The research of cognitive communication networks
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The document discusses research on cognitive communication networks. It defines cognitive communication networks as networks that can (1) sense changes in their internal and external environments, (2) analyze and learn from these changes, and (3) automatically adjust communication resources and capabilities according to user demands. The key aspects covered are: the environments cognitive networks can sense; the connotation of cognitive network technology; and the sensing, learning, decision-making, and action process of cognitive networks.
![technologies VI. CONCLUSION
V. THE IDEAS AND SUGGESTIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT For the application environment and user demands
dynamically changed multi-domain complex networks, it is
OF COGNITIVE COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
needed to multi-angle sensing the network environment, user
To propose a new communication network architecture demands, network resources usage, service supporting,
and build a cognitive communication network with the security level, etc. Implementing a communication network
ability of cognition and reconfiguration is no easy task, with cognitive ability can improve the learning and self-
requiring long-term researching and investigating. The organizing capacity of the communication network,
current implementations and relevant technology on dynamically configure and restructure the network, and
cognitive network is in its progress, and has not been a broad better adapt to the complex and diverse changes of
consensus. However, the direction and focus of the application environments and user demands.
researches are already clear, and the key technology
researches have begun. These technologies (such as REFERENCE
communication network environment rapid detection, policy- [1] Teamwork and Collaboration in Cognitive Wireless Networks.Nolan,
based communication network resource management and K.E.; Doyle, L.E.;Wireless Communications, IEEE Volume 14, Issue
control, the cognition-based and efficient link transmission, 4, August 2007 Page(s):22–27.
the cognition-based networking and information exchanging [2] Utilization of Location Information in Cognitive Wireless
technology) reflect the important characteristics of cognitive Networks.Celebi, H.; Arslan, H.;Wireless Communications, IEEE
Volume 14, Issue 4, August 2007 Page(s):6–13.
communication networks, and are the important ideas for
[3] Cognitive Wireless Networks.Mahonen, P.; Zorzi, M.;Wireless
improvement and technological changes on the existing Communications, IEEE Volume 14, Issue 4, August 2007 Page(s):4-
communication network architecture. First, break through the 5.
key technologies in cognitive communication networks is [4] Guest Editorial -Adaptive, spectrum agile and cognitive wireless
needed. Second, realize the heterogeneous converged networks.Cordeiro, C.; Daneshrad, B; Evans, J; Mandayam,
networks with the local cognitive capability based on the N.;Marshall, P.;N, S.S.; Cimini, L.;Selected Areas in
existing network conditions. Finally, implement the wide- Communications, IEEE Journal on Volume 25, Issue 3, April 2007
Page(s):513–516.
area cognitive communications network.
[5] Towards Cognitive Telecommunication Networks. Safak, Mehmet;
Signal Processing and Communications Applications, 2007. SIU 2007.
IEEE 15th 11-13 June 2007 Page(s):1-4.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/theresearchofcognitivecommunicationnetworks-120630001744-phpapp01/85/The-research-of-cognitive-communication-networks-5-320.jpg)
The research of cognitive communication networks
- 1. The Research of Cognitive Communication Networks Wu Wei Science and Technology on Information Transmission and Dissemination in Communication Networks Laboratory Shijiazhuang, China e-mail:wuw@mail.cti.ac.cn Abstract: The networks with the cognitive and reconfigure network ability are referred to as cognitive communication networks. (1) The external environment of communication network The cognitive communication network can sense the changes The external environment that the communication about its internal and external environment through the network can sense include: electromagnetic environment analysis and learning process, and automatically adjust the (spectrum and interference), geographical (topography, communication resources and capabilities distributed in every geomorphology, etc.), and application environment. The layer according to the user demands, intelligently adapt to the application environment future include: the number of users changes of the environment and the user demands. accessed to the network, the traffic volume (stable situation Keywords: cognitive, network reconfigure, cognitive and emergency situations), and other external environment communication network (floods, earthquakes and other natural disasters, etc.). (2) The internal environment of communication network The internal environment that the communication I. INTRODUCTION network can sense include: the network topology, the The cognitive communication network is a new dynamic route planning, the available resources (link kind of networks developed on the idea of the cognitive radio bandwidth, frequency, node capacity, etc.), the network technology and ad-hoc networks. The so-called "cognitive traffic and its distribution, the network security state, the ability of the communication network" is referred to as the failure conditions of network equipment, and the working capabilities of sensing the changes of its external and internal conditions of network that affected the performance of end- environments, analyzing and learning based on the sensed to-end information transferring of the communication external and internal environment changes, automatically network. adjusting the communication resources and capabilities distributed in every layer according to the user demands, 2.2 The connotation of communication network cognitive intelligently adapting to the changes of the environment and technology the user demands, and making the communication network The communication network cognitive technology with the "sensing - learning - decision - action" cognitive