the desigen and implementation of geographic information systems to support food and energy security

CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
Coordinator : Yandra Arkeman, Dr. M.Eng
(Departement of Agroindustrial Technology, IPB)
Co-Coordinator: Nastiti Siswi Indrasti, Prof. Dr. Ir.
(Head of Departemen of Agroindustrial Technology, IPB)
International Experts:
1. Kenneth De Jong, Prof.
(George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA)
2. Kim Bryceson, Prof.
(School of Agriculture and Food Science , University of Queensland, Australia)
3. Haruhiro Fujita, Prof.
(Department of Information Systems, Niigata University for International and
Information Studies Japan)
4. Gajendran Kandamsany, Dr. (United Kingdom)
5. Noel Lindsay, Prof. (University of Adelaide, Australia)
Committee Members from IPB:
1. Kudang Boro Seminar, Prof.
(Departement of Mechanical & Bio-system Engineering, IPB)
2. Marimin, Prof.
3. Endang Gumbira Said, Prof.
4. Suprihatin, Prof.
(Secretary of Departement of Agroindustrial Technology, IPB)
5. Ono Suparno, Prof.
6. Agus Buono, Dr.
(Head of Department of Computer Science, IPB)
PROCEEDINGS
2nd
International Conference on Adaptive and Intelligent Agroindustry (ICAIA)
September 16 – 17, 2013, IPB International Convention Center
Bogor – Indonesia
Organized by :
Departement of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and
Technology Bogor Agricultural University
George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
Indonesian Agroindustry Association (AGRIN)
Bogor, Desember 2013
Frekwensi Terbitan : 1 Tahunan
Nomor ISSN : 2354-9041

i
WELCOMING ADDRESS
Prof. Dr. Ir. Nastiti Siswi Indrasti
Head of Agroindustrial Technology Department
Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology
Bogor Agricultural University
On
Second International Conference on Adaptive and Intelligence Agroindustry (2nd
ICAIA)
Bogor, September, 16 – 17, 2013
Assalamu’alaikum Warohmatullahi Wabarokatuh
In the name of Allah, the beneficent and the merciful,
Distinguish Guest, Ladies and Gentlemen
Let me first thank you all for accepting the invitation to participate in this 2nd
International Conference on
Adaptive and Intelligence Agroindustry (ICAIA). In particular I would like to thank Rector of IPB (Institut
Pertanian Bogor/Bogor Agricultural University) Prof. Herry Suhardiyanto for supporting this event as part
of the series academic event in celebrating the 50th
Anniversary of Bogor Agricultural University.
In fact, the idea of organizing this conference was the continuation of the International Workshop on
Computational Intelligence and Supercomputing Technology for Adaptive Agroindustry held by the
Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University last year.
Professor Kenneth A De Jong from George Mason University, US has successfully conducted joint
international research with some staff from the Department of Agroindustrial Technology and Department
of Computer Science, Bogor Agricultural University. The research aims to develop an integrated and
intelligent system (namely SMART-TIN©) for the design of adaptive agroindustrial system in order to
achieve a sustainable agroindustry that can mitigate global climate change and at the same time secure food,
water, energy and natural medicine supply.
We are certainly proud to have been able to assemble this event in IPB, Bogor. The range of participants
and audience at this conference is precisely something I would like to stress. The main goal of the
conference is to provide an effective forum for distinguished speakers, academicians, professional and
practitioners coming from universities, research institutions, government agencies and industries to share or
exchange their ideas, experience and recent progress in Adaptive and Intelligent Agroindustry.
Distinguish Guest, Ladies and Gentlement,
Global climate change is the most challenging problems for us today and in the near future. This global
change in our climate can lead to the shortage of the food, water, bioenergy and natural medicine that will
affect the quality of human life. Many studies indicate that the threat of food, water, bioenergy and natural
medicine crisis due to global climate change still worries our society. This problem can be solved by the
development of agroindustry, i.e. an interrelated value chain entities from farming, to agro-processing
industry and then to the end-customers. In fact, the design of agroindustry is complex and involves many
factors and large data bases and more importantly, needs a good intelligence to process data and
information to good decisions. Therefore, the way to design and manage agroindustry should be improved
in order to meet the design objectives.
Agroindustries consume quite significant amount of energy on one side, on the other side they generate
sizable amount of industrial wastes and its utilization as a captive energy resource is a kind of potential.
Based on our study, a plywood industry with the production capacity of 200.000 m3
/year could generate 32
percentage of solid waste. If this amount of waste used as an energy alternative, it may result on the saving
of 131.037.768.597 rupiah per month. Similar to plywood industry, sugarcane industry with the production
capacity of 480 ton per hour could generate 154 ton per hour of waste (bagasse) and this amount of waste
contribute to the saving of energy consuming by 19.250 Kwh. Recent study we conducted, indicated that
cassava starch industry may contribute to a significant amount of waste. It has also potential usage as an
energy resource. Based on our study the conversion of its waste into energy will contribute to the saving of
energy usage of 4100 liter biogas per ton material.
The three industries mentioned is only examples of how potential the role of agroindustrial waste as an
alternative resource in replacing the conventional energy resource as its presence will be significantly

