ─15 ─15 0 0 0 200 225 ─ 495 ─375 ─242 ─285 ─146 ─172 ─215 ─79 ─ 96 ─122 ─35 ─ 44 ─20 ─29 ─ 46 ─ 420 ─280 225 250 ─ 535 ─395 ─ 480 ─300 250 280 ─ 610 ─ 430 ─190 ─190 ─110 ─110 ─110 ─ 56 ─ 56 ─ 56 ─17 ─17 0 0 0 TECHNICAL DATA ─ 540 ─330 ─271 ─320 ─162 ─191 ─240 ─ 88 ─108 ─137 ─ 40 ─ 49 ─23 ─32 ─ 52 280 315 ─ 670 ─ 460 ─ 600 ─360 315 355 ─740 ─ 500 ─210 ─210 ─125 ─125 ─125 ─ 62 ─ 62 ─ 62 ─18 ─18 0 0 0 ─ 680 ─ 400 ─299 ─350 ─182 ─214 ─265 ─ 98 ─119 ─151 ─ 43 ─ 54 ─25 ─36 ─ 57 355 400 ─ 820 ─ 540 ─760 ─ 440 400 450 ─ 915 ─ 595 ─230 ─230 ─135 ─135 ─135 ─ 68 ─ 68 ─ 68 ─20 ─20 0 0 0 ─ 840 ─ 480 ─327 ─385 ─198 ─232 ─290 ─108 ─131 ─165 ─ 47 ─ 60 ─27 ─ 40 ─ 63 450 500 ─ 995 ─ 635 (Note) Values shown in the upper portion of respective lines are upper dimensional tolerance, while values shown in the lower portion of respective lines are lower dimensional tolerance. Q038
- 39. Units : !m Class of Geometrical Tolerance Zone of Shafts h8 h9 js5 js6 js7 k5 k6 m5 m6 n6 p6 r6 s6 t6 u6 x6 0 0 +4 +6 +6 +8 +10 +12 +16 +20 +24 +26 e2 e3 e5 ─ ─14 ─25 0 0 +2 +2 +4 +6 +10 +14 +18 +20 0 0 +6 +9 +9 +12 +16 +20 +23 +27 +31 +36 e2.5 e4 e6 ─ ─18 ─30 +1 +1 +4 +4 +8 +12 +15 +19 +23 +28 0 0 +7 +10 +12 +15 +19 +24 +28 +32 +37 +43 e3 e4.5 e7 ─ ─22 ─36 +1 +1 +6 +6 +10 +15 +19 +23 +28 +34 +51 0 0 +9 +12 +15 +18 +23 +29 +34 +39 +44 +40 e4 e5.5 e9 ─ ─27 ─ 43 +1 +1 +7 +7 +12 +18 +23 +28 +33 +56 +45 +54 +67 ─ 0 0 +11 +15 +17 +21 +28 +35 +41 +48 +41 +54 e4.5 e6.5 e10 ─33 ─ 52 +2 +2 +8 +8 +15 +22 +28 +35 +54 +61 +77 +41 +48 +64 +64 +76 0 0 +13 +18 +20 +25 +33 +42 +50 +59 +48 +60 e5.5 e8 e12 ─ ─39 ─ 62 +2 +2 +9 +9 +17 +26 +34 +43 +70 +86 +54 +70 +60 +72 +85 +106 0 0 +15 +21 +24 +30 +39 +51 +41 +53 +66 +87 e6.5 e9.5 e15 ─ ─ 46 ─74 +2 +2 +11 +11 +20 +32 +62 +78 +94 +121 +43 +59 +75 +102 +73 +93 +113 +146 0 0 +18 +25 +28 +35 +45 +59 +51 +71 +91 +124 e7.5 e11 e17 ─ ─ 54 ─ 87 +3 +3 +13 +13 +23 +37 +76 +101 +126 +166 +54 +79 +104 +144 +88 +117 +147 +63 +92 +122 0 0 +21 +28 +33 +40 +52 +68 +90 +125 +159 e9 e12.5 e20 ─ ─ ─ 63 ─100 +3 +3 +15 +15 +27 +43 +65 +100 +134 +93 +133 +171 +68 +108 +146 +106 +151 +77 +122 0 0 +24 +33 +37 +46 +60 +79 +109 +159 e10 e14.5 e23 ─ ─ ─ ─72 ─115 +4 +4 +17 +17 +31 +50 +80 +130 +113 +169 +84 +140 +126 0 0 +27 +36 +43 +52 +66 +88 +94 e11.5 e16 e26 ─ ─ ─ ─ TECHNICAL DATA ─ 81 ─130 +4 +4 +20 +20 +34 +56 +130 +98 +144 0 0 +29 +40 +46 +57 +73 +98 +108 e12.5 e18 e28 ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ 89 ─140 +4 +4 +21 +21 +37 +62 +150 +114 +166 0 0 +32 +45 +50 +63 +80 +108 +126 e13.5 e20 e31 ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ 97 ─155 +5 +5 +23 +23 +40 +68 +172 +132 Q039
- 40. TECHNICAL DATA DRILL DIAMETERS FOR PREPARED HOLES a Metric Coarse Screw a Metric Fine Screw Thread Thread Drill Diameter Drill Diameter Drill Diameter Drill Diameter Nominal Nominal Nominal Nominal HSS Carbide HSS Carbide HSS Carbide HSS Carbide M1 ×0.25 0.75 0.75 M1 ×0.2 0.80 0.80 M20 ×2.0 18.0 18.3 M42 ×3.0 39.0 ─ M1.1 ×0.25 0.85 0.85 M1.1×0.2 0.90 0.90 M20 ×1.5 18.5 18.7 M42 ×2.0 40.0 ─ M1.2 ×0.25 0.95 0.95 M1.2×0.2 1.00 1.00 M20 ×1.0 19.0 19.1 M42 ×1.5 40.5 ─ M1.4 ×0.3 1.10 1.10 M1.4×0.2 1.20 1.20 M22 ×2.0 20.0 ─ M45 ×4.0 41.0 ─ M1.6 ×0.35 1.25 1.30 M1.6×0.2 1.40 1.40 M22 ×1.5 20.5 ─ M45 ×3.0 42.0 ─ M1.7 ×0.35 1.35 1.40 M1.8×0.2 1.60 1.60 M22 ×1.0 21.0 ─ M45 ×2.0 43.0 ─ M1.8 ×0.35 1.45 1.50 M2 ×0.25 1.75 1.75 M24 ×2.0 22.0 ─ M45 ×1.5 43.5 ─ M2 ×0.4 1.60 1.65 M2.2×0.25 1.95 2.00 M24 ×1.5 22.5 ─ M48 ×4.0 44.0 ─ M2.2 ×0.45 1.75 1.80 M2.5×0.35 2.20 2.20 M24 ×1.0 23.0 ─ M48 ×3.0 45.0 ─ M2.3 ×0.4 1.90 1.95 M3 ×0.35 2.70 2.70 M25 ×2.0 23.0 ─ M48 ×2.0 46.0 ─ M2.5 ×0.45 2.10 2.15 M3.5×0.35 3.20 3.20 M25 ×1.5 23.5 ─ M48 ×1.5 46.5 ─ M2.6 ×0.45 2.15 2.20 M4 ×0.5 3.50 3.55 M25 ×1.0 24.0 ─ M50 ×3.0 47.0 ─ M3 ×0.5 2.50 2.55 M4.5×0.5 4.00 4.05 M26 ×1.5 24.5 ─ M50 ×2.0 48.0 ─ M3.5 ×0.6 2.90 2.95 M5 ×0.5 4.50 4.55 M27 ×2.0 25.0 ─ M50 ×1.5 48.5 ─ M4 ×0.7 3.3 3.4 M5.5×0.5 5.00 5.05 M27 ×1.5 25.5 ─ M4.5 ×0.75 