The concept and architecture of learning cell
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The document proposes the concept of a "learning cell" as a new unit for organizing and sharing learning resources. A learning cell aggregates related educational content, activities, tools, and records into a single extensible resource that can evolve over time. It utilizes a semantic network model rather than a hierarchical structure to categorize information. The architecture supports sharing learning cells across systems and devices through a cloud-based runtime environment.
The concept and architecture of learning cell
- 1. Learning Resource Design and Sharing in Ubiquitous Learning Environment ——The Concept and Architecture of Leaning Cell Shengquan Yu toyusq@gmail.com http://www.etc.edu.cn Beijing July, 2011 School of Education Technology , Beijing Normal University
- 2. 1.The Concept and Architecture of Leaning Cell
- 3. Progresses of Learning Resource Sharing Technologies Reusable SCORM IMS LD Learning Unit Learning objects Learning activities Share of learning content Engineering methods and standards for learning content sharing share of education strategies and learning designs Future path? How to share generative information during learning process How to evolve learning content to adapt to all personalized demands? How to share social cognition network as well as resources? How to share interactive learning tools? How to implement content aggregation based semantic technology? How to relate learning processes? •More aggregation：form single resource to highly aggregated and complex resources •Extending sharing scope：from learning content to learning process and strategies •Technology upgrades：from static learning resources to learning tools & dynamic human wisdom sharing
- 4. Ubiquitous Learning • On demand: Anytime, Anywhere, Mobile… But more: • Social • Situated • Context awareness • Adaptive
- 5. Learning Resource Needed in Ubiquitous Learning • Anything about everything • Adaptive: learning needs & all kinds of devices • Collective intelligences • Evolutive resources • Situated Knowledge: help learner solve real similar problems
- 6. Deficiencies of Current Learning Technologies(1) • On the background of Knowledge-explosion, the speed of knowledge updating is more and more faster • Current learning technologies only support single direction information delivery – Experts provide content and solutions as information producers – Learners are information consumers – Ignores the valuable information generated during learning process – Has a longer resource update cycle and a longer distance to users’ actual needs
- 7. Deficiencies of Current Learning Technologies(2) • Lifelong learning and informal learning will be popular; ubiquitous learning also has a brighter prospect. Thus, there is large need for learning resources and designs that fits the learning on demand. • Current learning technologies emphasize formal learning, lacking of exploration and research for informal learning. – How to design content for discrete user attentions – How to share learning content on micro-granularity – How to adapt display on all kinds of mobile devices – ……
- 8. Deficiencies of Current Learning Technologies(3) • Learning is not just to know knowledge itself, but to grasp learning methods, ways to get knowledge, and to build up a network where knowledge and human interact with each other • Current learning technologies emphasize learning resources and activities sharing in a close structure – Ignores the continuous updating of learning resources – Ignores dynamic and generative connection of learning resources – Ignores building up dynamic relationships between learners and teachers with learning resources
- 9. This research try to proposal a new kind of learning source organizing model——Learn Cell
- 10. The Concept of ”Learning Cell” • The meaning of “cell” – Component: learning cells can compose higher-level learning resources – Origin : learning cells grow from small to big, from weak to strong – Nerve cell: unite to get intelligence • Units that can reunite dynamically Component • standard • Growing resources Origin • Absorb collective intelligence & wisdom • Network according to semantic relation Nerve cell • Intelligence, communication ability
- 11. “Learning Cell” • Generative • Connectivity • Micro-granularity • Evolvable • Cohesive • Intelligent • Social • Open, communicates with other resources • Adaptive to multiple end-devices and platforms
- 12. Features of “Learning Cell”(1) • Learning cell is structural knowledge network – Interior：integrate content, activities and practices with extensible knowledge representation model – Exterior：different learning cells interact to build up a larger knowledge network Objective Learning Learning instruction content activities Tool Base： BBS Interactive Q&A Online survey Online quiz Practice Assessment Subject tool ……
- 13. Aggregation Model • Different from tree structure of learning objects’ aggregation model, the aggregation model of “learning cell” is a dynamic network • From resource organization to knowledge organization; From linear tree-form structure to network structure course chapter chapter chapter paragraph paragraph paragraph Knowledge Knowledge Knowledge unit unit unit Hierarchy Semantic network aggregation model aggregation model
- 14. Features of “Learning Cell”(2) • Runtime information communication through open services – “Learning cell” is open structured, and can communicate with other applications and share information – Resource sharing over organizations and systems 2 3 Learning Cell Service tool tell grab library Environment Run Time 1 Information Learning needed by cell 5 4 learning service put in get cells (or link)
- 15. Features of “Learning Cell”(3) • The evolution of resources – Elements of learning cells include current version information, editing process description(e.g.: notes or revisions) and past versions. – The evolution and development is not aimlessly ,but in a structured and aggregated way, which is related to the interior knowledge structure model • The growth of resources – Save procedural information when learning resources are used. – E.g. discussion records in BBS, practice feedback, and evaluation results.