referred to the related technologies that monitored and abilities similar to human beings. In other words, the learned the network environment, made “decision and communication networks with the cognitive and action” operation according to the variable user demands and reconfiguration abilities are also referred to as cognitive the relevant knowledge (monitored in the past and learned communication networks. In a sense, the cognitive lately), and auto-adaptivly regulated and optimized the communication network is a kind of "intelligent" or "smart" communication network employing the adjustable communication networks. parameters or software programmable network platform, This paper researched the connotation of the cognitive improving the capabilities adapted to complex environments communication network, surveyed the research states about and diverse user demands (see Figure 2). the cognitive communication network, gave the architecture and main technologies of cognitive communication networks, 2.3 The work process of cognitive communication and put forward the ideas and recommendations on the development of the cognitive communication networks. network For the cognitive characteristics of cognitive II. THE CONNOTATION OF COGNITIVE COMMUNICATION communication network, its work process can be divided NETWORK into the following three stages: 2.1 The sensing environment range of communication ___________________________________ 978-1-61284-486-2/11/$26.00 ©2011 IEEE
- 2. The external environment The user demands The user demands The internal environment Figure 1. The environment range that communication network sensed Stage one: the network senses current network (SLA), making the reasonable and correct response to the environments, including external and internal environments. new user demands. Each node in the communication network can only monitor the local network state information, how to make III. THE RESEARCH STATES OF COGNITIVE each node know the whole network state information is a COMMUNICATION NETWORK problem to be solved firstly. Driven by the process of information globalization, a Stage two: the communication network is clearly aware large lots of research works on the communication network of the current demands and the occupied network technology were carried out. The U.S. National Science resources of various users. Foundation provided 3 billion for the supporting of 100 × How to dynamically obtain the global information of the 100, FIND and GENI projects. In Europe, the financial occupied network resources, and make the communication supports more than 9.1 billion Euro was afforded to the network rapidly estimating the usages of network resources, researches of ICT (information and communication is another great challenge. technology). In China, the National High-Tech. R&D Stage three: dynamically allocates the resources and Program and 973 Program afforded to the researches on this reconfigures the network adapting to the demands of new kind of communication network technology, and takes it users with the correct and reasonable response.. as an important direction in information areas, considering the technologies of cognitive communication network and reconfiguration as the hot spots problems. Overall, the U ser dem ands present researches on the cognitive communication network are mostly about the exploratory on cognitive capabilities, and are still in its infancy. The cognitive communication environments environments network technology is still an open issue, and the main External Internal Learning and intelligent decision research projects are as follows: (1) The Cognitive Networking (CogNet) Project funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) The Future Internet Design (FIND) is a long-term M anagem ent and control of research project afforded by U.S. NSF in 2004. The goal of netw ork resources FIND is to achieve the next generation Internet, and its core features include: security, robustness, manageability, the new Reconfigurable computing model, integration of new network technology, netw ork elem ents high standards of service architecture and the new network architecture theories. The Global Environment for Network Figure 2 the cognitive technology of communication Innovation (GENI) is officially announced in August 2005 network by U.S. NSF as an action plan. The goal of GENI is to build a test bed to accommodate a variety of new architecture, and Communication network will be based on the sensed explore the framework more suitable for the future network environments, user demands, and the occupied computing environment. The researches of GENI include: network resources, the communication network does some rethinking the functions of network; designing new network necessary reconfiguration based on the Services Agreement architecture and services; designing the key capacity of
- 3. network security and new supporting technologies. As part IV. THE ARCHITECTURE AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR of the FIND and GENI plan, the main goal of cognitive COGNITIVE COMMUNICATION NETWORKS Networks technology is to design and achieve the cognitive network architecture and protocols, develop the prototype 4.1 The architecture of cognitive communication system of cognitive network protocol stack, and its main networks work include: As shown in Figure-3, the cognitive communication networks is composed three parts, including the demands Adaptive physical layer and programmable media mapping and policies generating unit, the network cognitive access control (MAC) layer; and reconstruction unit and the programmable Adaptive frequency readjusting protocol for communication network. transmission link; The demands mapping and policies generating unit: On Unified control layer for monitoring, configuring, and the one hand mapping the demands from different users into adjusting the data layer module; different end-to-end network goals (specific network behavior), on the other hand merging the local network Intelligent network layer protocol for the functions of environmental information sensed from the underlying topology discovery, service discovery, addressing, communication network to form the global network resource naming and dynamic