ii
reduced. The new, incremental energy contributions that can be obtained from waste biomass will depend
on future government policies, on the rates of fossils fuel depletion, and on extrinsic and intrinsic economic
factors, as well as the availability of specific residues in areas where they can be collected and utilized. All
of these factors should be in detail examined to evaluate the development of the industrial waste
contribution. Hope this conference will also discuss this issue in more detail as it is an important matter for
all of us. We should no more think just how to produce high value product but it is also necessarily
important how to keep our live in good quality by understanding following old saying…” only when the
last tree has been cut, only when the last fish has been angled, and only when the last river has been
polluted, then we realized that we could not eat money”.
I do not to take up any more of your time with these opening remarks. Let me simply thank you once again
for sharing your thoughts with us. Here’s wishing every success for the conference. May Allah bless all of
us.
Thank you for your kind attention,
Wassalamu’alaikum Warohmatullahi Wabarokatuh

iii
AGENDA of
2nd
International Conference on Adaptive and Intelligent Agroindustry
(ICAIA)
Time Activities Room
Day 1 (16 September 2013)
08.00 – 09.00
(60’)
Registration
09.00 – 10.00
(60’)
Opening Ceremony
 Welcoming Address: Prof. NastitiSiswiIndrasti (Head of Dept TIN,
Fateta, IPB)
 Conference Opening: Prof. HerrySuhardiyanto(Rector of IPB)
o ABET Certification announcement and short ceremony
o Launching International Double Degree Master Program in
Innovation and Technopreneurship in Cooperation with University
of Adelaide, Australia
o Soft-launching Master in Logistik Agroindustri (Agroindustrial
Logistics)
Ballroom
10.00 – 10.45
(45’)
Opening Speeches:
Prof. IrawadiJamaran (Agroindustry Guru, IPB: 25’)
Prof. Eriyatno (Industrial and System Engineering, IPB: 20’)
Ballroom
Session 1
10.45 – 11.15
(30’)
Keynote Speech Dr. YandraArkeman (IPB) Ballroom
11.15 – 12.00
(45’)
Keynote Speech Prof. Kenneth De Jong (George Mason University, USA) Ballroom
12.00 – 13.30
(90’)
Lunch Break
Session 2
13.30 – 15.15
(105’)
Moderator: Prof. EndangGumbiraSa’id (IPB)
Invited Speakers (1-4) (4 x 20 minutes)
Discussion (25 minutes)
Tentative Schedule: Prof. Kim Bryceson (Australia), Prof. SyamsulMa’arif
(IPB), Prof. KudangBoro Seminar (IPB), Prof. HaruhiroFujita (Japan)
Ballroom
15.15 – 15.45
(30’)
Break
15.45 – 17.30
(105’)
Moderator: Prof. Marimin (IPB)
Tentative Schedule: Dr. Gajendran (UK), Prof. Noel Lindsay (University of
Adelaide), Dr. KuncoroHartoWidodo (UGM), Prof. UtomoSarjonoPutro (ITB)
Ballroom
Day 2 (17 September 2013)
08.00 – 08.30
(30’)
Registration
08.30 – 10.15
(105’)
Moderator: Prof. KudangBoro Seminar (IPB)
Prof. Egum (IPB), Prof. Marimin (IPB), Dr. AgusBuono (IPB), Dr. HeruSukoco (IPB)
10.15 – 10.30
(15’)
Coffee Break
10.30 – 12.30
(120’)
Parallel Session 1
Moderator: Prof.
Fujita
(7 paper @ 15
minutes)
Discussion (15
minutes)
Parallel Session 2
Moderator: Prof. Ono Suparno
(7 paper @ 15 minutes)
Parallel Session
Moderator: Prof. Suprihatin
(7 paper @ 15 minutes)

iv
12.30 – 13.30
(60’)
Lunch Break
13.30 – 15.00
(90’)
Open Discussion (Open Forum) with Prof. Kenneth De Jong
Topic: Foundations and Applications of Genetic/Evolutionary Algorithms
Ballroom
15.00 – 15.30
(30’)
Conference Closing Ballroom
15.30 – 17.00
(90’)
Indonesian Agroindustry Association (AGRIN) National Congress
(PIC: Prof. Suprihatin)
Ballroom
17.00 – 17.45
(45’)
Refreshment and Closing of AGRIN National Congress Ballroom