- 16. the Growth of Knowledge 1 2 3 4 time 2009-03-12 2009-04-07 2009-04-28 2009-05-09
- 17. the Growth of Collective Intellgence • Describe users and editors in LCs, relate physical resources to human resources • Making LMSs share social network as well as physical resources through sharing LCs between cross-domain systems
- 18. Learning Cell：from link information to link people .htm .htm .jpg .jpg .msg .htm .htm .htm .doc .htm
- 19. Learning Cell：from link information to link people .msg .xls .htm .htm .jpg .jpg .htm .msg .htm .doc
- 20. Features of “Learning Cell”(4) ——the Growth of Knowledge Using semantic technology to represent, inquiry and reasoning knowledge
- 21. Gene of “learning cell” • Semantic model for disciplinary knowledge – Knowledge relation • Upper-basic • Part-whole • predecessor-posterity • foundation-development • equivalence • correlation – extensible – Reasoning foundation
- 22. Co-editing, Editing Learning activities, records Assessment Activity records Communication service, records Test & Assessment Metadata, aggregation model Knowledg content e ontology practice Multiple Service interface assessmen format activit Sharable t ies learning Generative resources information Usage records Learning cells stored Learning in cloud-computing community Generative environment information
- 23. Glacier Model of” learning cell”
- 24. Logical Structure of “Learning Cell” Metadata, Aggregation Model Learning tool Learning community Content Learning content Knowledge Practice Learning activities ontology Learning Service interface assessment Learning records Multiple Semantic relation format Assess Activities ment Cloud-computing environment Generative for Learning service information
- 26. Net-Structured Aggregation Model • The formation of dynamic link – Creators of learning cells aggregate related learning cells into a larger knowledge network – Users of learning cells discover related learning cells or other learning resources during learning process, and put them in a personalized knowledge network – By setting subject keywords, similar learning cells and resources are searched automatically with the assistance of some semantic analysis functions to find new links – Analyze intelligently other learning cells that users have visited, to find out related element and form links – Users can find learning partners through links of learning cells to form social network links among users
- 27. Comparison of “Reusable Learning Unit”, “Learning Object”, “Learning Activity” and “Learning Cell” Standardized Share Scope Evolution Resource Producers Design Reusable No Instruction material No Experts Learning cell Learning Yes Structured learning content Reconstruction Experts, teachers object allowed participate little Learning Yes Content and correspondent Reconstruction teachers participate activity education design, methods and allowed in more production process Learning Yes Integrated learning information, not Content and All participants can cell just current content, but also past structure can be producers, version content and the knowledge- evolve including students construction processes; not just dynamically content delivery, but also activities, tools, practices and assessments; not just preset information, but also procedural information generated during learning process and social network; not just learning content but also learning cognitive wisdom
- 28. 2. Running Time Environment for Learning Cell
- 29. Architecture Aggregate to Course Create Back to Content Learning cell Create Storage Learning Cell Edit tools Repository Call Learning Environment Connecting Inquire & Learn Recording Learning Portfolio Learning Interactive Learning Tools
- 30. n to 1 learning 2.Running time environment based cloud- computing technology provides service according to user’s request: – The most suited content – Related content – Usage records of the learning content – Evaluation records of the learning content – Editing records of the learning content – Tools for the learning content 4.Though the Learning services interface, connect with: – Other learners who use the same learning services content – Experts that edit the content – Join the activities for the learning content Learning – Then absorb experience, build learning relation, form learning community, promote multiple service evolution and development of learning cells interface 3. Send back the learning cell and related information 1. Users choose a learning cell to start learning process
