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Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles, 7th
Edition Testbank Chapter 1
10) Over the years memory access speed has consistently increased more rapidly than
processor speed.
Answer: True False
11) An SMP can be defined as a stand-alone computer system with two or more similar
processors of comparable capability.
Answer: True False
12) The Program Status Word contains status information in the form of condition
codes, which are bits typically set by the programmer as a result of program
operation.
Answer: True False
13) An example of a multicore system is the Intel Core i7.
Answer: True False
14) In a two-level memory hierarchy the Hit Ratio is defined as the fraction of all
memory accesses found in the slower memory.
Answer: True False
15) The operating system acts as an interface between the computer hardware and the
human user.
Answer: True False
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:
1) The four main structural elements of a computer system are:
A) Processor, Main Memory, I/O Modules and System Bus
B) Processor, I/O Modules, System Bus and Secondary Memory
C) Processor, Registers, Main Memory and System Bus
D) Processor, Registers, I/O Modules and Main Memory
Answer: A
2) The __________ holds the address of the next instruction to be fetched.
A) Accumulator (AC) B) Instruction Register (IR)
C) Instruction Counter (IC) D) Program Counter (PC)
Answer: D

3) The __________ contains the data to be written into memory and receives the data
read from memory.
A) I/O address register B) memory address register
C) I/O buffer register D) memory buffer register
Answer: D
4) Instruction processing consists of two steps:
A) fetch and execute B) instruction and execute
C) instruction and halt D) fetch and instruction
Answer: A
5) The ___________ routine determines the nature of the interrupt and performs
whatever actions are needed.
A) interrupt handler B) instruction signal
C) program handler D) interrupt signal
Answer: A
6) The unit of data exchanged between cache and main memory is __________ .
A) block size B) map size C) cache size D) slot size
Answer: A
7) The _________ chooses which block to replace when a new block is to be loaded into
the cache and the cache already has all slots filled with other blocks.
A) memory controller B) mapping function
C) write policy D) replacement algorithm
Answer: D
8) __________ is more efficient than interrupt-driven or programmed I/O for a
multiple-word I/O transfer.
A) Spatial locality B) Direct memory access
C) Stack access D) Temporal locality
Answer: B

9) The __________ is a point-to-point link electrical interconnect specification that
enables high-speed communications among connected processor chips.
A) QPI B) DDR3 C) LRUA D) ISR
Answer: A
10) Small, fast memory located between the processor and main memory is called:
A) Block memory B) Cache memory
C) Direct memory D) WORM memory
Answer: B
11) In a uniprocessor system, multiprogramming increases processor efficiency by:
A) Taking advantage of time wasted by long wait interrupt handling
B) Disabling all interrupts except those of highest priority
C) Eliminating all idle processor cycles
D) Increasing processor speed
Answer: A
12) The two basic types of processor registers are:
A) User-visible and user-invisible registers
B) Control and user-invisible registers
C) Control and Status registers
D) User-visible and Control/Status registers
Answer: D
13) When an external device becomes ready to be serviced by the processor the device
sends a(n) _________ signal to the processor.
A) access B) halt C) handler D) interrupt
Answer: D
14) One mechanism Intel uses to make its caches more effective is __________ , in which
the hardware examines memory access patterns and attempts to fill the caches
speculatively with data that is likely to be requested soon.
A) mapping B) handling
C) interconnecting D) prefetching
Answer: D

15) A __________ organization has a number of potential advantages over a
uniprocessor organization including performance, availability, incremental growth,
and scaling.
A) temporal locality B) symmetric multiprocessor
C) direct memory access D) processor status word
Answer: B
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS:
1) The invention of the _________ was the hardware revolution that brought about
desktop and handheld computing.
Answer: microprocessor
2) To satisfy the requirements of handheld devices, the classic microprocessor is giving
way to the _________ , where not just the CPUs and caches are on the same chip, but
also many of the other components of the system, such as DSPs, GPUs, I/O devices
and main memory.
Answer: System on a Chip (SoC)
3) The processing required for a single instruction is called a(n) __________ cycle.
Answer: instruction
4) The fetched instruction is loaded into the __________ .
Answer: Instruction Register (IR)
5) When an external device is ready to accept more data from the processor, the I/O
module for that external device sends an __________ signal to the processor.
Answer: interrupt request
6) The __________ is a device for staging the movement of data between main memory
and processor registers to improve performance and is not usually visible to the
programmer or processor.
Answer: cache
7) External, nonvolatile memory is also referred to as __________ or auxiliary memory.
Answer: secondary memory
8) When a new block of data is read into the cache the __________ determines which
cache location the block will occupy.