3.8 3.9 M6 ×0.75 5.30 5.35 M27 ×1.0 26.0 ─ M5 ×0.8 4.2 4.3 M7 ×0.75 6.30 6.35 M28 ×2.0 26.0 ─ M6 ×1.0 5.0 5.1 M8 ×1.0 7.00 7.10 M28 ×1.5 26.5 ─ M7 ×1.0 6.0 6.1 M8 ×0.75 7.30 7.35 M28 ×1.0 27.0 ─ M8 ×1.25 6.8 6.9 M9 ×1.0 8.00 8.10 M30 ×3.0 27.0 ─ M9 ×1.25 7.8 7.9 M9 ×0.75 8.30 8.35 M30 ×2.0 28.0 ─ M10 ×1.5 8.5 8.7 M10 ×1.25 8.80 8.90 M30 ×1.5 28.5 ─ M11 ×1.5 9.5 9.7 M10 ×1.0 9.00 9.10 M30 ×1.0 29.0 ─ M12 ×1.75 10.3 10.5 M10 ×0.75 9.30 9.35 M32 ×2.0 30.0 ─ M14 ×2.0 12.0 12.2 M11 ×1.0 10.0 10.1 M32 ×1.5 30.5 ─ M16 ×2.0 14.0 14.2 M11 ×0.75 10.3 10.3 M33 ×3.0 30.0 ─ M18 ×2.5 15.5 15.7 M12 ×1.5 10.5 10.7 M33 ×2.0 31.0 ─ M20 ×2.5 17.5 17.7 M12 ×1.25 10.8 10.9 M33 ×1.5 31.5 ─ M22 ×2.5 19.5 19.7 M12 ×1.0 11.0 11.1 M35 ×1.5 33.5 ─ M24 ×3.0 21.0 ─ M14 ×1.5 12.5 12.7 M36 ×3.0 33.0 ─ M27 ×3.0 24.0 ─ M14 ×1.0 13.0 13.1 M36 ×2.0 34.0 ─ M30 ×3.5 26.5 ─ M15 ×1.5 13.5 13.7 M36 ×1.5 34.5 ─ M33 ×3.5 29.5 ─ M15 ×1.0 14.0 14.1 M38 ×1.5 36.5 ─ M36 ×4.0 32.0 ─ M16 ×1.5 14.5 14.7 M39 ×3.0 36.0 ─ TECHNICAL DATA M39 ×4.0 35.0 ─ M16 ×1.0 15.0 15.1 M39 ×2.0 37.0 ─ M42 ×4.5 37.5 ─ M17 ×1.5 15.5 15.7 M39 ×1.5 37.5 ─ M45 ×4.5 40.5 ─ M17 ×1.0 16.0 16.1 M40 ×3.0 37.0 ─ M48 ×5.0 43.0 ─ M18 ×2.0 16.0 16.3 M40 ×2.0 38.0 ─ M18 ×1.5 16.5 16.7 M40 ×1.5 38.5 ─ M18 ×1.0 17.0 17.1 M42 ×4.0 38.0 ─ (Note) When using the drill diameters shown in this table, that the processed hole should be measured since the size accuracy of a drill hole may change due to the drilling condition, and that if found to be inappropriate for a prepared hole, the drill diameter must be corrected accordingly. Q040
- 41. HEXAGON SOCKET HEAD BOLT HOLE SIZE øD' DIMENSIONS OF COUNTERBORING FOR HEXAGON SOCKET HEAD CAP SCREW AND BOLT HOLE Unit : mm øD Nominal H" dimensions M3 M4 M5 M6 M8 M10 M12 M14 M16 M18 M20 M22 M24 M27 M30 H of thread d ød' d1 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 27 30 d' 3.4 4.5 5.5 6.6 9 11 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 30 33 d ød1 D 5.5 7 8.5 10 13 16 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 40 45 D' 6.5 8 9.5 11 14 17.5 20 23 26 29 32 35 39 43 48 H 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 27 30 H' 2.7 3.6 4.6 5.5 7.4 9.2 11 12.8 14.5 16.5 18.5 20.5 22.5 25 28 øD' øD H" 3.3 4.4 5.4 6.5 8.6 10.8 13 15.2 17.5 19.5 21.5 23.5 25.5 29 32 H H' ød' ød1 d TECHNICAL DATA Q041
- 42. TECHNICAL DATA TAPER STANDARD t5 l3 Fig.1 L t1 Fig.2 Taper 7/24 Bolt Grip Taper National Taper l2 l4 øD1 ød3 ød1 øD2 øD1 øD2 60° ød1 ød3 60° (ød5) l1 Taper 7/24 t2 t3 l2 l5 aTable 1 Bearing Number D1 D2 t1 t2 t3 t5 d1 d3 L g d5 BT35 53 43 20 10 13.0 2 38.1 13 56.5 M12×1.75 21.62 BT40 63 53 25 10 16.6 2 44.45 17 65.4 M16×2 25.3 BT45 85 73 30 12 21.2 3 57.15 21 82.8 M20×25 33.1 BT50 100 85 35 15 23.2 3 69.85 25 101.8 M24×3 40.1 BT60 155 135 45 20 28.2 3 107.95 31 161.8 M30×3.5 60.7 a Table 2 g NT Number D1 d1 l l1 Metric Wit l2 l3 d3 l4 D2 l5 Screw Screw 30 31.75 17.4 70 50 M12 W 1/2 24 50 16.5 6 50 8 40 44.45 25.3 95 67 M16 W 5/8 30 70 24 7 63 10 50 69.85 39.6 130 105 M24 W 1 45 90 38 11 100 13 60 107.95 60.2 210 165 M30 W11/4 56 110 58 12 170 15 Fig.3 Fig.4 ød1 øD K b MTNo. øD1 d° Morse Taper R Morse Taper e øD ød (Shank with Tongue) (Shank with Screw) ød1 l1 a MTNo. 60° l2 øD1 d° c r t d2 ød2 r l1 a l2 8°18′ a Table 3 Shank with Tongue Morse Taper Number D a D1 d1 d2 l1 l2 b c e R r 0 9.045 3 9.201 6.104 6 56.5 59.5 3.9 6.5 10.5 4 1 1 12.065 3.5 12.240 8.972 8.7 62.0 65.5 5.2 8.5 13.5 5 1.2 2 17.780 5 18.030 14.034 13.5 75.0 80.0 6.3 10 16 6 1.6 3 23.825 5 24.076 19.107 18.5 94.0 99 7.9 13 20 7 2 4 31.267 6.5 31.605 25.164 24.5 117.5 124 11.9 16 24 8 2.5 5 44.399 6.5 44.741 36.531 35.7 149.5 156 15.9 19 29 10 3 6 63.348 8 63.765 52.399 51.0 210.0 218 19 27 40 13 4 7 83.058 10 83.578 68.185 66.8 286.0 296 28.6 35 54 19 5 a Table 4 Shank with Screw Morse Taper TECHNICAL DATA Number D a D1 d d1 l1 l2 t r d2 K 0 9.045 3 9.201 6.442 6 50 53 4 0.2 ─ ─ 1 12.065 3.5 12.240 9.396 9 53.5 57 5 0.2 M6 16 2 17.780 5 18.030 14.583 14 64 69 5 0.2 M10 24 3 23.825 5 24.076 19.759 19 81 86 7 0.6 M12 28 4 31.267 6.5 31.605 25.943 25 102.5 109 9 1.0 M16 32 5 44.399 6.5 44.741 37.584 35.7 129.5 136 9 2.5 M20 40 6 63.348 8 63.765 53.859 51 182 190 12 4.0 M24 50 7 83.058 10 83.578 70.052 65 250 260 18.5 5.0 M33 80 Q042
