Technologies for 5G networks:- challenges and opportunities
- 1. Technologies for 5G networks: challenges and opportunities Kailash bhati 2014uec1632 Electronics & communication Engineering Guieded by dr. ghanshyam singh sir
- 2. Content Introduction of 5G Demands Evolution of 5G Features of 5G Potential technologies References • •
- 3. INTRODUCTION
- 4. increasing demands • High traffic volume (massive capacity) ,future requirement is a 1,000× increase in data traffic for 2020 and beyond • • Increased indoor and small cell/hotspot traffic, which will make up the majority of mobile traffic volume—today, roughly 70 percent of mobile traffic happens indoors • • Higher numbers of connected devices (massive connectivity) stemming from the internet of things (iot), which will support massive machine-to-machine (M2M) communications and applications • • Improved energy consumption—5g must be a green network to reduce its carbon footprint
- 6. Evolution of 5g • LTE-Advanced: The bridge between 4G and 5G • • LTE Advanced or LTE-A is the evolution of the original LTE technology toward even higher bandwidths. LTE-A promises nearly three times greater speed than the basic LTE network and comprises of the following five building blocks: •
- 7. • Carrier Aggregation- which allows mobile network operators to combine a number of separate LTE carriers. This enables them to increase the peak user data rates • Increased MIMO- • • Coordinated Multipoint (COMP)- to improve cell edge user data rate • • Relay Station - an amplifier for restoring the strength of a transmitted signal. booster amplifier • • Heterogeneous Network or HetNet- connecting computers and other devices with different operating systems and/or protocols •
- 8. Potential technologies • dense small cell deployment • • M-MIMO • • D2D • • M2M • • millimeter-wave communications • • In addition , advanced coordinated multipoint (CoMP), carrier aggregation, multiple radio access technology (M-RAT), efficient coding techniques, network virtualization, and the emergence of cloud radio access networks (C-RAN)
- 9. Classification of technologies 1.Capacity and speed 2.Latency 3.Spectral efficiency • 4.Massive connectivity and IOT
- 10. 1.Network Capacity and Data Speed Improvement• • Dense small cell deployment • to offload macrocells and improve signal power. • Small cells must be deployed with a limited cell radius to help reuse the spectrum (increase spectral efficiency) and increase the network capacity • Challenges: • too many handovers or handover failure and call drops • Intercell interference
- 11. 1.Network Capacity and Data Speed Improvement ØMillimeter-wave frequency band( for 5G it is 20-90Ghz) • improved quality of service (QoS) by utilizing additional spectrum (higher frequencies and wider bandwidth) • Having different environmental impacts ØChallenges • High path loss • Signal attenuation • Too sensitive to blockages • Solution -- beamforming and a larger antenna array
- 12. 1.Network Capacity and Data Speed Improvement • Massive MIMO and beamforming(key enabling tech for 5G) • Improve signal strength resulting in higher cell throughput, better Edge cell performance • ØChallenges Ø • Pilot contamination- is the presence of a minor and unwanted constituent in material, physical body, natural environment, at a workplace, etc • • huge costs and complexity • Physical size is a point of concern •
- 14. 2.Latency reduction • Time taken to complete a single ,full trasction • Current latency is about 15ms based on 1-ms subframe • Latency for 5g –1ms • It’s vital to enable savings and long battery lifetimes • Techniques to reduce latency Ødense small cell ØD2D- can handle local traffic
- 15. 2.Latency reduction Challenges ØEfficient proximity detection – less efficient GPS systems Ø ØNetwork integration – not able to keep up with your job Ø ØNative support in future •
- 16. 3.Spectral Efficiency Improvement • It can be improved by increasing modulation order • • OFDM(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing ) • ØUses multipath carriers to transmit simultaneous subframes after dividing the main stream and modulating each subframe on a different subcarrier frequency
- 17. 3.Spectral Efficiency Improvement • Challenges • ØOFDM has high PAPR (peak to average power ratio) which decreases power amplifier efficiency • •
- 18. 3.Spectral Efficiency Improvement • Some new schemes to improve spectral efficiency • NOMA( non orthogonal multiple access ) • FBMC( filter bank multicarrier ) • SCMA( sparse coded multiple access )
- 19. 4. Massive Connectivity and the IoT • Due to massive connectivity there will be network congestion so several orders of magnitude increase in network connectivity and capacity is required • Which can be met with following technologies • Network densification ,dense small cell deployment ,M-MIMO • And NFV(network function virtualization ) • Will make function with cloud computing infrastructure
- 20. References • S. Chen and J. Zhao, “The Requirements, Challenges, and Technologies for 5G of Terrestrial Mobile Telecommunication,” IEEE Comm. Magazine • 5G: What Is It?, white paper, Ericsson, 2014 • . J. Boyd, “Fujitsu Makes a Terahertz Receiver Small Enough for a Smartphone,” IEEE Spectrum • F. Boccardi et al., “Five Disruptive Technology Directions for 5G,” IEEE Comm. Magazine • J.G. Andrews et al., “What Will 5G Be?” IEEE J. Selected Areas in Comm. • P.K. Agyapong et al., “Design Considerations for a 5G Network Architecture,” IEEE Comm. Magazine • F. Khan and Z. Pi, “An Introduction to MillimeterWave Mobile Broadband Systems,” IEEE Comm. Magazin • S.G. Larew et al., “Air Interface Design and Ray Tracing Study for 5G Millimeter Wave Communications,” Proc. IEEE Globecom Workshops • F. Khan, Z. Pi, and S. Rajagopal, “Millimeter-Wave Mobile Broadband with Large Scale Spatial Processing for 5G Mobile Communication,” Proc. 50th Ann. Allerton Conf. Comm., Control, and Computin •