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Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles, 7th
Edition Testbank Chapter 1
10) Over the years memory access speed has consistently increased more rapidly than
processor speed.
Answer: True False
11) An SMP can be defined as a stand-alone computer system with two or more similar
processors of comparable capability.
Answer: True False
12) The Program Status Word contains status information in the form of condition
codes, which are bits typically set by the programmer as a result of program
operation.
Answer: True False
13) An example of a multicore system is the Intel Core i7.
Answer: True False
14) In a two-level memory hierarchy the Hit Ratio is defined as the fraction of all
memory accesses found in the slower memory.
Answer: True False
15) The operating system acts as an interface between the computer hardware and the
human user.
Answer: True False
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:
1) The four main structural elements of a computer system are:
A) Processor, Main Memory, I/O Modules and System Bus
B) Processor, I/O Modules, System Bus and Secondary Memory
C) Processor, Registers, Main Memory and System Bus
D) Processor, Registers, I/O Modules and Main Memory
Answer: A
2) The __________ holds the address of the next instruction to be fetched.
A) Accumulator (AC) B) Instruction Register (IR)
C) Instruction Counter (IC) D) Program Counter (PC)
Answer: D

3) The __________ contains the data to be written into memory and receives the data
read from memory.
A) I/O address register B) memory address register
C) I/O buffer register D) memory buffer register
Answer: D
4) Instruction processing consists of two steps:
A) fetch and execute B) instruction and execute
C) instruction and halt D) fetch and instruction
Answer: A
5) The ___________ routine determines the nature of the interrupt and performs
whatever actions are needed.
A) interrupt handler B) instruction signal
C) program handler D) interrupt signal
Answer: A
6) The unit of data exchanged between cache and main memory is __________ .
A) block size B) map size C) cache size D) slot size
Answer: A
7) The _________ chooses which block to replace when a new block is to be loaded into
the cache and the cache already has all slots filled with other blocks.
A) memory controller B) mapping function
C) write policy D) replacement algorithm
Answer: D
8) __________ is more efficient than interrupt-driven or programmed I/O for a
multiple-word I/O transfer.
A) Spatial locality B) Direct memory access
C) Stack access D) Temporal locality
Answer: B

9) The __________ is a point-to-point link electrical interconnect specification that
enables high-speed communications among connected processor chips.
A) QPI B) DDR3 C) LRUA D) ISR
Answer: A
10) Small, fast memory located between the processor and main memory is called:
A) Block memory B) Cache memory
C) Direct memory D) WORM memory
Answer: B
11) In a uniprocessor system, multiprogramming increases processor efficiency by:
A) Taking advantage of time wasted by long wait interrupt handling
B) Disabling all interrupts except those of highest priority
C) Eliminating all idle processor cycles
D) Increasing processor speed
Answer: A
12) The two basic types of processor registers are:
A) User-visible and user-invisible registers
B) Control and user-invisible registers
C) Control and Status registers
D) User-visible and Control/Status registers
Answer: D
13) When an external device becomes ready to be serviced by the processor the device
sends a(n) _________ signal to the processor.
A) access B) halt C) handler D) interrupt
Answer: D
14) One mechanism Intel uses to make its caches more effective is __________ , in which
the hardware examines memory access patterns and attempts to fill the caches
speculatively with data that is likely to be requested soon.
A) mapping B) handling
C) interconnecting D) prefetching
Answer: D

15) A __________ organization has a number of potential advantages over a
uniprocessor organization including performance, availability, incremental growth,
and scaling.
A) temporal locality B) symmetric multiprocessor
C) direct memory access D) processor status word
Answer: B
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS:
1) The invention of the _________ was the hardware revolution that brought about
desktop and handheld computing.
Answer: microprocessor
2) To satisfy the requirements of handheld devices, the classic microprocessor is giving
way to the _________ , where not just the CPUs and caches are on the same chip, but
also many of the other components of the system, such as DSPs, GPUs, I/O devices
and main memory.
Answer: System on a Chip (SoC)
3) The processing required for a single instruction is called a(n) __________ cycle.
Answer: instruction
4) The fetched instruction is loaded into the __________ .
Answer: Instruction Register (IR)
5) When an external device is ready to accept more data from the processor, the I/O
module for that external device sends an __________ signal to the processor.
Answer: interrupt request
6) The __________ is a device for staging the movement of data between main memory
and processor registers to improve performance and is not usually visible to the
programmer or processor.
Answer: cache
7) External, nonvolatile memory is also referred to as __________ or auxiliary memory.
Answer: secondary memory
8) When a new block of data is read into the cache the __________ determines which
cache location the block will occupy.