v
CONTENT LIST
Conference Committee
Welcoming Address ….………………………………………………….…………….................. i
Agenda of 2nd
ICAIA 2013.............................................................................................................. iii
Content List …………..………………………………………………......……………................. v
A. SMART-TIN© : An Integrated And Intelligent System For The Design Of
Adaptive Agroindustry (A Conceptual Framework) (Yandra Arkeman)
1‐9.
B. GHG Emission Reduction By Waste Cooking Oil Recycling In Environmental
Partnership Program Of Bogor City (Haruhiro Fujita, Atsushi Yoshimoto,
Katsuyuki Nakano,  Koji Okuhara, Noriaki Koide, Dadang Supriatna)
10‐16.
C. Challenge of Indonesian Logistics Infrastructure for Perishables Products
(Kuncoro Hartoto Widodo, Yandra Rahardian Perdana, Joewono Soemardjito)
17‐28.
D. Design Of Grouping Traditional Market  Distribution Using  Fuzzy Clustering And
Design of Routing of Packaging Cooking Oil From Distribution Center To
Traditional Market  Using Traveling Salesperson Problem– Genetic Algorithm in
Indonesia (Case‐Jakarta) (Teja Primawati Utami, Syamsul Maarif, Yandra
Arkeman, Liesbetini Hartoto)
29‐43.
E. Determining the degree of product rightness at the conceptual stage:A Case of
the Low Cost Green Car (Ade Febransyah, Fransisca Tharia)
44‐53.
F. Co‐Composting Process Of Bagasse And Sludge From Sugarcane  Industry With
Influence Of Difference Initial C/N Value And Aeration (Andes Ismayana, Nastiti
Siswi Indrasti, Tori Sane)
54‐62.
G. Analysis Of The Competitiveness Of The Agribusiness Sector Companies Using
Porter's Five Forces (M. Hudori)
63‐72.
H. Design And Optimization Of Agro‐Scm For Food And Energy Security In
Indonesia (Hoetomo Lembito, Kudang Boro Seminar, Nunung Kusnadi, Yandra
Arkeman)
73‐83.
I. Construction Of Patchouli Oil’s Price In West Java : A Structural Equation Model
(Isti Surjandari, Alan Dwi Wibowo, Erlinda Muslim, Nurwan Nugraha)
84‐90.
J. Optimization Vehicle Routing Problem With Cross Entropy Method And Branch
& Bound Algorithm (Iwan Aang Soenardi, Budi Marpaung)
91‐99.
K. Design And Optimization Of Agro‐Scm For Food And Energy A Remote
Monitoring System Of Broilers’ Behavior In A Multi‐Agent Broiler Closed House
System (K.B. Seminar, R. Afnan, M. Solahudin, Supriyanto, A.K. Wijayanto, M.Z.
Arifin, A. Fatikunnada)
100‐112.
L. Artificial Neural Network Model Based Capacitance Dielectric For Crackers Self‐
Life Prediction (Erna Rusliana Muhamaad Saleh, Erliza Noor, Taufik Djatna,
Irzaman)
113‐121.
M. Characterizing Temporal Dynamic Of Weather Variability To Support Decision
Making On Weed Control (Rizky Mulya Sampurno, Kudang B. Seminar, Yuli
Suharnoto, Mohamad Solahudin)
122‐130.

vi
N. Risk Management Model in Dairy Product Transportation With Fuzzy Logic
Approach (Winnie Septiani, Yandra Arkeman)
131‐141.
O. Strategy to Increase Institutional Capacity of Farmer Groups to Support the
Transportation System Agroindustry Products (Zulfiandri, Yandra Arkeman)
142‐156.
P. Adsorption Of Carotenoid From Palm Oil Methyl Ester By Using Attapulgite And
Synthetic Silica Magnesium As Adsorbent (Sapta Raharja, Prayoga Suryadarma,
Zuni Fitriyantini)
157‐163.
Q. High Accuracy Agroindustry Environment Monitoring System Based on Photonic
Crystal Sensor Network (Mamat Rahmat, Muhamad Azis, Erus Rustami, Wenny
Maulina, Kudang Boro Seminar, Arief Sabdo Yuwono, Husin Alatas)
164‐174.
R. Study on Effect ofTemperatureIncrease on the Productivity of Methanefrom
POME Fermentation (Sarono, E. Gumbira Said, Ono Suparno, Suprihatin, Udin
Hasanudin)
175‐180.
S. The Design and Implementation of Geographic Information Systems to Support
Food and Energy Security (Arif Purnomo Muji Basuki, Yandra Arkeman,
Musthofa)
181‐191.
T. Study Of White Crystal Sugar Distribution System In Indonesia (Suripto, Yandra
Arkeman)
192‐199.
U. Corncob Biodelignification Process Using White Rot Fungi (Liesbetini Hartoto,
Purwoko, Elis Nina Herliyana, Cucu Rina Purwaningrum)
200‐212.
V. Color Stability of Beet Dyes Label During Heating (Endang Warsiki, Asih
Setiautami)
213‐219.
W Precipitation Classification Using LVQ on Dry Season Base on Global Climate
Indices Case Study in Indramayu District (Indra Kelana Jaya, Agus Buono, Yandra
Arkeman)
220‐225.
X. Wood Identification Type By Using Support Vector Mechine‐Based Image (A.A.
Gede Rai Gunawan, Sri Nurdiati, Yandra Arkeman)
226‐232.
Y. Fuzzy Logic Systems and Applications in Agro‐industrial Engineering and
Technology (Marimin, Mushthofa)
233‐241.
Z. Adaptive Learning Model of Hypergame by using Genetic Algorithm: an
Application of Value Co‐creation in Service System (Case Study: Airline Service)
(Santi Novani, Utomo Sarjono Putro)