- 43. INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS y UNIT CONVERSION TABLE for EASIER CHANGE into SI UNITS (Bold type Indicates SI unit) a Pressure Pa kPa MPa bar kgf/cm2 atm mmH2O mmHg or Torr 1 1×10-3 1×10-6 1×10-5 1.01972×10-5 9.86923×10-6 1.01972×10-1 7.50062×10-3 1×103 1 1×10-3 1×10-2 1.01972×10-2 9.86923×10-3 1.01972×102 7.50062 1×106 1×103 1 1×10 1.01972×10 9.86923 1.01972×105 7.50062×103 1×105 1×102 1×10-1 1 1.01972 9.86923×10-1 1.01972×104 7.50062×102 9.80665×104 9.80665×10 9.80665×10-2 9.80665×10-1 1 9.67841×10-1 1×104 7.35559×102 1.01325×105 1.01325×102 1.01325×10-1 1.01325 1.03323 1 1.03323×104 7.60000×102 9.80665 9.80665×10-3 9.80665×10-6 9.80665×10-5 1×10-4 9.67841×10-5 1 7.35559×10-2 1.33322×102 1.33322×10-1 1.33322×10-4 1.33322×10-3 1.35951×10-3 1.31579×10-3 1.35951×10 1 2 (Note) 1Pa=1N/m aForce a Stress N dyn kgf Pa MPa or N/mm2 kgf/mm2 kgf/cm2 1 1×105 1.01972×10-1 1 1×10-6 1.01972×10-7 1.01972×10-5 1×10-5 1 1.01972×10-6 1×106 1 1.01972×10-1 1.01972×10 9.80665 9.80665×105 1 9.80665×106 9.80665 1 1×102 9.80665×104 9.80665×10-2 1×10-2 1 (Note) 1Pa=1N/m2 a Work / Energy / Quantity of Heat a Power (Rate of Production / Motive Power) /Heat Flow Rate J kW • h kgf • m kcal W kgf • m/s PS kcal/h 1 2.77778×10-7 1.01972×10-1 2.38889×10-4 1 1.01972×10-1 1.35962×10-3 8.6000 ×10-1 3.600 ×106 1 3.67098×105 8.6000 ×102 9.80665 1 1.33333×10-2 8.43371 9.80665 2.72407×10-6 1 2.34270×10-3 7.355 ×102 7.5 ×10 1 6.32529×102 4.18605×103 1.16279×10-3 4.26858×102 1 1.16279 1.18572×10-1 1.58095×10-3 1 (Note) 1J=1W • s, 1J=1N • m (Note) 1W=1J/s, PS:French horse power 1cal=4.18605J 1PS=0.7355kW (By the law of weights and measures) (By the enforcement act for the law of weights and measures) 1cal=4.18605J TECHNICAL DATA Q043
- 44. TECHNICAL DATA TOOL WEAR AND DAMAGE CAUSES AND COUNTERMEASURES Tool Damage Form Cause Countermeasure • Tool grade is too soft. • Tool grade with high wear resistance. Flank Wear • Cutting speed is too high. • Lower cutting speed. • Flank angle is too small. • Increase flank angle. • Feed rate is extremely low. • Increase feed rate. • Tool grade is too soft. • Tool grade with high wear resistance. Crater Wear • Cutting speed is too high. • Lower cutting speed. • Feed rate is too high. • Lower feed rate. • Tool grade is too hard. • Tool grade with high toughness. • Feed rate is too high. • Lower feed rate. Chipping • Lack of cutting edge strength. • Increase honing. (Round honing is to be changed to chamfer honing.) • Lack of shank or holder rigidity • Use large shank size. • Tool grade is too hard. • Tool grade with high toughness. • Feed rate is too high. • Lower feed rate. • Lack of cutting edge strength. • Increase honing. Fracture (Round honing is to be changed to chamfer honing.) • Lack of shank or holder rigidity. • Use large shank size. • Tool grade is too soft. • Tool grade with high wear resistance. • Cutting speed is too high. • Lower cutting speed. Plastic • Depth of cut and feed rate are • Decrease depth of cut and feed rate. Deformation too large. • Cutting temperature is high. • Tool grade with high thermal conductivity. • Cutting speed is low. • Increase cutting speed. (For JIS S45C, cutting speed 80m/min.) Welding • Poor sharpness. • Increase rake angle. • Unsuitable grade. • Tool grade with low affinity. (Coated grade, cermet grade) • Expansion or shrinkage due to • Dry cutting. cutting heat. (For wet cutting, flood workpiece Thermal with cutting fluid) Cracks • Tool grade is too hard. • Tool grade with high toughness. * Especially in milling. • Hard surfaces such as uncut • Tool grade with high wear surface, chilled parts and