The direct method
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The Direct Method was developed by Maximilian Berlitz as an alternative to the Grammar Translation Method. It argues that a foreign language can be taught without translation by using the target language exclusively in the classroom. Teachers demonstrate vocabulary and grammar rather than explaining or translating. Students learn inductively through examples, pictures, and activities like question-answering exercises. Correct pronunciation and communication skills are emphasized over formal language rules.
The direct method
- 3. The Direct Method was developed by Maximilian Berlitz towards the end of the 19th century as a reaction to the Grammar Translation Method.
- 6. This method argues that a foreign language can be taught without translation , unlike the argument of Grammar-Translation method. Rather than translating the teaching material, the teacher is expected to directly use the target language in class because a language can best be taught by using it actively in the classroom
- 7. The teacher should not explain but associate the meaning through action and demonstration. In this way, learners will be able to induce grammar rules through examples, illustrations, and demonstrations.
- 8. This method replaces the textbook with teacher-student/student-students activities such as reading aloud, question-answer exercises, fill-in-the-blank exercises, etc.
- 9. Correct pronunciation is given careful attention in this method. In addition, new vocabulary is taught by using known words.
- 10. 1. Classroom instruction is conducted exclusively in the target language. The teacher should demonstrate, not explain or translate. 2. Only everyday vocabulary and sentences are taught. 3. Grammar is taught inductively. There may never be an explicit grammar rule given.
- 11. 4. New teaching points are introduced orally 5. Correct pronunciation and grammar are emphasized. 6. Both speech and listening comprehension are taught. 7. Vocabulary is taught through known words, demonstration, authentic objects ( realia), pictures, and miming. 8. The teacher, by asking the students to make a choice, gets him to correct his own error.
- 12. 9. The syllabus is based on situations or topics, not usually on linguistic structures. 10. Learning is not merely restricted with formal language knowledge; it also involves speaker conventions and descriptive usage.
- 13. 11. Students should learn to think in the target language as soon as possible. Vocabulary is acquired more naturally if students use it in full sentences, rather than memorizing world lists. 12. The purpose of language learning is communication; therefore students need to learn how to ask questions as well as answer them.
- 14. Reading aloud Question-answer exercise Student self-correction Conversation practice Fill-in-the-blank exercise Dictation
- 15. in terms of GRAMMAR Direct Method Grammar translation method In the direct method, the teacher provides the knowledge in grammar inductively through speaking. The GTM focuses on grammar Rules and their application. Language is learned through rules.
- 16. in terms of VOCABULARY Direct method Grammar – translation method The vocabulary is learned through practice every day. The vocabulary is learned through direct translation of L1. Students learn vocabulary when they are translated.