181
The Design and Implementation of Geographic Information
Systems to Support Food and Energy Security
Arif Purnomo Muji Basuki
Bogor Agriculture Institute (IPB Bogor)
Departemen of Computer Science and Agriculture Technology Industry
arif.purnomo.mb@gmail.com
Yandra Arkeman
yandra_ipb@yahoo.com
Musthofa
imoid@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
The extensive of oil palm and paddy fields plantations as the development of the area food
and bioenergy resources, especially in oil palm could be inversely due to changes in land use. Land
capacity analysis is a component of the balance sheet supporting natural resources. Calculating the
balance of land resource degradation of land resources due to land use are taken into account
included in the land use. The results provide an analysis of food-carrying capacity of land per region
has surplus food index category consists Indragiri Hilir, Rokan Hulu, sufficient food consists
Indragiri Hulu, Pelalawan, Rokan Hilir, low food consists Singingi Kuantan, Siak, Kampar,
Bengkalis, Meranti, Pekanbaru, Dumai based on the ratio of functions in producing bioenergy
plantations and agricultural land producing specialized agricultural food production. The capacity of
the soil conditions for bioenergy development surplus energy consists of Indragiri Hilir, Pelalawan,
Siak, Kampar, Rokan Hulu, sufficient energy condition consists of Singingi Kuantan, Indragiri hulu,
Bengkalis, Rokan hilir and low energy conditions consists of Meranti Islands, Pekanbaru and Dumai.
Keywords: The balance of land use, plantation, Geographical Information Systems
1. NTRODUCTION
Indonesia has been known for years as an agricultural country with agricultural
resources as its main economy prominent. Having a very large area used for agricultural
purposes, Indonesia has a variety of food crops that are seed commodities for its people
economy. Throughout years, the food production could not balance the growth of
population in a certain area.
The local government, representing the central authority, is reponsible to manage
local natural resosurces and address the food problems. The government has to take
measures which search for seed food commodities that will increase economy for the local
people. Another problem to address is the energy deficiency, particularly fossil fuel, that is
used for locals economy distribution.
At the regional level, natural resources are pivotal to improve local people’s welfare.
The natural resources, including land, are utilized for public interests, such as agriculture
and plantation areas, which are important for local development. When the use of land is
not based on the regulations, some problems may occur, particularly in ensuring food and
energy sustainability which are important factors that support the local development.
To describe the problems, the writer has taken some research materials. Based on
iterature review, that is Bioenergy and Food Security (BEFS, 2010), the writer looks at
problems and solutions in food and renewable energy, and a framework that is used as
guidance to develop biofuel energy, particularly that is made of oil palm, and increase food
production through land utilization for plantation.

182
The guidance framework is linked with general diagnose, technological environment
and improvement of social economic standard of people. The guidance consists of the
following components:
 Analysis on agricultural condition, i.e. agricultural land management, starting from
the production process, price, stocking and storage, and distribution to the market.
 Natural resources which can be used for developing food and energy products,
including forests, agriculture, plantation and water. These materials are of the focus of
this research.
 Technology to develop oil palm biofuel and food made of agriculture corps, such as
rice plant, increase the volume of production corps which can fulfil the energy needs,
and impacts of the biofuel use to the oil palm plantation environment, such as climate
change and greenhouse effect.
Referring to the bio-energy development, Global BioEnergy Partnership (GBEP)
supports the development of bioenergy sources in creating and resulting sustainable
alternative energy
GBEP describes the role of some components as indicators to analyse the sustainable
bioenergy process from environment, economy and social perspectives. These three entities
are Pillars that function as indicators in developing the bio-energy. Environment is a sub-
pillar that indicates the level of green house emission, soil quality, forestry land resource,
pollution, water environment quality, water use, environment and natural changes. Social
indicates natural resources management, production increasing and economic values of bio-
energy in the national level, changes in social economic level, births and deaths, and
diseases caused by the use of bio-energy. Economy sub pillar shows the production
economic values, balance of use, improvement in the production, use of energy, labor,
energy supply, bio-energy distribution, and bio-energy use capacity.
1.1 Food Security
The Government of Indonesia has regulated and defined food security as a
condition when there is an adequate food availability, both in number and quality, and safe,
equal access to it.
The Food Insecurity Atlas (FIA) 2005Food Security and Vulnerability Atlas (FSVA) draws
three pillars of food security:
(i) Food security means the physical availability of food products in a certain area, which
result from domestic production and trade or food aid. Some determinants are food
production per area, the width of agricultural land area, food supply derived from
market distribution mechanism, stock held by traders and in government reserves.
(ii) Food accessibilty is a household's ability to acquire an adequate amount of
carbohydrate as source of food. It is related with the volume of food supply.
(iii)Food utilization refers to a household’s use of the food to which they have access and
individuals’ ability to absorb and metabolize the nutrients of the food.
Pillar (i) is a source of information to make a research framework that is based on the
width of some types of land idenfitied by the Ministry of Forestry in 2009 and 2011, i.e. a
combination between dry agricultural land and farmland.
The Government of Indonesia has established a regulation on forestry moratorium to
protect peatland, primary and conservantion forests, and natural resources conservation.
The regulation is aimed to evaluate and manage the planning process of sustainable forest
management.
Meanwhile, the land which now functions as land for forestry use, including
agriculture, transmigration and mining, has reduced the width of land to keep natural
resources. Forest and land resources balance comprise of the forestry area and area used
based on identified type of land. Area resources include both areas as land reserves.