resistance. Notching machining hardened layer. • Friction caused by jagged shape • Increase rake angle to improve chips. (Caused by small vibration) sharpness. • Cutting edge welding and • Increase rake angle to improve adhesion. sharpness. Flaking • Poor chip disposal. • Enlarge chip pocket. TECHNICAL DATA • Damage due to the lack of • Increase honing. Flank Wear strength of a curved cutting edge. • Tool grade with high toughness. Fracture *Damage for polycrystallines Crater Wear • Tool grade is too soft. • Decrease honing. • Cutting resistance is too high • Tool grade with high wear Fracture and causes high cutting heat. resistance. *Damage for polycrystallines Q044
- 45. CUTTING TOOL MATERIALS The table below shows the relationship between various tool materials, in relation with hardness on a vertical axis and toughness on a horizontal axis. Today, cemented carbide, coated carbide and TiC-TiN-based cermet are key tool materials in the market. This is because they have the best balance of hardness and toughness. Diamond Coating Sintered Diamond Sintered CBN Si3N4 Ceramics Hardness Al2O3 Coated Carbide Coated Micro-grain Coated Cermet Cemented Carbide Cermet Micro-grain Cemented Carbide Coated HSS Cemented Carbide Powder HSS HSS Toughness GRADE CHARACTERISTICS Hardness Energy Formation Solubility in Iron Thermal Conductivity Thermal Expansion Hard Materials Tool Material (Hv) (kcal/g • atom) (%.1250°C) (W/m • k) (×10-6/k) * Diamond > 9000 ─ Highly Soluble 2100 3.1 Sintered Diamond CBN > 4500 ─ ─ 1300 4.7 Sintered CBN Si3N4 1600 ─ ─ 100 3.4 Ceramics Ceramics Al2O3 2100 -100 i0 29 7.8 Cemented Carbide Cermet TiC 3200 -35 < 0.5 21 7.4 Coated Carbide Cermet TiN 2500 -50 ─ 29 9.4 TECHNICAL DATA Coated Carbide TaC 1800 -40 0.5 21 6.3 Cemented Carbide WC 2100 -10 7 121 5.2 Cemented Carbide 1W/m • K=2.39×10-3cal/cm • sec • °C * Q045
- 46. TECHNICAL DATA GRADE CHAIN P Steel UTi20T Stainless Steel M UTi20T General Cemented Carbide K Cast Iron HTi05T HTi10 UTi20T N Non-Ferrous HTi10 Heat S Resistant Alloy RT9005 RT9010 TF15 Ti Alloy P Steel UE6105 UE6110 UE6020 UE6035 UH6400 F7030 VP10MF VP20MF VP15TF VP30RT (PVD) (PVD) (PVD) (PVD) Stainless Steel M US7020 US735 F7030 VP10MF VP20MF VP15TF VP30RT UP20M General (PVD) (PVD) (PVD) (PVD) (PVD) Coated Carbide K Cast Iron UC5105 UC5115 MC5020 VP15TF (PVD) N Non-Ferrous LC15TF Heat NEW S Resistant Alloy US905 VP05RT VP10RT VP15TF MP9030 Ti Alloy (PVD) (PVD) (PVD) (PVD) NEW For Cutting Tools Hardened H MP8010 VP15TF Materials (PVD) (PVD) P Steel NX2525 NX55 NX3035 NX4545 Cermet Stainless Steel M NX2525 NX4545 General K Cast Iron NX2525 P Steel AP25N VP25N VP45N (PVD) (PVD) (PVD) Stainless Steel Coated Cermet M AP25N General (PVD) K Cast Iron AP25N VP25N (PVD) (PVD) Non-Ferrous N MD205 MD220 MD230 Non-Metal (Sintered Diamond) Sintered Alloy MB4020 Polycrystallines NEW K Cast Iron MB710 MB5015 MB730 MBS140 CB5030 (Sintered CBN) N EW Hardened H Materials MBC010 MBC020 BC8020 MB810 MB8025 MB825 MB835 (Sintered CBN) TECHNICAL DATA Micro-grain Steel SF10 MF07 MF10 TF15 MF20 MF30 Cemented Carbide Cast Iron General Wear GTi05 GTi10 GTi15 GTi20 GTi30 GTi35 GTi40 Resistance Resistance For Wear Cemented Carbide Corrosion Resistance GC15 GC20 GC30 Micro-grain Special Wear Cemented Carbide TF15 MF10 MF20S GM30 Resistance For Construction Cemented Carbide General Use MG10 MG20 MG25 MG30 MG40 MG50 MG60 Tools * Grade to be replaced by new products. Q046
