Guidance and Counselling: Guidance Services
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The document discusses the importance and techniques of follow-up services for both in-school and out-of-school situations to support former students and analyze the effectiveness of school programs. It emphasizes the role of counseling in guiding individuals through personal and educational challenges, outlining various counseling methods, principles, and goals. Key counseling principles include acceptance, confidentiality, and the promotion of client self-determination, highlighting the counselor's role in facilitating positive behavior change.
Guidance and Counselling: Guidance Services
- 1. THE FOLLOW- UP SERVICE ©Jamaica Olazo
- 2. • Follow-up in guidance applies to in-school and out-of-school situations. • Intended to secure information about former students. • To provide continuing services for students after they leave school. • It applies to recheck on the effectiveness of in- school guidance services, as well as a recheck on the school’s instructional program after the students have terminated their school experience. THE FOLLOW-UP SERVICE ©Jamaica Olazo
- 3. Benefits In-school Follow-up • help students make good adjustments. • diminishes the number of drop-outs. Out-of-school Follow-up • help administrators and curriculum makers to better adjust instructional offerings to the needs of the students. • serve to encourage students by letting them know that their school is following their careers and is concerned with their success in their chosen life work. THE FOLLOW-UP SERVICE
- 4. Purposes of the out-of-school follow-up • To instil in the graduates a sense of belongingness and security which result when a school continues to seek the advancement and satisfaction of its alumni. • To analyse the effectiveness of the school curricula. • To secure occupational information. • To secure data for the curriculum revision. • To secure data for the prevention of school drop-outs. • To train the students in the needs of community enterprises. • To offer citizenship training that makes for satisfied and adjusted members of the community. • To offer proper graduate guidance education. ©Jamaica Olazo
- 5. TECHNIQUES FOR FOLLOW-UP STUDIES Among the techniques for follow- up studies which have been found to be successful are: Questionnaires for former students. Questionnaires for employers. Interviews with former students. Interviews with employers. A study of former students in directories and personnel records. Studies of former students at homecoming time. Reports form institutions of higher learning. ©Jamaica Olazo
- 7. COUNSELLING is the core of the guidance program. As the most vital aspect of guidance, counselling as used in the book, is a form of intervention that leads to a more effective behaviour. Is a type of talking therapy that allows a person to talk their problems and feelings in a confidential and dependable environment.
- 8. Dugald Arbuckle A process in which the counsellor assists the counselee to make interpretations of facts relating to a choice, plan or adjustment which he needs to make. Other Definitions of Counselling
- 9. Carl Rogers Definitely structured, permissive relationship which allows the client to gain an understanding of himself to a degree which enables him to take positive steps in the light of his new situation. Other Definitions of Counselling
- 10. Gilbert Wrenn Is concerned with decision – making skills and problem resolution where the counsellor aids in decision - making, in expanding his behaviour patterns in desired directions. Other Definitions of Counselling
- 11. Donald Stefflre Counselling is a learning – teaching process, for the client learns about his life space. Pietrofesa et al. Counselling is a professional service offered by a competent counsellor. Clarence Dunsmoor A face-to-face conversation between a pupil and a member of the school staff for the purpose of considering some of his problems and a desirable course of action. Other Definitions of Counselling
- 13. MERLE OHLSEN OFFERS THE SECONDARY PURPOSES OF COUNSELING: To provide information important to a person's growth and development. To get information from persons which will be of help to them in solving their problems. To establish a feeling of mutual understanding between pupils/students and teacher. To help the individuals work out a plan for solving their difficulties. To help the individuals know themselves better, their interests, abilities, aptitudes, and available opportunities. ©Jamaica Olazo
- 15. Facilitating behavior change Improving client's ability to cope Enhancing the client's ability to cope Promoting the decision- making process Facilitating client potential and development Five General Goals of Counselling
- 17. Directive Counseling Also termed as “CLINICAL COUNSELLING” associated with the clinical method by Williamson this type of counselling is mostly counsellor-centred because it allows the counsellor to give the counselee information about the latter, his/her opportunities , and his/her problems. TYPES OF COUNSELLING
- 18. Nondirective Counseling This type of counselling is an offshoot of the theories of Rogers and Strang. This type is regarded as client- centered because the responsibility is given to the clients for exploring their own problem. TYPES OF COUNSELLING
- 19. Eclectic Counselling A combination of the good features of the directive and non-directive counselling is eclectic counselling. TYPES OF COUNSELLING
- 21. 1.The Counsellor- the “helper” in the counselling process; a person who is professionally capable to extend help. ELEMENTS OF COUNSELLING 2. The Counselee the “helpee” in the counselling relationship; the person who seeks help and lets himself/herself be subject for counselling. 3. The counselling environment – a place to facilitate counselling. A clinic, office or a counselling cubicle but most of all a good counselling relationships that should prosper.
- 23. PRINCIPLES OF INDIVIDUALIZATION requires the counsellor to recognize and understand the clients unique characteristics. Recognition and understanding of their Unique characteristics give them the feeling that they are treated individuals. PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELLING Each clients is a unique individual. Each problem s/he present is a specific one. Each counselling relationship should be based on the client and the peculiar circumstances which brought about the problems.
- 24. PRINCIPLE OF PURPOSEFUL EXPRESSION OF FEELINGS The counselor must recognize the clients’ need to express their feelings freely. The feelings of clients, whether they are negative or positive should be expressed in the counseling process. PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELLING Observing the clients is as important as listening to what they say and what they do not say. client’ gesture clients’ manner of self- expression encourage the clients to express their feelings include trust and confidence of the client
- 25. PRINCIPLE OF CONTROLLED EMOTIONAL INVOLVEMENT This principle implies that the counselor avoid being overwhelmed by the counselee’s emotions during the counseling process. PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELLING He should be sensitive and responsive to the client’s feeling without being too emotionally involved. empathizing with them temper his/her emotional involvement with clients by keeping the right Perspective
- 26. PRINCIPLE OF ACCEPTANCE When the counsellor takes the clients as they really are: Persons with dignity, personal worth, and positive and negative Characteristics, he/she is actually putting into practice the principle of acceptance. PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELLING Acceptance forms • provides the clients security which may relieve their anxiety about their problem. • helps maintain the inner sense of dignity of the clients’ inner sense of dignity
- 27. PRINCIPLE OF NON-JUDGEMENTAL ATTITUDE Based on the need for the counsellor to be free of preconceived notions. Evaluate rather than judge his/her client’s attitudes and behaviour. PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELLING Careful appraisal and study of the counsellor should: evaluate his/her clients’ attitudes and behaviour objectively avoid comparing the client with another person who has a similar problem. not allow prejudices to affect the counselling process.
- 28. PRINCIPLE OF CLIENT SELF DETERMINATION Revolves around the right and the need of the clients to be free to make their own choices and decisions. The adolescents have both the right and the need to be free to make their own choices and decisions. PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELLING • It is the counsellor's ability to: • respect their right and stimulate their potential for self determination. • offer them options or alternatives upon which to base their decision • be able to present as many alternatives as possible • create an atmosphere conducive to problem-solving
- 29. PRINCIPLE OF CONFIDENTIALITY Confidentialityis the preservation of secret information disclosed by the client during the counselling process. This principle lays down the responsibility of counsellors to safeguards any confidential information shared during counselling. PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELLING • It is the counsellor's responsibility to: • to ensure privacy during the interview. • illustrate adherence to the importance of her confidentiality. • respect this right • developing trust between the counsellor and the client