Answer: mapping function
9) In a _________ multiprocessor all processors can perform the same functions so the
failure of a single processor does not halt the machine.
Answer: symmetric
10) A __________ computer combines two or more processors on a single piece of
silicon.
Answer: multicore
11) A Control/Status register that contains the address of the next instruction to be
fetched is called the _________.
Answer: Program Counter (PC)
12) Each location in Main Memory contains a _________ value that can be interpreted as
either an instruction or data.
Answer: binary number
13) A special type of address register required by a system that implements user visible
stack addressing is called a __________ .
Answer: stack pointer
14) Registers that are used by system programs to minimize main memory references by
optimizing register use are called __________ .
Answer: user-visible registers
15) The concept of multiple programs taking turns in execution is known as __________.
Answer: multiprogramming

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The Project Gutenberg eBook of Beyond the
Marne: Quincy, Huiry, Voisins before and
during the battle

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Title: Beyond the Marne: Quincy, Huiry, Voisins before and
during the battle
Author: Henriette Cuvru-Magot
Translator: Katharine Babbitt
Release date: January 6, 2014 [eBook #44599]
Most recently updated: October 23, 2024
Language: English
Credits: Produced by Emmy and the Online Distributed
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Archive)
*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BEYOND THE
MARNE: QUINCY, HUIRY, VOISINS BEFORE AND DURING THE
BATTLE ***

Mlle. Henriette Cuvru-Magot, from a recent
portrait
BEYOND THE MARNE
Quincy—Huiry—Voisins
before and during the battle
BY
HENRIETTE CUVRU-MAGOT
TRANSLATED BY
KATHARINE BABBITT
ILLUSTRATED FROM PHOTOGRAPHS
BOSTON
SMALL, MAYNARD & COMPANY
PUBLISHERS

Copyright, 1918
By SMALL, MAYNARD & COMPANY
(INCORPORATED)
To
MILDRED ALDRICH
"Will you allow me, Miss Aldrich, to pay you the tribute of my
admiration for the lofty courage you have shown, and to
express to you my gratitude for the comfort you have given my
family during these early days of September?"

PREFACE
Mademoiselle Henriette Cuvru-Magot, who, since the early months of
the war, has been nursing the wounded at the Auxiliary Hospital of
l'Union des Femmes de France, at Quincy, near Meaux, lives in the
picturesque village of Voisins, a dependency of that commune.
Daughter of a superior officer who played an active and brilliant
part in the war of 1870, granddaughter of a Garde-du-Corps of Louis
XVI, she heard from childhood in her home many tales of valiant
deeds performed by the French Army.
And now, in her turn, wishing to complete the story of the
glorious past, witnessed by her father and grandfather, by the story
of the heroic present, at which she herself is an onlooker, she is
about to tell us what she saw from her modest cottage at the very
beginning of the Great War, and trace to us a poignant picture of the
events which took place under her eyes.
Mademoiselle Cuvru-Magot began her journal August 2, 1914,
thinking, of course, that she would never know the war itself except
through the accounts given by our soldiers when at last they should
return.
Five weeks later she was in the midst of a battle, and that, of all
others, the Battle of the Marne.
The real merit of these notes—all too few, alas! since they leave
off on the morrow of the Victory of the Marne—is not to be sought in
the military incidents recorded by Mademoiselle Cuvru-Magot,
though even these have their importance, but rather in the noble
sentiments she expresses, which stand out above everything else,
especially during the heart-rending hours of the invasion. In her
village, cut off from the rest of the world, she finds herself almost

alone with those who are most dear to her—too weak to protect
them, powerless on the other hand to sacrifice herself, to give all her
strength, all her sympathy to the soldiers wounded in the battle that
is being waged there, a few steps from her door.
Mademoiselle Cuvru-Magot was kind enough to let me see her
manuscript, and at my earnest request has consented to publish it.
It is with interest and emotion that we read these pages marked
by ardent faith and by an unfaltering trust in the eternal destiny of
our country. And they are pages written by a Frenchwoman who
remembers with just pride that she is the daughter and
granddaughter of soldiers.
Georges Husson
Vice-President of the Literary and Historical
Society of Brie