- 47. GRADES COMPARISON TABLE CEMENTED CARBIDE ISO Mitsubishi Sumitomo Hitachi Seco Tungaloy Kyocera Dijet Sandvik Kennametal Iscar Classifi- cation Symbol Materials Electric Tool Tools P P01 P10 ST10P TX10S SRT WS10 S1P P10 IC70 TX20 SRT K125M IC70 P20 UTi20T ST20E TX25 DX30 EX35 SMA TTM IC50M GK A30 TX30 SR30 EX35 IC50M P30 UTi20T A30N UX30 PW30 DX30 EX40 SM30 K600 IC54 TTR SR30 P40 ST40E TX40 DX35 EX45 S6 G13 IC54 EH510 M M10 U10E TU10 UMN WA10B H10A K313 890 K68 EH520 TU20 DX25 KMF HX M20 UTi20T U2 UX30 UMS EX35 H13A K125M 883 IC08 TTM A30 DX25 EX40 H10F K600 IC08 M30 UTi20T A30N UX30 UMS EX45 SM30 TTR IC28 M40 TU40 UM40 EX45 S6 G13 IC128 H1 TH03 WH01 K K01 HTi05T H2 KS05F KG03 WH05 H1P K605 K313 H1P EH10 G1F KG10 K110M K10 HTi10 KW10 WH10 H10 890 IC20 Turning EH510 TH10 KT9 THM HM THM-U G10E G2F, K715 890 CR1 K20 UTi20T EH20 KS15F GW25 KG20 WH20 H13A KMF HX IC20 EH520 G2, KS20 K600 883 K30 UTi20T G10E G3 KG30 THR 883 H1 H10 N N01 H2 KS05F KW10 H13A K605 K313 EH10 TH10 KW10 K110M 890 N10 HTi10 EH510 H10T GW15 KT9 WH10 THM H15 IC20 THM-U G10E K715 HX KX N20 EH20 KS15F CR1 WH20 KMF 883 H15 IC20 EH520 K600 H25 G13 H25 N30 THR 883 S S01 RT9005 KG03 H10 K10 RT9005 EH10 KS05F FZ05 H10A IC07 S10 RT9010 EH510 TH10 KW10 KG10 H10F K313 890 IC08 THM H13A RT9010 EH20 KS15F FZ15 K715 890 883 IC07 S20 TF15 EH520 KS20 KW10 KG20 KMF HX H25 IC08 G13 K600 S30 TF15 KG30 THR P P10 SRT S1P SRT IC50M P20 UTi20T A30N TX25 DX30 EX35 K125 IC28 SR30 EX35 GX IC50M P30 UTi20T A30N UX30 PW30 DX30 EX40 K600 IC28 P40 UX40 PW30 SR30 EX45 IC28 M M10 UMN K110M DX25 Milling M20 UTi20T A30N TX25 UMS EX35 K313 IC20 TECHNICAL DATA DX25 EX40 KFM M30 UTi20T A30N UX30 UMS EX45 K600 IC28 M40 TU40 EX45 IC28 K K01 HTi05T KG03 KW10 K110M K10 HTi10 G10E TH10 GW25 KG10 WH10 H1P K313 IC20 KT9 CR1 K20 UTi20T G10E GW25 KG20 WH20 KFM HX IC20 K30 UTi20T KG30 (Note) The above table is selected from a publication. We have not obtained approval from each company. Q047
- 48. TECHNICAL DATA GRADES COMPARISON TABLE MICRO GRAIN ISO Mitsubishi Sumitomo Hitachi Seco Tungaloy Kyocera Dijet Sandvik Kennametal Classifi- cation Symbol Materials Electric Tool Tools SF10 F FZ05 6UF Z Z01 MF07 F0 MD08F FB05 NM08 8UF MF10 MD1508 FB10 PN90 Cutting Tools M XF1 FZ10 H3F HTi10 MD10 Z10 MF20 F1 MD05F FW30 FZ15 NM15 H6F 890 AFU FB15 H6FF MD07F AF0 FZ15 TF15 MD20 BRM20 890 Z20 MF30 SF2 BM10 FB15 EF20N H10F 883 AF1 FB20 A1 FZ20 Z30 CC UM FB20 NM25 H15F 883 CERMET ISO Mitsubishi Sumitomo Hitachi Seco Tungaloy Kyocera Dijet Sandvik Kennametal Iscar Classifi- cation Symbol Materials Electric Tool Tools NS520 P T110A AT520 TN30 LN10 IC20N P01 AP25N T2000Z GT520 PV30 CX50 IC520N GT720 NS520 TN60 T1200A CX50 IC20N AP25N AT530 TN6010 CT5015 KT125 CM P10 NX2525 T2000Z GT720 PV60 CX75 CZ25 GC1525 KT315 CMP IC520N T1500A PX75 IC530N GT730 PV7010 TN90 IC20N T1200A NS530 AP25N TN6020 CX75 KT5020 IC75T T2000Z GT530 P20 NX2525 T3000Z GT730 PV90 PX75 CH550 GC1525 KT325 IC30N NX3035 PV7020 PX90 KT1120 IC520N T1500A NS730 PV7025 IC530N NS530 TN90 IC75T P30 VP45N T3000Z NS730 PV90 PX90 IC30N NS520 TN60 M NX2525 T110A AT530 TN6020 LN10 CM M10 Turning GC1525 KT125 AP25N T2000Z GT530 PV60 CX50 CMP GT720 PV7020 TN90 NX2525 NS530 TN6020 T1200A CX50 M20 AP25N T2000Z GT730 PV90 CX75 CH550 NX3035 NS730 PV7020 PV7025 M30 T3000Z NS710 K NS520 TN30 AP25N T110A K01 NX2525 T2000Z AT520 PV30 LN10 GT520 PV7005 GT720 TN60 NS520 TN6020 AP25N T1200A GT530 KT125 K10 NX2525 T2000Z GT730 PV60 LN10 CT5015 KT325 PV7020 NS730 PV7025 AP25N K20 NX2525 T3000Z CX75 P P10 NX2525 TN60 CX75 C15M IC30N CH550 KT530M CX75 CH7030 P20 NX2525 NS530 TN100M CX90 MZ1000 CT530 HT7 C15M IC30N KT605M MZ2000 TECHNICAL DATA NS530 CX90 MZ3000 P30 NX4545 T250A NS540 CX99 CH7035 IC30N NS740 Milling M M10 NX2525 TN60 IC30N CH550 KT530M CH7030 M20 NX2525 NS530 TN100M CX75 MZ1000 CT530 HT7 C15M IC30N KT605M MZ2000 NS540 CX90 MZ3000 M30 NX4545 T250A NS740 CX99 CH7035 K K01 K10 NX2525 NS530 TN60 KT530M K20 NX2525 CX75 HT7 (Note) The above table is selected from a publication. We have not obtained approval from each company. Q048
