The 10 properties of liquid
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The document discusses several key properties of liquids including surface tension, capillary action, viscosity, incompressibility, diffusibility, evaporation, the cooling effect of evaporation, vapor pressure, boiling point, and heat of vaporization. Surface tension is created by cohesive forces between liquid molecules that cause them to "tighten their hold" on the surface. Capillary action refers to the spontaneous flow of liquid into narrow tubes due to adhesion between the liquid and tube walls and cohesion within the liquid. Viscosity measures a liquid's resistance to flow, while incompressibility refers to how little a liquid can be compressed compared to a gas.
The 10 properties of liquid
- 1. Properties of liquids SURFACE TENSION CAPILLARY ACTION VISCOSITY INCOMPRESSIBILITY DIFFUSIBILITY EVAPORATION COOLING EFFECT OF EVAPORATION VAPOR PRESSURE BOILING POINT HEAT OF VAPORIZATION
- 2. Surface tension Is the force that causes the molecules on the surface of a liquid to “tighten their hold to one another”, creating the effect of a thin membrane on the surface.
- 3. Cohesion Cohesion refers to the attraction of molecules to other molecules of the same kind.
- 4. Cohesion creates Surface Tension
- 7. Adhesion
- 8. Adhesion is the attraction of one kind of molecule to a different kind, and it can be quite strong for water, especially with other molecules bearing positive or negative charges.
- 10. Capillary action describes the spontaneous flow of a liquid into a narrow tube or porous material. This movement does not require the force of gravity to occur
- 11. Adhesion enables water to “climb” upwards through thin glass tubes (called capillary tubes) placed in a beaker of water. This upward motion against gravity, known as capillary action, depends on the attraction between water molecules and the glass walls of the tube (adhesion), as well as on interactions between water molecules (cohesion).
- 13. Viscosity
- 14. Viscosity is a measure of how much a liquid resists flowing freely.
- 16. Incompressibility of liquid Liquid molecules are already close touching one another so when force is applied, it can be compress a little. Compared to gas there is a great compression.
- 18. Diffusibility A property of liquid that makes another liquid or a solid may dissolve or diffuse through it.
- 19. Evaporation
- 20. Evaporation is the process by which an element or compound transitions from its liquid state to its gaseous state below the temperature at which it boils; in particular, the process by which liquid water enters the atmosphere as water vapor.
- 22. Cooling effect of evaporation Evaporative cooling uses the fact that water will absorb a relatively large amount of heat in order to evaporate.
- 23. Vapor pressure In a close container, the space above the liquid becomes saturated with vapor and an equilibrium state exists between the liquid and vapor.
- 24. Boiling point Is a temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the external pressure.
- 25. Heat of vaporization Energy required to change a liquid at its boiling point.
Editor's Notes
- #4: and water molecules have strong cohesive forces thanks to their ability to form hydrogen bonds with one another
- #12: The water molecules are more strongly attracted to the glass than they are to other water molecules (because glass molecules are even more polar than water molecules). You can see this by looking at the image below: the water extends highest where it contacts the edges of the tube, and dips lowest in the middle. The curved surface formed by a liquid in a cylinder or tube is called a meniscus.
- #15: A liquid that flows very slowly is said to be more viscous than a liquid that flows easily and quickly