183
2. THEORETICAL RESEARCH
This study is based on the concept of GBEP Project, which aims to develop
bioenergy and vegetable oil resources. The vegetable oil is made of oil palm seeds which
are processed into Crude Palm Oil (CPO). The study is undertaken in some areas in one of
the provinces in Indonesia, that is Riau, which has a very large number of oil palm
plantation areas. The increasing oil palm production and a wider plantation areas have
increased the CPO productivity. The plantation area has land borders and utilization
function that are determined by procedures and permission. Information on the land that is
obtained from the Ministry of Forestry, which has responsibility to manage, regulate and
monitor utilization of land, is used as benchmark in the land management and changing
function of the land utilization. The government’s spatial data information which results
from image interpretation has been classified into specified function of forestry, agriculture,
plantation, and housing areas.
The function of forestry areas will change based on an agreement with the local
government. The changing of the area function will reduce the number of forest resources
reserve. Therefore, the forest resources will have a surplus or deficit values compared to
previous period.
When the forest resources decline, the land resources used will be surplus due to
the changing function of the land.
When the land use is changed to be oil palm plantation area, there is a change
factor from transmigration process carried out by an individu who owns the land that is
used for plantations; and the changing function of land due to plantation development.
The land use change from forest to plantation, housing, agriculture into
components for the preparation of the balance land resources per region. Preparation of
resource balance model area covers parts of forest resources and land resources.
Sources of data in this study is obtained from forests map during the moratorium
period and land utilization map in the period of 2009-2011, locations of oil palm
plantations and agricultural lands. Data also includes supporting data, including production,
productivity and labor that support the development of bio-energy and food.
2.1 Methodology
Geographic Information System (GIS) help the decision making process in
managing and finding the location of areas and lands. This is one of the measures to
develop bio-energy, specifically biofuel, from the oil palm and agricultural diversification
for food security.
Forest area is an indicator to show the changes of land use in the area and land
resources used in the development of agriculture and plantation. The forest carrying
capacity is a benchmark of sustainable development of the bioenergy and food, in terms of
land use.

184
Correlation between the elements of forest, agriculture and plantation, is a staple in
the calculation of energy balance and food security.When the forest area has lessened in
number, relevant stakeholder in an area will eventually take actions to monitor the
development of plantation and agricultural areas. Width of Plantation area shows
information on land use to be land resources in terms of passiva that will reduce the
capacity of forest area’s function. The correlation between the high passiva values is an
information when there is a changing use of areas from an environment, land condition and
social and economy. The stakeholders in the area should have a supporting information that
separate land activa and passiva elements.
Operational and development techniques of the geographic information system
consist of two data processing phrases:
Phrase 1: Operational process of geographic information system include preparation of
data on areas, forests, farms, plantations, rivers, and roads. Data
Data is obtained from the digitizing / topology / internal map of the
location data using Quantum GIS grographic software and information provided
by accountable government agencies; statistical data management of forests
plantations and farms; oil palm plantation company directory; and data in the
form of a digital map owned by the Ministry of Forestry which is included in the
operation, generating output in the form of maps and data tabulation.

185
Overlaying analysis performed on spatial data administration and forest
areas is a component of forest resources, while administrative areas and
agriculture are components of land resources. Concept development system
used Object Oriented Programming (OOP).
Phrase 2: Object data table and map are processed from a database management system
function into a geographic information system function. Spatial and non-spatial
data in the forms of statistic data information on the development of plantation,
agriculture and forestry production and fields are put into a database. The
database management uses a Postgresql software, a web-based visualization
application with a windows-based mapserver (MS4W) software and
PhpMapscripts for scripts writing. The process continues in an operational
database which has a component of an assessment index process analysis of
agriculture and plantation fields in the calculating process of the field resources.
This process will result map and balance indexes for each region’s natural
resources, where the Activa component shows the information on the region’s
natural resources that can be used for the region and society development
(housing, transmigration, industry and governance, plantation), agriculture and
plantation based on some chosen parameters.
These components interaction create an index of land utilization based on
its function to support each region’s food security and energy security.
Production data collection is put into an information system that represents area,
land, river, road and palm oil production volume in some areas.
As for the companies as developers of palm oil and biofuel plantation, the
system will also provide information on the company’s location, plantation area
and areas map. The scope of this geographic information system includes:
1. Types of plants used to process bioenergy materials are palm seeds which
are processed into CPO and grains.
2. Map of areas for food and bioenergy plantations in Indonesia, specifically
Riau Province.
3. Areas, forests, palm oil plantations, and agriculture areas in Riau
Province.
4. This study is focused on the geographic information system which will
show a map of Indonesia thematically and its administrative border areas
for food and bioenergy plantations information.
2.2. Areas Mapping
The first phase begins with an areas mapping process as a source of research trials.
Data on forestry shows the government’s moratorium mapping that is aimed to recalculate
a forest area, which in principle, the authorization for its management could be carried out
by other party. The authorization to use the forestry land is provided by the Ministry of
Forestry. The forest land will be released particularly for public interests.
Information on plantation areas is resulted from the proces of forestry utilization
authorization by the large companies, public society or government, in which the
implementation is limited to particular period and area of the used areas. The forest
utilization should be authorized by the Ministry of Agriculture and also the Ministry of
Forestry, in order to manage forestry and non-forestry and monitor land used by strangers.
Forest land utilization aims to give economic values to the local people both at the
regional and national levels. If the area will be fully managed by a company, the use of
forestry areas should obtain land release which is authorized by the government officials.
The objective of the forest land use is to give economic values for the local society
and increase national economy.
Table 1. Areas Mapping of Riau Province