- 49. CVD COATED GRADE ISO Mitsubishi Sumitomo Hitachi Seco Tungaloy Kyocera Dijet Sandvik Kennametal Iscar Classifi- cation Symbol Materials Electric Tool Tools IC9150 P P01 UE6105 AC810P T9005 CA5505 JC110V HG8010 GC4205 KCP05 TP0500 IC8150 AC700G GC4005 KC9105 TP1500 IC428 AC810P IC9150 HG8010 KCP10 UE6105 AC700G T9005 CA5505 JC110V GC4215 TP1500 IC9015 P10 UE6110 AC2000 T9115 CA5515 JC215V HG8025 GC4015 KCP25 TP2500 IC8150 GM8020 KC9110 AC820P IC8250 IC9015 GC4215 AC2000 CA5515 HG8025 IC8250 UE6110 T9115 JC110V GC4225 KCP25 P20 UE6020 AC820P T9125 CA5525 JC215V GM8020 GC4015 KC9125 TP2500 IC9025 AC830P CR9025 GM25 IC9250 GC4025 IC8350 UE6020 GC4225 CA5525 KCP30 IC8350 UE6035 AC830P T9125 JC215V GM25 GC4235 TP3500 P30 UH6400 AC630M T9035 CA5535 JC325V GM8035 GC4025 KCP40 TP3000 IC9250 CR9025 KC8050 IC9350 US735 GC4035 KCP30 KCP40 UE6035 JC325V GM8035 GC4235 KC9140 TP3500 P40 UH6400 AC630M T9035 CA5535 JC450V GX30 GC4035 KC9040 TP3000 IC9350 US735 KC9240 KC9245 Turning IC9250 M M10 US7020 AC610M T9115 CA6515 JC110V GC2015 KCM15 TM2000 IC8250 IC9250 AC610M T6020 CA6515 HG8025 KCM15 M20 US7020 AC630M T9125 CA6525 JC110V GM25 GC2015 KC9225 TM2000 IC9025 IC656 GM8035 KCM25 IC9350 M30 US735 AC630M T6030 CA6525 GX30 GC2025 KC9230 TM4000 IC635 KCM35 M40 US735 AC630M GX30 GC2025 KC9240 TM4000 IC9350 KC9245 CA4505 JC050W GC3205 TH1500 IC5005 K K01 UC5105 AC410K T5105 CA4010 JC105V HG3305 GC3210 KCK05 TK1000 IC9007 IC5005 AC410K CA4515 JC050W GC3205 KCK15 IC5010 HG3315 TK1000 K10 UC5115 AC420K T5115 CA4010 JC105V HG8010 GC3210 KCK20 TK2000 IC9150 AC700G CA4115 JC110V GC3215 KC9315 IC428 IC4028 IC5010 AC420K CA4515 KCK20 IC8150 UC5115 AC700G T5115 JC110V HG8025 K20 UE6110 AC820P T5125 CA4115 JC215V GM8020 GC3215 KC9110 TK2000 IC9150 CA4120 KC9325 IC9015 IC418 HG8025 KC9125 IC9015 K30 UE6110 AC820P T5125 JC215 GM8020 KC9325 IC418 S S01 US905 S05F IC9080 P P10 JC730U MP1500 IC4100 IC9015 FH7020 MP1500 IC5100 P20 F7030 ACP100 T3130 JC730U GX2030 GC4220 MP2500 IC520M P30 F7030 ACP100 T3130 GX2030 GC4230 KC930M MP2500 IC4050 GX2030 P40 GX30 GC4240 KC935M GF30 M M10 IC9250 IC520M Milling M20 F7030 ACP100 T3130 JC730U KC925M MP2500 IC9350 TECHNICAL DATA GF30 IC9350 M30 F7030 ACP100 T3130 GX30 GC2040 KC930M MP2500 IC4050 GF30 KC930M M40 GX30 KC935M IC635 K K01 JC600 MC5020 T1115 K10 F5010 ACK100 T1015 JC600 MC5020 T1115 GC3220 IC5100 K20 F5020 ACK200 T1015 JC610 K20W KC915M MK1500 IC9150 KC920M IC4100 GX2030 KC925M K30 JC610 GX30 GC3040 KC930M MK3000 IC4050 IC520M KC935M (Note) The above table is selected from a publication. We have not obtained approval from each company. Q049
- 50. TECHNICAL DATA GRADES COMPARISON TABLE PVD COATED GRADE ISO Mitsubishi Sumitomo Hitachi Seco Tungaloy Kyocera Dijet Sandvik Kennametal Iscar Classifi- cation Symbol Materials Electric Tool Tools PR915 P P01 PR1005 IC250 IC350 PR915 PR1005 KC5010 GC1525 CP200 IC507 IC570 P10 VP10MF AH710 PR930 PR1025 GC1025 KC5510 TS2000 IC807 IC907 PR1115 PR1225 KU10T IC908 IC228 IC250 IC308 IC328 AH710 KC5025 IC350 IC354 VP10RT AH725 PR930 GC1525 KC5525 IC507 IC528 VP20RT AH120 PR1025 CP250 P20 VP15TF SH730 PR1115 IP2000 GC1025 KC7215 TS2500 IC570 IC807 GC1125 KC7315 IC808 IC907 VP20MF GH730 PR1225 KU25T IC908 IC928 GH130 IC1008 IC1028 IC3028 IC228 IC250 VP10RT AH725 AH120 KC7015 IC328 IC330 VP20RT SH730 GH730 GC1025 KC7020 P30 VP15TF GH130 AH740 IP3000 GC1125 KU25T CP500 IC354 IC528 IC1008 VP20MF J740 KC7235 IC1028 IC3028 IC228 IC328 KC7040 AH740 IC330 IC528 P40 J740 KC7140 CP500 IC1008 KC7030 IC1028 IC3028 M M01 GC1005 KC5010 IC330 IC354 PR915 JC5003 GC1025 KC5510 CP200 IC507 IC520 M10 VP10MF AC510U AH710 PR1025 JC8015 IP050S GC1125 KC6005 TS2000 IC570 IC807 PR1225 GC1105 KC6015 IC907 IC3028 Turning VP10RT AH710 AH725 GC1005 KC5025 IC250 IC330 PR1025 PR1125 JC5003 CP250 VP20RT AH120 SH730 GC1025 KC5525 IC354 IC808 M20 VP15TF AC520U GH730 GH130 PR1225 JC5015 IP100S GC1125 KC7020 TS2500 IC908 IC1008 PR915 PR930 JC8015 CP500 VP20MF GH330 GC1105 KC7025 IC1028 IC3028 VP10RT GH330 AH725 IC228 IC250 VP20RT AC520U AH120 SH730 JC5015 GC1125 KC7030 IC328 IC330 M30 VP15TF AC530U GH730 GH130 PR1125 JC8015 GC2035 KC7225 CP500 IC1008 IC1028 VP20MF J740 IC3028 IC328 M40 AC530U J740 GC2035 IC928 IC1008 IC1028 IC3028 K K01 GH110 KC5010 CP200 IC350 K10 AH110 PR905 KC7210 TS2000 IC1008 AH710 GH110 CP200 VP10RT KC7015 IC228 IC350 AH110 