ILLUSTRATIONS
Page
Mlle. Henriette Cuvru-Magot, from a Recent Portrait Frontispiece
The Mareuil Road from Voisins to the Marne, the
Ancient Pavé-des-Roizes
10
Terrace of the Actors' Home at Couilly, established by
Coquelin, who died here
20
Voisins-Quincy. Rue de Condé 32
Miss Mildred Aldrich 36
The Junction of the Marne and the Canal de Chalifert 42
Route national from Couilly to the Demi-Lune 52
The Road leading away from the Château de Condé,
across the Grand Morin
66
Wounded Soldiers at the Hospital of Quincy 76
Voisins-Quincy. Rue de Condé 86
Château in the Park of the Actors' Home at Couilly 96
Tomb of Coquelin 100
On the Banks of the Marne 104
The Home of Mlle. Henriette Cuvru-Magot 106

W
I
2 August, 1914.
AR is declared! Up to the last minute I would not believe it. Is
such a thing still possible in this century? Alas, yes! There is no
denying the facts.
Even these last few days I felt perfectly confident. We have been
on the verge of war so many times before this, but the danger has
always been averted by means of diplomatic parleys. I thought that
in our day and generation disputes were settled in that way, without
bloodshed, as a matter of course. But now! It seems to me we have
just gone backward several centuries!
I did not realize the truth until a little while ago when I took my
brother to the station at Esbly. He is on his way to Paris to get his
mobilization orders. How I wish I were a man and could go with
him! This is the first time in our lives we have ever been separated,
and under what circumstances! How sad it is to think that in every
town and village in France there is the same anguish of farewells.
The pealing of the tocsin is a funeral knell that strikes terror to
every mother's heart.
The great grief that has stricken the earth is borne from village to
village on the church bells like a single long sob.

E
II
4 August, 1914.
VERY day some of the men about here start for the front, but it
is at the Esbly station, where I have just been, that the leave-
takings are the most heart-rending.
The men are very grave, but they start off without a complaint,
without a murmur. And if they are courageous, the women who
accompany them, understanding fully their own great duty, do not
give way to their feelings for a single instant. They are determined
that no tears of theirs shall make harder the task of father or
husband. It is really sublime.
Huge bunches and garlands of roses are twined over the cars.
Here and there is the vivid note of our national bouquet of simple
wildflowers—cornflowers, daisies, and poppies, scarce at this
season. In the cannon's mouth and on the gun-carriages are
branches of laurel.
Inscriptions chalked on all the cars bear witness to the good
morale of our troops.
On the locomotive of a return train we read:
Our souls to God,
Our blood to our country,
Our hearts to our women,
Our bodies to the wicked.
How very French that is!
It is as if these trains, decked with flowers and flags, were on
their way to a vast festival. When each train comes to a standstill

there is an impressive moment of silence, broken by cheers as it
moves off.
Although I was deeply stirred by these departures, I stayed a long
time at the station, filled with admiration at the ardor with which
every man answers the call of his country. It is a sight never to be
forgotten.
On the way home from the station, I meet a friend whom I have
known a long time, a good man who is father of a family. In order to
spare his wife and children the worst of the farewells, he has
insisted on going alone to the station. He asks permission to
embrace me. "I have known you since you were such a little tot,
Mademoiselle." Of course I consent willingly.
Highways as well as railroads are being used for transporting men
and supplies. Auto-buses, delivery wagons of Paris shops—the Bon
Marché, Galéries Lafayette, Printemps, still bearing their signboards
and advertisements—go by on the road to Meaux, carrying
munitions (at least we imagine so). They are tight shut, and, to
judge by their dull rumble, heavily laden.
Just as I reach the outskirts of Quincy, I see a group of men
armed with pitchforks and sticks coming down the road. Farther on,
a lady with white hair is holding a Browning aimed at the sky.
What is happening?
I learn that an automobile driven by Germans and flying the Red
Cross flag has been signalled. The order has just come by telephone
to try to stop it.
The constable is blockading the road with carts, planks, and
farming implements. I immediately start back to Voisins, and urge
everyone I meet to do likewise.
In the distance an automobile coming at a rapid pace from the
direction of Couilly stops suddenly at the sight of the barricade. The
little group of armed civilians approach.