186
District Forest Plantation Agriculture
Kuantan
Singingi
97.366,81 88.734,94 71.080,13
Indragiri Hulu 266.873,30 111.928,71 125.050,12
Indragiri Hilir 416.198,82 334.269,89 312.907,22
Pelalawan 334.696,71 256.133,85 95.007,31
Siak 167.645,15 191.592,86 75.288,57
Kampar 198.146,48 256.070,61 187.734,42
Rokan Hulu 90.938,89 186.127,14 226.708,40
Bengkalis 311.904,67 98.101,64 77.146,19
Rokan Hilir 207.682,41 133.997,16 190.481,80
Meranti 205.457,98 6.433,74 22.675,55
Pekanbaru 4.940,84 3.720,09 23.578,95
Dumai 66.327,66 7.747,78 39.078,08
2.3 Optimization of capacity of the land
The Calculation capacity of land in each region has different characteristics for
supporting and preventing variables. For areas with populations of economic resources
from the agricultural sector, agricultural carrying capacity land was calculated from food
production. For the physical of the individual needs 2600 calories per day, if converted into
foodstuffs amounted to 265 kg of rice (Vicky RB Moniaga, 2011). Calories became the
basis for the calculation is based on the needs of individuals living in the form of food
calories coming from carbohydrates to food sources such as rice, corn, root, soy and nuts.
Extensive cropland is a component in the calculation of the carrying capacity of agricultural
land, resulting from dividing the value of the minimum physical needs with food crop
production per year (tonnes) converted into calories and a kilogram of rice. Converted
value will be compared with the volume of food production per kilogram of rice area /
person / year. Land value will affect the condition of the area, if it is smaller then the
carrying capacity of the larger farms and vice versa. The area of harvested crops derived
from agricultural crop land per capita divided by the number of inhabitants per region, so
the value of harvested crop to be properly harvested area is larger and vice versa.
The capacity of the land would be balanced if the area of land and harvested
balanced in the region, this will be the best indicator of the development plan of sustainable
bioenergy. Food security, presence at the condition of the land area and the resulting
widespread crop yield condition of the region in the surroundings sufficient food. If the
condition of the value of the carrying capacity of the land then there is a food surplus
conditions in the region, and vice versa.
Table 2. Agricultural land carrying capacity and Riau Province
Region Area (Map)
Capacity Wide
Agriculture Plantation
Kuantan Singingi 531.960,86 0,6739 2,5705
Indragiri Hulu 805.837,08 1,3476 2,6424
Indragiri Hilir 1.352.547,33 2,5441 7,106

187
Pelalawan 1.315.542,49 1,1278 20,0623
Siak 787.477,79 0,4546 7,2053
Kampar 1.077.260,86 0,8469 3,8563
Rokan Hulu 732.547,40 2,5946 4,2804
Bengkalis 856.902,30 0,2728 1,0796
Rokan Hilir 915.059,67 1,3493 1,6342
Meranti 366.628,12 0,0097 0,0019
Pekanbaru 62.984,20 0,0082 0,0005
Dumai 228.660,20 0,2698 0,026
The Calculation capacity of the soil conditions will be applied in the calculation of
the capacity of land to produce oil palm plantations. Plantation area required to produce
palm fruits (tonnes) by dividing the consumption of vegetable oil needs per region. If the
value of the percentage requirement, the total demand will be used to calculate how much
carrying capacity per region for the production of palm oil to be produced. Extra oil will be
distributed in the form of CPO export demand and raw material combination of 5%
biodiesel, and if the analysis up to 7.5% per liter of diesel fuel consumption.
Conversion needs vegetable oils, biofuels and export interests affect the need and
use of palm oil consumption. If the carrying capacity of the land has been obtained from
each of the components of the calculation of the optimal population will be obtained which
suggested the number of people who be able to meet basic needs and quality of life in each
per region. While the balance of land resource function will calculate the activa component
which consists of area, forest area and forest produce total land area that will have the
ability as a backup resource environment, the land use is controlled directly by local
government stakeholders, while the value of liabilities is components that utilize the land
use derived from the release of a assumption from the value of the land so it will decrease
the land use capability. If the value is greater then the state activa per region conducive to
utilize the functionality safely land, but if the value is greater then liabilities, disparaging
conditions will inhibit the function of land use. Extensive capital value of land use to the
source data in developing land can be use for food, bioenergy and other usages such as
industrial society, government regional center, of transmigration.