AH710 CP250 K20 VP20RT AH725 AH120 PR905 KC7215 TS2000 IC808 IC908 VP15TF KC7315 IC1008 GH730 GH130 TS2500 AH725 VP10RT IC228 IC350 AH120 K30 VP20RT GH730 KC7225 CP500 IC808 IC908 VP15TF IC1008 GH130 S S01 VP05RT AH905 JC5003 JC8015 IC507 IC907 VP05RT AH905 SH730 JC5003 GC1105 KC5010 CP200 CP250 IC507 S10 VP10RT AC510U AH110 JC5015 GC1005 KC5410 TS2000 IC903 VP20RT AH120 JC8015 GC1025 KC5510 TS2500 VP10RT CP250 IC300 IC808 AC510U AH120 JC5015 GC1025 KC5025 S20 VP20RT AC520U AH725 PR1125 JC8015 GC1125 KC5525 TS2500 IC908 IC928 VP15TF CP500 IC3028 S30 VP15TF AC520U AH725 PR1125 GC1125 TECHNICAL DATA ATH80D P PTH08M P01 JC5003 PCA08M PCS08M JC5003 ACS05E IC250 IC350 PR730 JC5030 CY9020 IC808 IC810 ACP100 PR830 GC1010 P10 ACP200 PR1025 JC8015 JX1005 JX1020 GC1025 KC715M IC900 IC903 Milling JC5015 PC20M JP4020 IC908 IC910 PR1225 JC5118 PCA12M IC950 IC250 IC300 IC328 IC330 PR730 JC5015 AH725 IC350 IC528 PR830 JC5030 CY150 GC1025 AH120 KC522M F25M IC808 IC810 P20 VP15TF ACP200 GH330 PR1025 JC5040 CY15 GC1010 KC525M MP3000 IC830 IC900 PR1225 JC8015 JX1015 GC2030 AH330 IC908 IC910 PR1230 JC5118 IC928 IC950 IC1008 (Note) The above table is selected from a publication. We have not obtained approval from each company. Q050
- 51. ISO Mitsubishi Sumitomo Hitachi Seco Tungaloy Kyocera Dijet Sandvik Kennametal Iscar Classifi- cation Symbol Materials Electric Tool Tools AH725 JS4060 IC250 IC300 P AH120 JC5015 CY250 IC328 IC330 GC1010 F25M VP15TF ACP200 AH130 PR660 JC5040 CY25 KC725M IC350 IC528 P30 VP30RT ACP300 AH140 PR1230 JC8015 HC844 GC1030 KC530M MP3000 IC830 IC900 GC2030 F30M GH130 JC5118 JX1045 IC928 IC950 AH730 PTH30E IC1008 JS4060 PTH40H JC5040 F40M P40 VP30RT ACP300 AH140 JC5118 JX1060 GC1030 KC735M T60M GF30 GX30 M M01 PCS08M PR730 CY9020 GC1025 M10 ACP200 PR1025 PR1225 JC5118 JX1020 GC1030 KC715M IC903 AH725 IC250 IC300 PR730 JC5015 GC1025 AH120 CY150 KC730 IC808 IC830 VP15TF ACP200 PR660 JC5040 GC1030 F25M M20 VP20RT ACP300 GH330 PR1025 JC5118 CY15 GC1040 KC522M MP3000 IC900 IC908 AH330 JX1015 KC525M IC928 PR1225 JC8015 GC2030 GH110 IC1008 AH120 AH725 JC5015 CY250 IC250 IC300 VP15TF F30M AH130 AH140 JC8015 CY25 GC1040 KC725M IC328 IC330 M30 VP20RT ACP300 GH130 AH730 PR660 JC8050 HC844 GC2030 KC735M F40M IC830 IC928 VP30RT MP3000 GH340 JC5118 JX1045 IC1008 JC5015 JX1060 M40 VP30RT ACP300 AH140 JC5118 GF30 F40M JC8050 GX30 ATH80D K AH110 PTH08M K01 GH110 JC5003 PCA08M AH330 PCS08M AH110 ASC05E IC350 IC810 GH110 JX1005 IC830 IC900 AH725 PR1210 JC5003 JX1020 IC910 IC928 K10 GC1010 KC510M Milling AH120 PR905 JC8015 CY9020 IC950 GH130 CY100H IC1008 AH330 CY10H IC350 IC808 CY150 JC5015 IC810 IC830 VP15TF PR1210 CY15 GC1010 KC520M K20 VP20RT ACK300 GH130 PR905 JC5080 PTH13S GC1020 KC525M MK2000 IC900 IC908 JC8015 IC910 IC928 JX1015 IC950 IC1008 CY250 GX2030 IC350 IC808 JC5015 VP15TF GX30 KC725M IC830 IC908 K30 VP20RT ACK300 JC8015 CY25 PTH40H GC1020 KC735M IC928 IC950 JC5080 PTH30E JX1045 IC1008 JC5003 S S01 PR905 JC8015 JC5118 JC5003 PCS08M EH520Z JC5015 S10 VP15TF EH20Z PR905 JC8015 PTH13S C1025 KC510M IC903 JS1025 JC5118 JC8015 IC300 IC908 EH520Z VP15TF JC5015 CY100H GC1025 KC522M IC808 IC900 S20 MP9030 EH20Z PR905 JC8050 CY10H GC2030 KC525M IC830 IC928 ACK300 JC5118 IC328 IC330 JC8050 GC2030 S30 ACK300 JC5118 S30T KC725M F40M IC830 IC928 JC8003 H H01 MP8010 JC8008 IC903 JC8003 TECHNICAL DATA JC8008 BH200 GC1010 MH1000 H10 VP15TF JC8015 BH250 GC1030 KC635M F15M IC900 JC5118 ATH80D IC900 IC808 JC8015 PTH08M GC1010 H20 VP15TF JC5118 PCA08M GC1030 KC635M F15M IC908 IC1008 JX1005 MP3000 IC808 IC908 H30 KC530M F30M IC1008 (Note) The above table is selected from a publication. We have not obtained approval from each company. Q051