It is too far away for me to make out anything more, but I see a
second automobile, driven at top speed, slow down, and then swiftly
wheel about. In my anxiety to give the alarm in Voisins, I do not
notice which way it goes.
The Mareuil Road from Voisins to the Marne,
the ancient Pavé-des-Roizes
At Voisins no automobile has been seen, but barricades are
erected, nevertheless. While I am answering the questions people
ask me about this automobile story, I suddenly notice some marks

scratched on the wall of the house in front of which we are standing,
at the corner of the roads to Huiry and Voisins.
The drawing looks like a map, and has an arrow beside it. It must
have been made a very short time ago, and looks as if it were made
with a nail or the point of a knife. The blades of grass underneath
are still covered with the fine powder and plaster that fell from it.
The arrow points towards Pavé-des-Roizes, and, on studying the
lines, we think someone was trying to point out the road to Couilly—
Mareuil Street, the road of Champ-Madame (going from Demi-Lune
to Huiry), Huiry Street, Condé Street, and once more Mareuil Street
(or Pavé-des-Roizes).
We dare not say to each other what is in our minds. It occurs to
one of us to follow the direction of the arrow, and, to our surprise,
we find other arrows leading all the way to the Marne. What is more,
they are all newly made. Some of them point in the direction of
Paris, and have the word "Paris" written in large letters underneath.
Was the auto to reach Meaux by going through Mareuil in case the
State road was cut off? Even along the State road there were several
guiding marks. On the blinds of a farmhouse just outside of Quincy
is a large arrow, pointing downward towards the German colors.
We were unable to find out what became of this automobile. The
first one that was stopped—thus allowing the second to escape—was
that of a French general, who was doubtless obliged to give
numerous proofs of his identity in the course of an hour.

T
III
8 August, 1914.
O-DAY our gas and water supplies were cut off! The town-crier
announces that people are forbidden to circulate on the high
roads between 6 P.M. and 6 A.M., and that foreigners in the commune
are not to leave it under penalty of immediate arrest.
A home guard has been organized, which is to be armed and
patrol the streets at night.

T
IV
20 August, 1914.
HE efforts to find the automobile signalled on the 6th were
perhaps not without success. We were told to-day that an
automobile with nuns in it had been seized. A child happened to call
attention to the size of the nuns' hands, and it was discovered that
they were no other than two German officers. Their automobile
contained a large quantity of powder.
These Germans were shot at Lagny almost immediately, I am
told, but of this I am not positive, as I know it only by hearsay.

T
V
30 August, 1914.
RAIN loads of wounded keep passing through Esbly. We all flock
to the station, in the hope of bringing back good news. Alas,
nothing comes but great numbers of refugees and wounded. The
hospital installed in the waiting-room of the station is not large
enough to care for all the wounded and provide comforts for the
refugees. There are many young girls, but not enough to attend to
all these unfortunates. While some of us are busy dressing wounds,
others hasten to carry sandwiches and drink to the refugees on the
trains, many of whom have had nothing to eat or drink for twenty
hours.
Trains do not stop long enough at the station to allow the women
of the Red Cross to go through all the cars. Even though it is against
the rules, we reach the platform from the railroad-crossing and
distribute fruit, bread, and chocolate to the children.
Our brave soldiers, for all their wounds and their weariness, look
confident, and the ones we are able to approach assure us that they
do not doubt our victory for a single instant. They have seen it. I can
read it in their eyes.
How I long to be useful in these tragic hours! It is the duty of
everyone to the full measure of his strength. No effort to help,
however small, is unimportant.
Unfortunately, the hospital at Quincy is not yet completely
organized, but meanwhile a branch has been fitted up at the railroad
station. I am assigned to the Quincy hospital, and so am obliged to
wait until it is opened.

