Types of Solid
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The document discusses the properties and classifications of solids, highlighting crystalline solids that have orderly arrangements of particles, and amorphous solids lacking such structure. It describes various types of solids including ionic, molecular, covalent network, and metallic solids, detailing their characteristics, examples, and bonding types. Overall, it emphasizes the differences in structure, melting points, and conductivity among these solid types.
Types of Solid
- 1. A solid is a collection of atoms or molecules that are held together so that, under constant conditions, they maintain a defined shape and size. Solids, of course, are not necessarily permanent.
- 3. Lattice is what gives us those crystalline solid It is a set of points, regularly arranged in space, for which the environment of each point is identical Repeating
- 5. A method that uses x-rays to determine the microscopic structures of crystalline solid
- 9. It is a solid in which the constituent particles (atoms, ions, or molecules) have an orderly arrangement, that is, it has regularly arranged structure units with characteristic geometric forms. Having flat surface and sharp edges. Examples: Gems, Salts, Sugar and Ice
- 10. are those in which the atoms, ions, or molecules that make up the solid exist in a regular, well-defined arrangement. The smallest repeating pattern of crystalline solids is known as the unit cell, and unit cells are like bricks in a wall—they are all identical and repeating. Considered as true solid
- 12. From the Greek word for “Without Form” Are considered super cooled liquids or Pseudo Solids The particles do not have a repeating lattice pattern do not have much order in their structures. Though their molecules are close together and have little freedom to move, they are not arranged in a regular order as are those in crystalline solids.
- 13. These solids are the results of the melting, cooling, and solidifying of liquids before the particles can achieve internal order (like glass) or having large molecules that are tangled together (like rubber and plastic Some amorphous solids, such as window glass, are hard, brittle, and have a high melting point, while other amorphous solids, such as rubber or plastic, are soft and have very low melting points.
- 14. It does not have a definite melting point, instead, it melts gradually over a range of temperatures, because the bonds do not break all at once. This means an amorphous solid will melt into soft, malleable state(candle wax) before turning completely into a liquid Common examples of this type of solid are glass, rubber, gels and plastics. Another example include thin film lubricants, metallic glasses, polymers, and gels
- 17. Amorphous Solids
- 21. Made up of positive and negative ions Held together by electrostatic attractions. They’re characterized by very high melting points and brittleness and are poor conductors in the solid state. They tend to crackle and crush down on heating An example of an ionic solid is table salt, NaCl.
- 23. Made up of atoms and/or molecules Held together by London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces, or hydrogen bonds. Characterized by low melting points and flexibility and are poor thermal and electrical conductivity An example of a molecular solid is sugar, dry ice,CO2, H2O.
- 26. Are Giant molecules or Macromolecules Made up of atoms connected by covalent bonds; the intermolecular forces are covalent bonds as well. Characterized as being very hard with very high melting points and being poor conductors. The sheets of graphite are held together by only weak London forces Examples of this type of solid are diamond and graphite, and the fullerenes.
- 29. Made up of metal atoms and molecules Held together by metallic bonds. Characterized by high melting points, can range from soft and malleable to very hard Good conductors of electricity. All metallic elements: Cu, Na, Zn, Fe, and Al.