- 52. TECHNICAL DATA GRADES COMPARISON TABLE CBN ISO Mitsubishi Sumitomo Seco Element Tungaloy Kyocera Dijet Sandvik Classifi- cation Symbol Materials Electric Tools Six KBN05M H MBC010 BNC100 BXM10 KBN10M H01 MB810 BNX10 BXC30 KBN10C CBN050C DBC50 BX310 KBN510 CBN10 MBC020 BNC160 BXM20 KBN25M CB7015 CBN100 H10 BC8020 BNX20 BXA30 KBN25C JBN300 CB20 CBN100P DCC500 MB8025 BN2000 BX330 KBN525 CBN150 BNC200 CBN150 BC8020 BXM20 CB7025 BNX25 CBN200 H20 MB8025 BN2000 BXA40 KBN30M JBN245 CB7050 CBN300 DCN450 MB825 BX360 CB50 BN250 CBN300P BC8020 BNC300 BXC50 H30 MB835 BN350 BX380 KBN35M CBN350 DCX650 BX450 S Turning S01 MB730 BN700 BX950 BX480 S10 S20 S30 MB710 CB50 K K01 MB5015 BN500 BX930 KBN60M JBN795 CB7050 MB710 KBN60M CBN300 K10 MB5015 BN700 BX950 KBN900 JBN330 CBN300P DBA80 MB730 MB730 DBW85 BN700 BXC90 K20 MBS140 BNS800 BX90S KBN900 CBN200 DBS900 BC5030 AMB90 MBS140 BXC90 K30 BC5030 BNS800 BX90S CBN350 KBN65B MB4020 BN7500 BX470 DBW85 Sintered Alloy MB835 BN700 BX480 KBN65M CBN200 DBS900 KBN70M PCD ISO Mitsubishi Sumitomo Diamond Element Tungaloy Kyocera Dijet Sandvik Classifi- cation Symbol Materials Electric Innovations Six DX180 JDA30 N N01 MD205 DA90 DX160 KPD001 JDA735 CD10 1800 CTH025 Turning MD205 KPD001 JDA40 N10 MD220 DA150 DX140 KPD010 JDA745 1500 CTB010 MD220 JDA10 N20 MD230 DA2200 DX120 KPD230 JDA715 1300 CTB002 N30 MD230 DA1000 DX110 1600 (Note) The above table is selected from a publication. We have not obtained approval from each company. TECHNICAL DATA Q052
- 53. INSERT CHIP BREAKER COMPARISON TABLE NEGATIVE INSERT TYPE ISO Cutting Mitsubishi Sumitomo Hitachi Seco Classifi- Tungaloy Kyocera Dijet Sandvik Kennametal cation Mode Materials Electric Tool Tools P PK * 01 * DP * Finish FH FA TF GP, VF FE QF UF, FF FF1 FY FL ZF XP, XP-T C SU PF Light SA LU NS, 27 UR BE PF SH SX, SE TSF, TS HQ, CQ UA, UT BH, CE MF LF, FN MF2 Light SY 17 XQ, XS (Mild Steel) Light SW LUW, SEW AFW, ASW WP, WQ WP, WF FW W-MF2 (With Wiper) MP GU NM, ZM, AS CJ, GS CT, AB PM MF3 Medium MA UG TM PS, HS PG AH QM, 61 MG, MN MF5, M3 MH GE, UX DM, 37 PT, CS UB AY, AE SM M5 Medium W-M3 MW GUW WMX, WM MW (With Wiper) W-MF5 Semi MU PH PR, HM GH TH UD, GG AR, RE RN MR6, MR7 Heavy MX, ME GT, HT Std. HZ MP 57 PX UC TE, UE QR, PR MR R4, R5, R6 Heavy HX HG, HP 65, TU HX HX HR RM, RH 57, RR6, R7 HV HE, H R8, RR9 M Finish SH SU SS MQ, GU MP, SE MF K, FP Light MS, MU MS EX, UP SA, SM SF PV, DE MM P, MP MF4 Medium SU, HU ES S ST SG M5, MR7 GH MP SZ MR RP Heavy 56, R6 HZ MR K Finish MA UZ CF Std. VA KF FN M4 Light Medium Std. GZ, UX CM, 33, Std. C, ZS, GC V KM Std., UN Heavy Flat Top Flat Top CH, Flat Top Flat Top KR S Finish FJ* SF FS, K MF1 * * * TECHNICAL DATA Light MJ, MJ SU TK SGF Medium MS SA, HMM pNGP * pNGP * M1 23, SM Heavy GJ SR, SMR MS M5, MR3 * Peripheral ground type insert. (Note) Above charts are based on published data and not authorized by each manufacturer. Q053
- 54. TECHNICAL DATA INSERT CHIP BREAKER COMPARISON TABLE 7°POSITIVE INSERT TYPE ISO Cutting Mitsubishi Sumitomo Hitachi Seco Classifi- Tungaloy Kyocera Dijet Sandvik Kennametal cation Mode Materials Electric Tool Tools P * * * * * * * CF, CK * * Finish SMG FC, SC JS, 01 * * GQ, GF UM LF Finish FV FP, LU PF, PSF GP 11, UF FF1 JQ UF, PF Light SV SU, SK PS, PSS XP, VF LF F1 Light WK * SW LUW FW W-F1 (With Wiper) WF, WP MV 23 HQ FT JE Medium Std. MU PM, 24 XQ, GK UM, PM MF F2 Medium MW WM MW W-F2 (With Wiper) M Finish | SV SS * MP MF Light Medium Std. MM K Medium Flat Top Flat Top * Flat Top Flat Top * FT KF, KM, KR CM N ASF* Medium AZ* * * AG, AW AL * AH * ALU* AL * HP * AL* ACB* S Finish * * LF* HP* FJ SC Light * Peripheral ground type insert. (Note) Above charts are based on published data and not authorized by each manufacturer. 11°POSITIVE INSERT TYPE ISO Cutting Mitsubishi Sumitomo Hitachi Seco Classifi- Tungaloy Kyocera Dijet Sandvik Kennametal cation Mode Materials Electric Tool Tools P Finish FV, SMG * FK 01 * GP, CF * UF Light SV LU SU PF, PSF PS, PSS * GF, XP JQ PF LF PM HQ Medium MV MU 23 JE PM MF XQ TECHNICAL DATA 24 Finish M | SV SS * MP MF Light Medium MV MM * Peripheral ground type insert. (Note) Above charts are based on published data and not authorized by each manufacturer. Q054