188
Land mapping optimization results produce a new map: (i) forest area, (ii) land area,
(iii) Plantation area and (iv) Agricultural Zone. Map forest area in each district provide
information on the conditions of natural resources can be utilized as a particular forest area
of the economy, as well as land use for the source of the data analysis in determining the
development of the region per region which further grouped into ACTIVA. While maps
and plantation agriculture in the balance sheet liabilities classified into PASSIVA for
natural resource areas. Inter-layer technique of overlaying maps used to find the area of
intersection between the boundary line identification limit land use, agriculture and
plantation mapping results in the first phrase. Covering in region layer and moratorium
layer on forest produce forest maps layer, land use layer region and generate maps of land
use, layer farm and plantation areas produce agricultural map layer and layer maps
produced agricultural regions covering all provinces conducted digitization. For the forest
area per region Kuantan Singingi (4,1%), Indragiri Hulu (11,26%), Indragiri Hilir (17,58%),
Pelalawan (14,13 %), Siak (7,08%), Kampar (8,37%), Rokan Hulu (3,84%), Bengkalis
(13,17%), Rokan Hilir (8,77%), Meranti (8,68%), Pekanbaru (0,21%), Dumai (2,80%) from
all the length of Riau Province. While the area that can be identified is about 99,32%
(Source : department of Forestry, 2011). Plantation area posted in region Kuantan Singingi
(0,9823%), Indragiri Hulu (1,2391%), Indragiri Hilir (3,7004%), Pelalawan (2,8354%),
Siak (2,1209%), Kampar (2,8347%), Rokan Hulu (2,0604%), Bengkalis (1,0860%), Rokan
Hilir (1,4834%), Meranti (0,0712%), Pekanbaru (0,0412%), Dumai (0,0858%) from the
province area. While agriculture area per region Kuantan Singingi (0,7869%), Indragiri
Hulu (1,3843%), Indragiri Hilir (3,4639%), Pelalawan (1,0517%), Siak (0,8334%), Kampar
(2,0782%), Rokan Hulu (2,5097%), Bengkalis (0,8540%), Rokan Hilir (2,1086%), Meranti
(0,2510%), Pekanbaru (0,2610%), Dumai (0,4326%)
2.4 Balance Resource Land Result
Processing of spatial data which has become one combined database in the database
file can be classified according to the components of the balance of land and forest
resources. The process of overlaying spatial data of forest and forest produce administrative
area by area per district. Total forest area per district wide percentage of proceeds from the
total area of forest per region of the administrative area. If the total forest area per district
into a single function, so the resulting value of the forest area, could be the forest resource
(Hectare / ha). The balance of forest resources can be found by grouping the components of
the region in accordance with national standards of forest resources. Illustration of forest
maps for small levels of government assistances to be larger consequently that a more
accurate area boundary. This is a recapitulation of computation resource balance function
Kuantan Singingi land area (1401).
Table 3. Recapitulation of Balance Function of Land Resources 1401.Kuantan Singingi

189
Activa Asset Value
Land
Function
Passiva
Value
Wide area 531.960,86 Plantation 88.734,94
Wide area forest 97.366,81 Agriculture 71.080,13
Passiva
SDFL
159.815,07
Aktiva SDFL 434.594,05 Financial 274.778,97
Total NSDL 434.594,05 434.594,05
Capital is a function of the total land usage that can be used and cultivated by region
into plantation areas, agricultural areas and other use areas. By knowing the value of the
capital development of the area intended for land use such as farming, agriculture,
government, relocation area if there is a natural disaster, industrial area, terminal
distribution of food and bioenergy. Capital owned vast areas per region should not exceed
the value of the assets, if the condition of the capital over the state of the area is not
conducive to the development of the area there, but if capital is less than the value of assets
and liabilities in the stability sheet balanced and there is a backup in the form of the forest
area capacity of the land in the area illustrate a very good indicator for the development of
food and bioenergy.
Table 4. Agricultural Land Capability of Riau Province
Region Energy & Food Security Index
Kuantan Singingi Low food Sufficient Energy
Indragiri Hulu Sufficient food Sufficient Energy
Indragiri Hilir Surplus food Surplus Energy
Pelalawan Sufficient food Surplus Energy
Siak Low food Surplus Energy
Kampar Low food Surplus Energy
Rokan Hulu Surplus food Surplus Energy
Bengkalis Low food Sufficient Energy