- 31. Learning pattern – Learning by reading/ learning by listening/ learning by watching (接受中学) • 基于学习对象的学习模式 – Learning by doing/ acting （做中学） • 基于学习活动的学习模式 – 学习元 学习环境通过将内容与活动、资源的无 缝整合，实现了以上两种学习方式的融合，使 学习者可以在学习内容的过程中，自然而然的 进入与内容密切相关的学习活动，实现更好的 学习体验
- 32. Learning pattern – Learning by connecting（联系中学） • 通过知识的语义关联和可视化导航，在知识的相互联 系中整体把握知识结构，从多个角度审视和思考，加 深对知识的理解，并有利于激发灵感和促进创新 – Learning by re-organizing（重构中学） • 通过学习元 聚合工具，学习者可以自由的组合和管 理多个小的知识单元，建构自己的知识体系，促进知 识管理 – Learning Comparing（同题异解，在比较中学）
- 33. Learning pattern – Learning by reflection（反思中学） • 学习者不仅能学习当前的内容，而且能看到一个知 识单元生长和建构的历史轨迹，在这一过程性的情 境中反思知识的内在逻辑； • 学习元 环境为学习者保留了详细的学习记录，并提 供练习和评价，促进学习者在学习过程中对自身学 习的反思 – Learning by communicating（交流中学） • 学习者不止是通过物化的学习对象获取知识，更能 够通过学习对象关联到的专家、学习者，构建与学 习内容密切相关的社会认知网络，在交流中充分吸 收他人的智慧
- 34. Learning pattern – Learning by teaching（教中学） • 学习者在交流、协同编辑的过程中，可能经常性的切换 “教”与“学”的角色。许多研究表明，在“教”的过 程中，往往能够深化施教者对所教授内容的记忆和理解 – Learning by creating（创造中学） • 学习元 学习者不仅是被动的接受知识，而且可以在综合 、重组、反思、交流的基础上，形成结构化的表达，主 动的贡献智慧，创建新的知识内容 • 学习元 学习环境为其提供了开放的创造氛围和便捷的工 具，并且通过知识本体和投票与审核结合的机制，保证 多人协同创造的内容生长方向，为学习与创新相结合提 供了较为理想的平台
- 35. Run-time Environment of “Learning Cell” Terminals “Learning cell” underlying environment Information Location resource Resource transmission database PC controller information Detect inf. Resource index Information materials Receive inf. Resource search dispatch Request Universal network Analyze inf. Resource location Resource search PDA Resource history Learning cell Public terminal extraction Wireless Internet Active adaper Learning cell runs Network Learning Grow Divide cells Device type API API White board Responce Display adaper Screen size Learning User Screen resolution Cell Trace API Learning cell informatio transmission storage n Smart phone Learning service interface Learning Learning Learning Learning Learning Learning Semantic ... tools community content activity assessment records relation Mobile TV ...
- 36. Summary Learning cell…… Extends shareable learning resources in space dimension Extends shareable learning resources in time dimension Adopts semantic aggregation mode, integrating content provided by different learners according to certain knowledge structure, which is a more practical resource sharing and co-editing mode. Utilizing cloud-computing and SOA technologies, making the platform highly open and extensible; On one hand, learning cells that are deposited in distributed devices and systems can be shared; on the other hand, it supports plug-in tools, providing multiple content and functions. • Projects – CETV: “New Media Learning Supermarket” – Higher Education Press: ”Knowledge Community”
- 37. Research progress • Prototype system of learning cell ——English version &Chinese version • Website： http://lcell.bnu.edu.cn
- 38. Research progress • Visual tag cluster
- 39. Research progress • Visual tag navigator
- 40. Research progress • Visual tag navigator
- 41. Research progress • Visual relation edit
- 42. Research progress • Domain resource aggregation（领域资源聚合）
- 43. Research progress • Knowledge network service
- 44. Research progress • Open gadget tools
- 45. Research progress • Split Scorm package to Learning Cells
- 46. Research progress • Visual history version
- 47. Research progress • Version comparison
- 48. Research progress • Collaborative building of knowledge ontology
- 49. Research progress • Resource association
- 50. Research progress • Dynamic metadata search
- 51. Team research focus • Orderly evolution of u-Learning resource • Personalized recommendation of u-Learning resource • Design of visual interpersonal knowledge cloud • Construction and application of the mutilple learning model based on learning cell • Self-adaption of learning content on multi-devices • Collaborative knowledge building based on leaning cell
- 52. Thanks for your comment! Website: http://www.etc.edu.cn