There are moments when I could weep at not being able to do as
much as I should like to relieve all this suffering—to give of my
strength since I cannot give of my purse. I want to start for the
hospitals near the front, but my mother absolutely forbids it.
I wrote to Bishop Marbeau asking to be allowed to work in one of
his hospitals. He answers that Meaux has no hospital as yet, but that
he will let me know in case there is any way I can be of use. He
sends with his letter several packages containing warm clothing and
various useful articles for needy soldiers of the neighborhood. I am
deeply touched.
Quincy possesses a dispensary installed by Madame Bruneau,
mistress of the château. This dispensary, directed by a Sister of
Mercy, Sister Jules, is of great service to the civilian population in
time of peace. Since war was declared, it has been transformed into
a hospital for wounded or sick soldiers, and the management
entrusted to Madame René Benoist, wife of the mayor of the
commune.
This hospital has two branches—one at Pont-aux-Dames, in the
Home for Aged Actors founded by Coquelin, the other at the Esbly
railroad station. From here the wounded who arrive on the trains will
be taken to Quincy or Pont-aux-Dames.
Doctor Pigornet of Crécy is in charge of the medical service.
So far no orders have been received from the Sanitary Service
assigning wounded to either branch. We are obliged to wait for
these orders. Each annex has its staff appointed. Quincy is not
entirely fitted up. Pont-aux-Dames is organized, and the branch at
the station is already at work.
Trains keep rushing to the Eastern frontier in an endless
procession. The roar is incessant, especially at night, and a dismal
sound it is.

Terrace of the Actors' Home at Couilly, established by Coquelin, who
died here
Refugees in even greater numbers throng the roads. The towns
on the other side of the Marne are beginning to be evacuated. It is a
desolate sight.
Old people manage with difficulty to keep their balance on carts
piled high with household goods and fodder. Young women walk,
carrying little ones whose eyes are wide with fatigue and fright at all
this commotion.
Carts follow carts, crowded close together in one long line. They
come from Liège, from Namur, from our invaded regions of the
North!
In the midst of all these people in vehicles and on foot, terrified
cattle jostle each other. Some that were in leading have broken
loose; others, still tied, cannot keep up, and let themselves be
dragged along. Sheep and cows run about the fields or simply stop
where they are and begin to graze.

As a result of the increasing difficulty in taking their cattle with
them, peasants dispose of them for almost nothing: a cow, forty
francs.
The hospital at Quincy, though it cannot be of service to the
wounded, will at least, while waiting for them, have cared for the
unfortunate refugees. It is distributing soup to three hundred people
daily, as well as milk and other food and drink. Tired women stop
there to rest a little before resuming their sad journey to the
unknown.
They all have a tale of horror to tell—barbarous acts committed
by the Germans in the homes these people are fleeing from—acts so
terrible that it is almost impossible to believe them. One man tells us
that a young boy in his family had both hands cut off by these
wretches. "This child," he said, "must have been taken along this
road. We started out together, but I was so tired and hungry that I
stopped to rest, and got separated from the others. The Boches
have destroyed everything I possessed." (I have made inquiries.
People tell me they saw at the Couilly bridge a little boy of about
seven with both arms wrapped in bandages.)
Supplies of food at the hospital are beginning to give out. The
town-crier is sent out to make an appeal to the generosity of the
citizens, and once more the kitchen is filled with food.
The town-crier, in conformance with instructions from the Prefect,
orders the civil population to carry to the town hall any arms they
may have in their possession. Everyone hastens to comply. In their
panic, people even carry the ancient arms of their panoplies.
All day long (and for several days back as well) Boche aviators
have been flying over us, and seem to be exchanging signals. They
come from the direction of Meaux, circle about in large and small
circles as far as Voisins, from there they dart in a straight line
towards Paris, returning after rather a long flight, still in a straight