Answer: mapping function
9) In a _________ multiprocessor all processors can perform the same functions so the
failure of a single processor does not halt the machine.
Answer: symmetric
10) A __________ computer combines two or more processors on a single piece of
silicon.
Answer: multicore
11) A Control/Status register that contains the address of the next instruction to be
fetched is called the _________.
Answer: Program Counter (PC)
12) Each location in Main Memory contains a _________ value that can be interpreted as
either an instruction or data.
Answer: binary number
13) A special type of address register required by a system that implements user visible
stack addressing is called a __________ .
Answer: stack pointer
14) Registers that are used by system programs to minimize main memory references by
optimizing register use are called __________ .
Answer: user-visible registers
15) The concept of multiple programs taking turns in execution is known as __________.
Answer: multiprogramming

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“Stop!” screamed Vic Clayton, suddenly leaping out of her chair.
“Well?”
“How was he dressed when you saw him at five o’clock?”
“Why, he said he was going to your office,” cried Hyde, now
getting back to the business that had brought him out there. “He
had on a plaid suit, a polka-dotted cravat——”
“Henderson!” screamed Vic, all of a quiver with excitement. “That
man Henderson, Amos, was Chick Carter!”
“Not a doubt of it!” gasped Claudia Badger, as white as the knot
of lace at her throat.
“And that’s why he inquired after Nick Carter,” declared Badger,
now beginning to see that a network might already be closing
around him.
“That’s what, Amos.”
“Do you know where Chick Carter went after leaving your rooms,
Vic?”
“Of course not. How should I?”
“He might have said.”
“He said he was going to Carter’s hotel.”
“Bosh!”
“I’ll tell you what I do know, however,” cried Vic, hit with an
afterthought.
“What’s that?”
“I know that this young devil must have got into that hamper
while Chick Carter was in my rooms, Amos, and it’s a hundred to one
that the two were at work on this case together.”
“Gee! she’s hit me good and hard this time,” thought Patsy,
wishing he might have throttled her to silence. “Now there will be
something doing, I’ll go the limit on that.”
He read aright the faces of those around him.
The significance of Vic Clayton’s declaration was utterly
irresistible.

“What do you say to that?” thundered Badger, striding closer to
Patsy, with his features livid and convulsed with rage.
“I dunno what she’s talking about,” protested Patsy coolly.
“You lie!” roared Conley. “You are one of Nick Carter’s helpers, or
——”
“Stop a bit!” interrupted Badger, with frightful austerity. “We’ll
soon know whether he is or not!”
“What d’ye mean?”
“I’ll get the truth out of him!” snorted Badger. “Bring him after
me, back to the garage. I’ll make him confess the truth and tell us
where we stand. We’ll string him up by the neck to one of the
beams—and there he shall hang unless he tells the whole truth!
Bring him along, you two, and look lively! I’ll go on ahead and open
the doors.”
“Yes, there’s something doing!” thought Patsy, contemplating his
imminent peril. “They are going to try hanging me—but they’ll try in
vain! Yet I rather hope Chick may show up in time to save my
precious neck.”
These thoughts passed through Patsy’s mind while he was being
rudely hustled out of doors by Conley and Hyde, while Amos Badger
hurried on in advance.
Both women followed, too alarmed by the impending peril to
endure the suspense of remaining behind.
“They care nothing for me, or my neck,” thought Patsy. “Like the
she devils of ancient Rome, once having tasted blood, they thirst for
more.”
As he was hurried into the basement by Conley, he saw that the
sliding door had been opened and that Badger was again lighting
the lantern.
This no sooner was done than the dastardly knave, blind to all
except the impulses of his utter desperation, quickly threw a rope
over a beam near the ceiling, then knotted a slip-noose around
Patsy’s neck.

Patsy stood directly under the beam, as cool as if he was only
about to be weighed.
“Get hold of that rope, you two!” cried Badger fiercely.
Conley and Hyde sprang to the lax strip of line.
The two women, bred though they were to evil, drew back with
awed white faces and dilated eyes.
“Now, youngster, what do you say?” thundered Badger,
confronting Patsy with face livid and eyes ablaze.
Patsy met him eye to eye.
“Only what I’ve said already,” he curtly replied.
“Nothing more?”
“Nothing more, mister!”
“Nor less?”
“Nor less!”
“Up with him!” roared Badger, turning fiercely to his
confederates.
Patsy felt the rope draw taut around his neck.
Just then, however, from some quarter outside, there rang out
upon the still evening air the sharp, spiteful crack of a revolver.
It was mingled with a single agonized yelp—and a bloodhound
lay stretched upon the greensward, shot squarely between his eyes!