190
Rokan Hilir Sufficient food Sufficient Energy
Meranti Low food Low Energy
Pekanbaru Low food Low Energy
Dumai Low food Low Energy
The index of food availability will be clustered in the category of surplus food,
sufficient food and low food. The categorization of food availability can be seen from
agricultural land in each region so that the adequacy of food production in the supply of
land can be taken in formulating the framework of food security per region. The capability
of agricultural use’s value compared to plantation use’s value, this assessment value will
show the condition of the food availability index categorization which determine from
these three grouping. Balance of forest resources and land composition showed extensive
land use for each component in both balance sheet assets and liabilities. Results of
calculation in each component of the balance sheet will explain the actions decided upon in
developing the potential of bioenergy and food. Extensive land into plantations is larger
than the vast agricultural land or intensification of agricultural diversification process
selected to maintain food security per region. If the area of agricultural function is more
than the broad functions of plantation, then the agriculture production levels will have a
surplus of food that food availability can be encountered independently by region.
3. RESULTS
Calculation of forest resources categorized with the national standard classification
which divides Indonesia into 2 major categories namely forested and non-forested areas.
Food security per region has surplus food categorization consists of Indragiri Hilir, Rokan
Hulu, sufficient food consists of Indragiri Hulu, Pelalawan, Rokan Hilir, low food consists
of Kuantan Singingi, Siak, Kampar, Bengkalis, Meranti, Pekanbaru, Dumai by calculation
of broad functions producing bioenergy plantations and agricultural land producing
specialized agricultural food production. The capacity of the soil conditions for bioenergy
development in energy surplus consists of Indragiri Hilir, Pelalawan, Siak, Kampar, Rokan
Hulu, sufficient energy condition consists of areas kuantan singingi, Indragiri hulu,
Bengkalis, Rokan hilir and low energy conditions comprising the region Meranti,
Pekanbaru and Dumai. The conditions that should be concern is the Siak and Kampar
region where the condition of land capacity more than the energy capacity of the soil for
agriculture. The stability of land resource resulted in a decision with hypothesis to broad
indicators of land use in order to increase the value of social welfare developed patterns
balanced development of bioenergy. Broad functions of large plantations specified lower
agricultural production due to utilization of oil palm plantation land use excessive.
Extensive agricultural land should be preserved for food production and is directed to
expand agricultural land therefore the function of food per region can be seen. A reference
index of food availability should regulate the development of bioenergy and food that land
use in accordance with the direction of food security per region.
4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This research is part of SMART TIN Project funded by DIKTI ( Director General of Higher
Education, Indonesia )
5. REFERENCES
[1] GBEP report,2011, “The Global Bioenergy Partnership Sustainability Indicators for
Bioenergy”, First edition, 17 November 2011
[2] D. Voivontas, 2001, “Assessment of biomass potential for power production: a GIS based
method”, PERGAMON
[3] Zuzana Boukalová, 2005, “Application of GIS Analysis and CRES DSS for Optimal Design of
Combustion Facility for Biomass”, Informatics for Environmental Protection - Networking
Environmental Information

191
[4] Nibbi,L.,2004,“GIS METHODOLOGY AND TOOL TO ANALYSE AND OPTIMISE
BIOMASS RESOURCES EXPLOITATION”, Rome
[5] Wulder, Michael A.,2008, “Spatially Explicit Large Area Biomass Estimation: Three
Approaches Using Forest inventory and Remotely Sensed Imagery in a GIS”, Sensors, 8,
529-560
[6] BEFS, FAO, 2010,”Bioenergy and Food Security, The BEFS Analytical Framework”, Rome,
The Bioenergy and Food Security Project, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations
[7] X . ZHANG, R. C . IZAURRALDE, D. MANOWITZ, T. O. WEST, W. M. POST ,A . M.
THOMSON, V. P. BANDARU, J. NICHOLS and J . R . WI L L I AMS,2010, “An
integrative modeling framework to evaluate the productivity and sustainability of biofuel crop
production systems”, GCB Bioenergy
[8] MICHAEL F. GOODCHILD, MAY YUAN and THOMAS J. COVA,2007,“Towards a
general theory of geographic representation in GIS”, International Journal of Geographical
Information Science
[9] TAMAS ABRAHAM AND JOHN F. RODDICK,1999, “Survey of Spatio-Temporal
Databases”, GeoInformatica, Australia
[10] Junun Sartohadi, Ratih Fitri Putri,”Evaluasi Potensi Degradasi Lahan dengan menggunakan
Analisa Kemampuan Lahan dan Tekanan Penduduk terhadap Lahan Pertanian di kecamatan
KOKAP Kabupaten Kulon Progo”,Geografi, UGM, Yogyakarta
[11] Vicky R.B Moniaga, 2011,“Analisis Daya Dukung Pertanian”,ASE – Volume 7 Nomor 2 ;
Mei – 2011, Hal : 68 – 68
[12] Ringgo Afrinando, 2012 ,”Perancangan Sistem Informasi Manajemen Rantai Pasok Minyak
Sawit Mentah berbasis GIS”, OPTIMASI SISTEM INDUSTRI ISSN 2088-4842, 23
September 2012
[13] Roni Yunis et all, 2010,”Arsitektur Bisnis : Pemodelan Proses Bisnis Dengan Object
Oriented”,Seminar nasional Informatika 2010,ISS : 1979 - 2328
[14] ____________,1960,” PERPU 56/1960, PENETAPAN LUAS TANAH PERTANIAN”, 29
DESEMBER 1960, Jakarta

the desigen and implementation of geographic information systems to support food and energy security

More Related Content

Similar to the desigen and implementation of geographic information systems to support food and energy security (19)

More from Repository Ipb (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

the desigen and implementation of geographic information systems to support food and energy security