line in the direction of Soissons, where we lose sight of them. We
have noticed this manœuvre several times.
I walked to Esbly this morning in company with a lad of about
fifteen who has come with his mother to take refuge in Condé. He
told me that, together with several friends whom they brought with
them in their motor, they have been fleeing before the enemy all the
way from Belgium. "We wanted to go to Compiègne," he said, "but
were advised to come here instead, because there was less danger.
But here, no more than elsewhere," he added, after a pause, "are
we safe. We shall not stay. We leave to-morrow."
"But," I asked, "what makes you think we are in danger here?"
"Look at all those 'planes. They are Boche machines. They keep
just ahead of the army. At first we did not pay any attention to
them, but since then we have found out what it means. You may be
sure their troops are not far behind."
I have decided to go to Paris. There I shall find out what is really
happening.
At the railroad station they are not sure there will be a return
train. The service may be discontinued at any moment. After
considering the possibility of having to return on foot, I start out.
Come what may, I must see my family in Paris.
The trains are crammed with people and stacked on top of each
other are bundles and boxes of all shapes and sizes. From the boxes
come the whining of dogs, the screeching of birds, and the mewing
of cats. It is indescribable.
On the way back I have the luck to get a train which takes seven
hours from Paris to Esbly, being side-tracked all along the line to
make way for trains carrying wounded, war supplies, or troops on
their way to or from the front.
When I get back to Voisins I am plied with questions by a number
of people who are anxiously awaiting my return. I hardly dare give

them the news I have brought.
I went to the Bank of France to see my uncle. He advises us to
stay where we are,—this in spite of the fact that the government is
being moved to Bordeaux next Thursday. The Bank is preparing to
leave at the same time. The courtyard of the Bank is full of
automobiles and railroad delivery wagons, which, after being loaded
hastily, start out in every direction.
This news throws everyone into a panic.
English heavy artillery arrived to-day. It came by way of Esbly,
and this afternoon has been taken up to Coutevroult where the
batteries are being installed. Coutevroult is on the slope opposite
that of Quincy, Huiry, Voisins. The Grand-Morin flows between.
If the Germans come to Quincy, or the heights over opposite, we
shall be between two fires!
We were awakened last night by the tramping and neighing of
horses. The horses' hoofs seemed to have been wrapped in
something. The sound was muffled.
My mother and I called to each other: "It is the Boches." Did they
hear us? The windows of our bedroom open on the street. At any
rate, the pace quickened, and finally died away in the direction of
the ford—a road leading to the Aulnois woods behind our house,
then to Pavé-des-Roizes, communicating with the Condé woods and
the banks of the Chalifert canal.
We did not get up quickly enough to find out what this expedition
was that was being carried on with so much mystery. It is a great
pity, for the night was clear, and it would certainly have been
possible to see.

T
VI
2 September, 1914.
HE King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry, commanded by Captain
Simpson, arrived at the same time as the heavy artillery, and is
camping at Demi-Lune. The regiment has retreated all the way from
Belgium and these brave men have been fighting continually since
the Battle of Mons on August 23. These are their first days of rest.
Heavy ration trucks and hospital ambulances, superbly appointed,
line the road.
The soldiers are splendidly set up and perfectly equipped. Spruce,
shining, freshly shaved, they are as clean and correct when they
present themselves to us as if they had just stepped out of a
bandbox. They are very reserved in speech, and do not talk much
unless we question them. Even so, we have to be careful not to put
indiscreet questions.
On our asking: "Where are the Germans?" "Far, far away," they
answer, with a wave of the hand. They do their best to reassure us
and gaily begin whistling "Tipperary."
Their coolness allays our fears.
This afternoon the detachment of Hussars stationed at Meaux
marched by. People were already uneasy, and after that they were
more than ever convinced that it was time to flee. This evening
everyone is impatient to be off.

Voisins-Quincy. Rue de Condé
Esbly is already evacuated. A few Scotch troops are beginning to
arrive there.
Neufmontiers, Penchard, Dammartin, all the communes in the
immediate vicinity of Meaux, are evacuated. Official records of real
estate, also birth, marriage, and death registers, and the municipal
archives have been removed to the quarries of Mareuil, along with
the arms deposited by civilians.
Departures are growing more frequent. People in Quincy are
preparing to go, likewise some of the inhabitants of Voisins. The
mayor and the curé have already been mobilized.
Are we alone to remain behind?
Before leaving, everyone wants to save his most treasured
possessions. Mattresses, beds, old furniture—the most absurd and
unlikely things—are carried from one end of the village to the other
to be hidden in the underground passages which abound in Voisins
and Huiry.