Test Bank for Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles, 7th Edition: William Stallings

CHAPTER XIX.
NICK CARTER’S ESCAPE.
Silence and darkness.
It was in these that Nick Carter was left confined at an earlier
hour that eventful evening, bound hand and foot, and with his back
propped against the cold stone wall of the disused wine-vault.
It would be an injustice to him, however, to those inherent
qualities and rare abilities which had made him what he was, to
neglect depicting his movements during the time his captors were so
pressingly engaged with Patsy.
Of Chick and Patsy’s discoveries and designs since he parted
from them at the Adams House that morning, Nick, of course, was
entirely ignorant.
That they had so quickly suspected something wrong because of
his absence, or that he could depend upon them for any immediate
assistance, he did not for a moment imagine. For it was then only a
few hours after the time they had agreed to meet, and any ordinary
incident might have detained him that long.
Yet Amos Badger had no sooner closed the door of the wine-
vault than Nick Carter began to think about making his escape.
“Whatever I accomplish,” he said to himself, “I must accomplish
alone. There is not much chance that Chick and Patsy have yet
discovered any clue to my whereabouts, even if they now suspect
that I have met with some beastly mishap, so I must figure upon
playing a lone hand in getting out of this place. I’ll make the
attempt, at least, and if——Hello! what’s the meaning of that, I
wonder?”

From some quarter outside, borne faintly to his ears, had come
the furious barking of a dog, mingled with the shouts of men and
the screams of women.
For half a minute Nick listened intently, but the startling sounds
were not prolonged, and presently only silence reigned in the wine-
vault.
Stop a bit—not quite silence only!
From one corner came a faint noise which Nick’s ear was quick to
detect.
It was the steady drip, drip, drip of water, from some point
higher than the floor.
Nick recalled seeing a stagnant pool in the corner from which the
dripping sounded, and he rightly inferred that there must be some
water-supply above, possibly in the stable, and that a considerable
leak existed.
“My first work must be that of getting my hands at liberty,” he
soliloquized, after a few moments.
They were tied behind him, but that mattered little to Nick Carter.
While the lantern was in the vault, during his talk with Badger,
Nick had visually examined the surrounding stone walls, and had
discovered several places where the rough corners of the stones
protruded a little, forming tolerably sharp edges.
Against one of these he backed, after rising to his feet with some
difficulty, until he could bring the rope about his wrists to bear
against the edge of the stone.
Then he began sawing it up and down, at an expense of some
little skin from his knuckles, and at the end of five minutes he felt
one of the strands give and break. Then, with a mighty effort, he
succeeded in breaking the entire rope, and the liberation of his
hands at once became easy.
“Now, if you come down here, Badger, you’ll meet with a warmer
reception than before,” he determinedly muttered, while he set to
work at the ropes around his ankles.

In three minutes his limbs also were free, and Nick coolly tossed
the ropes aside.
“Next, to find a way out of here,” was his mental comment.
He had observed that no window existed, and he had but little
hope of being able to force the heavy door, having been deprived of
his knife and revolver.
After examining the door, to which he groped through the
darkness, he decided that he could accomplish nothing there.
The constant dripping of the water could still be heard, however,
and Nick now shrewdly reasoned:
“That water must have some avenue of escape, and it may run
under the foundation wall in that corner. If it does, the soil should be
soft and muddy, and I may be able to dig my way out, or, at least, to
work under the wall and learn what lies beyond it. I’ll give it a try, at
all events.”
As he groped toward the corner, he stumbled over one of the
empty beer-kegs previously mentioned.
“Ha! here’s just the thing, providing I can smash it,” he said to
himself. “One of these oak staves will serve admirably for a spade.”
Gripping the keg by the chimes, he hurled it with all of his
strength against one of the walls.
There was a double effect.
First, the keg snapped and cracked loudly, as several of the
staves yielded under the terrific blow.
Second, an instant later, a bit of rock from the wall fell with a
splash into the pool of water.
Nick then examined the wall.
He found that the constant leakage from above had softened the
old cement and mortar, and that the stones in this locality might be
removed with almost any stout implement.
In half a minute he had the beer-keg demolished and one of the
stout staves in his hand.

With this he next attacked the stonework near the pool, and for
ten minutes he worked as vigorously and rapidly as the darkness
permitted.
Then he had two of the lower stones hauled out of the wall, and
a space made large enough to crawl through.
Listening at this opening, he could now detect another sound
quite near-by. It was the occasional stamping of horses, evidently in
their stalls.
“H’m!” grunted Nick. “I’m not sure that I’m out of the place, after
all. This hole will evidently lead me into a basement under the
stable, or the carriage-house. By Jove! it may be that Badger has a
place of concealment down here for his horses, those occasionally
used for a hold-up. I’ll speedily ascertain.”
Crawling with some little difficulty through the hole in the wall,
Nick rose to his feet on the outer side, and groped carefully through
the gloom.
Suddenly his extended hands came in contact with—an
automobile!
He was in the interior garage, the secret hiding-place of Badger’s
several cars.
It had taken Nick half an hour to accomplish all this, however,
and before he could fix upon anything definite as to his present
location, he heard voices outside, and a door hurriedly opened.
“H’m!” he mentally grunted. “Are my captors returning? They’ll
find me ready for them this time!”
Then he crouched quickly back of the car with which he had
come in contact.
The sliding door had suddenly opened, and the light from the
wall lamp outside shot into the extension cellar.
The instant Nick’s eyes fell upon the row of automobiles, he
guessed the whole truth concerning the place.
His interest, however, chiefly centered in two men who were
hurriedly rushing a third into the place, closely followed by two

women, while Badger was hastening to light a lantern.
“Good Heaven!” mentally exclaimed Nick. “Their captive is Patsy!”
He watched and waited, deducing more and more from the little
he heard, and all the while his stern white features, still swathed
with bandages, grew hard as flint.
Patsy felt the rope tighten about his neck.
Then sounded the revolver-shot from outside.
Next a dark form bounded out from back of the touring-car—
bounded out with the leap of an angry lion.
Two clenched hands rose and fell, and two men dragging upon a
rope cast over a beam were sent senseless to the earth, quivering in
every muscle, as an ox quivers when felled in the shambles.
Then two hands closed around Amos Badger’s throat, and in the
miscreant’s ears rang a voice and words that took all the strength
and manhood, if any of the latter was there, completely out of him.
“It will be you, Badger, not I!”
“Whoop la!” shrieked Patsy. “It’s Nick himself!”
Two women, frightened for their miserable lives, turned and ran
toward the open door—only to rush into the ready arms of Chick
Carter.
Chick had arrived at the edge of the woods only a short time
before, and had seen Patsy brought out of the house and into the
basement of the garage. Hastening to cross the lawn and lend a
hand, as he had promised, Chick had encountered the bloodhound,
killing him with a single well-directed shot, and then had rushed on
and into the garage, just in time to head off Vic Clayton and Claudia
Badger when they turned to flee.
The rest may be briefly told, for a more complete and successful
round-up could hardly be imagined. In less than ten minutes the
entire gang were in irons, and thirty minutes later they were taking a
ride in the local patrol-wagon, instead of a Packard car.
The exposure of their rascally scheme also was complete when
the case came to trial, a little later, for Nick Carter found in and

about the house and stable ample evidence to prove that his
deductions had from the very first been entirely correct.
Fortunately, too, he found letters and clues enabling him to trace
much of the stolen property upon which Badger had realized
thousands of dollars, and which ultimately was restored to its
rightful owners.
In Badger’s safe Nick found his own watch and chain, but the
money of which he had been robbed was missing. He had in his
success with the case, however, a reward that far more than offset
his trivial loss.
Dumfounded when informed by what means the Boston
detectives had been baffled in their efforts to discover these road
robbers, Chief Weston’s gratitude to Nick was equaled only by his
bitterness for Sandy Hyde, and he made sure that the treacherous
scamp should receive a sentence as long as the others of the Badger
gang—and that was one of years.
Long before the release of any of them, the Badger place near
Brookline had passed into other hands, sold under a heavy
mortgage, and from that time Tremont Street knew the notorious
Madame Victoria no more.
One and all of them passed, as they deserved, out of the public
mind and out of the hearts and lives of friendly acquaintances—from
the moment that Nick Carter showed them in their true colors and
closed upon them the door of a prison cell.
THE END.
Order your copy now of the next brilliant story by Nicholas Carter
to appear under the title of “A Master of Deviltry,” in the New Magnet
Library, No. 1174.

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