Holes are dug to contain barrels crammed with linen and
household goods. In all this extraordinary activity there is very little
reason or method. People are half crazed. They even hide furniture
and various other objects in the tunnels of the plaster quarries!
To abandon one's home seems like deserting a friend. And yet we
shall have to consider it, for we may be forced to go. I promised my
brother to see that his wife and children were removed to a place of
safety in case of danger. We are none of us terrified as yet. Though I
have a feeling that the battle will not come as far as this, I am doing
all I can to persuade my mother to leave. It is only when I speak of
the safety of the children that I succeed in shaking her
determination to stay. Meanwhile, the danger does not seem
imminent, and we keep putting off our departure till the morrow.
At the turning of the road that leads from Demi-Lune to Voisins,
on the hilltop overlooking the valley of the Marne, one of the humble
dwellings of the hamlet of Huiry was transformed a few months ago
into a beautiful cottage. It is two stories high, with a pointed and
irregular roof, but most graceful in its whole effect. It is here that an
American lady came to live in the early months of this year, hoping
to pass in this solitary spot calm and peaceful days.
Miss Aldrich, a woman of courageous soul and great heart, is an
unspeakable consolation to the little group of women who have
remained near her. Filled with the most generous sentiments, giving
lavishly of her sympathy and guidance, she charms all who come in
contact with her.
I go to see Miss Aldrich every day. Her conversation delights me
and her qualities of mind and heart fill me with admiration. By her
force of character in the tragic hours we are living through she helps
us to rise above emotions that at times nearly sweep us off our feet.

Miss Mildred Aldrich, the author of "A Hilltop on the
Marne" and "On the Edge of the War Zone." Riding in
her cart behind her donkey, Ninette, Miss Aldrich is a
familiar figure in the country-side round about "La
Creste," her "house on the hilltop."
If a bit of good news reaches her, I am sure to see her come
hurrying down the hill towards our house to talk over with us what
she has just learned.
She is truly French at heart, and knows just what to say to make
us feel the same confidence she feels herself. If, before she came,

we were beginning to waver, we discover after she has been here
that we are once more strong and brave.
Will you allow me, Miss Aldrich, to pay you the tribute of my
admiration for the lofty courage you have shown, and to express to
you my gratitude for the comfort you have given my family during
these early days of September?
We learned from Captain Simpson at Miss Aldrich's that German
patrols had crossed the Marne in advance of the English. English
aviators have seen them. Can it be that the horses we have been
hearing for several nights back belong to these patrols?
The soldiers of the King's Own Yorkshire Regiment mount guard
until 6 P.M. in Voisins and also along the canal that joins the Marne to
the Morin. At that time Captain Simpson suddenly receives marching
orders and starts off at once in the direction of Crécy. The
Yorkshiremen are promptly replaced by a regiment of Bedfordshire
Light Infantry.
General French and the English General Staff are at Villeneuve-le-
Comte, it is said. Motorcycle messengers maintain communications
between the various English corps that surround us.

S
VII
3 September, 1914.
EVERAL days ago the hospitals near Meaux received orders to
evacuate their wounded and equipment to Orléans. The last
train-loads of wounded are to pass through Esbly to-day. So, in spite
of our reluctance to leave, we shall have to make up our minds to it.
This morning, Madame Benoist told us of these orders, and urged
us to leave, and, for the sake of the children, as quickly as possible.
The Germans are advancing rapidly. They are at Saint-Soupplets, she
tells us. She kindly offers us a horse and carriage, saying that it is
almost out of the question to take the train.
The trains crawl along at a snail's pace, gathering up everyone in
their path. Refugees wait all along the track, and at the stations are
jammed together pell-mell in the midst of all sorts of luggage and
supplies.
The station at Esbly is to be closed and the hospital moved away.
We accept Madame Benoist's offer with gratitude, for we must
make sure that the children are safe.
So we pack up hastily and load the carriage, which we have no
small difficulty in finding, as it is haled in every direction by people
who are trying to escape. Everyone is getting more and more
distracted.
We start out without locking up anything, or even so much as
closing the doors. We can't help feeling that we shall not go very far.
Before being bestowed on us, the horse has already made several
trips and carried heavy loads. He is fagged out. After going a few
steps, he falls on his knees. We manage to get him up. Will he start

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