routing. information, and then generating the necessary network (2) The software programmable intelligent network reconfiguration policies based on the relevant service level (SPIN) project in Stanford University agreements (SLA). The number of the policies generating Stanford University proposed the software programmable unit in the network is in small quantities, and can be intelligent network (SPIN) concept, based on the 9 kinds of deployed in central or distributed pattern. basic problems existing in the current IP networks, and The network cognitive and reconstruction unit: On the extracted the advantages in the architecture of IP networks, one hand completing the sensing of network environment, PSTN, cellular networks and ad hoc networks to form a including network topology, the transmission link status, novel network architecture. The SPIN is essentially a network node state information, network security status, and network operating system, with the similar status as the geographical and meteorological information, which are operating systems in computer, and possesses a 3-layer translated into the local sensing information by the cognitive structure including the transport layer, the control and specification language as the input of the demands mapping management layer and the cognitive layer. and policies generating unit; on the other hand, translating (3) The MotoMeshTm test-bed network by Motorola the network reconfiguring policies from the demands Corporation mapping and policies generating unit into the network The main research area for Motorola Corporation in configuration parameters through the cognitive specification cognitive networks is the MotoMeshTM test-bed network language, completing the work of network resource with the ability of end-to-end reconfiguration. The project allocating and connection managing. The number of the includes 27 top U.S. universities, equipment providers, network cognitive and reconstruction unit in network is large, network operators, and standards and policy makers. Its goal corresponding to the cognitive and reconfiguring node. is to design, develop and test a new network architecture, to The programmable communication network is consists of guide the design of reconfigurable transmission equipment, the programmable configuration elements (links, nodes, etc.) network equipment and supporting systems. and the network status sensors, and the programmable (4) The Wireless Network After Next (WNaN) project by configuration elements are the control points of cognitive DARPA network, as well the network status sensors completing the 2009, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency sensing work of the network status. (DARPA) started the Wireless Network After Next (WNaN) 4.2 The Technologies of cognitive communication project, based on the XG project and adaptive network networks technology, aiming to develop the quickly cognitive-based Part of the network nodes and links in cognitive network construction technology for the battlefield communication network possess the learning and reasoning environment, lower cost of network equipment and handheld ability, and can dynamically make decision and reconfigure wireless terminals, covering a wide range of connections for the network elements, by measuring or predicting the each soldier. June 2009, the BBN Corporation in United network environmental parameters, to meet the targets of States won the finance of 1100 million for the development self-adapting network environment, optimal use of network of this network project. resources (Frequency, the link bandwidth, node processing power, etc.) and optimizing the performance of end-to-end information transferring. Its technologies include:
- 4. User demands End-to end goals Demands mapping Service priority policy Delay-control policy Transmission Bandwidth-control demands mapping and Global network protecting policy policy policies generating information Network environment Policies Other policies generating Cognitive Specification Language-CPL Topology info Network resources configuration and management Network Link states info sensing control network cognitive and reconstruction Node configuring Dynamic resource Security Connection and states info allocation management management Security states Geographical and meteorological info programmable communication network Figure-3 the architecture of cognitive network (1) The rapid sensing technologies of communication mapping technologies network environment The network resources dynamically allocating The rapid measuring technologies of network technologies environment parameters The cognition-based network security technologies The rapid merging and processing technologies of the (4) The cognition-based link efficiently transferring global environmental information technologies The global network environment situation The link transferring technologies with the learning (including network security situation) generating and reasoning capabilities technologies The link reconfiguring technologies (2) The User demands mapping and access control The cognitive radio based cross-layer routing technologies optimizing technologies The user demands mapping and forecast analyzing (5) The cognition-based network organizing and technologies information exchanging technologies The cognition-based user access controlling The network topology on-demand configuring technologies technologies (3) The policy-based network resource managing and The end-to-end connecting and QoS providing controlling technologies technologies The service level agreement (SLA) and network policy The network nodes and switching mode reconfiguring
- 5. technologies VI. CONCLUSION V. THE IDEAS AND SUGGESTIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT For the application environment and user demands dynamically changed multi-domain complex networks, it is OF COGNITIVE COMMUNICATION NETWORKS needed to multi-angle sensing the network environment, user To propose a new communication network architecture demands, network resources usage, service supporting, and build a cognitive communication network with the security level, etc. Implementing a communication network ability of cognition and reconfiguration is no easy task, with cognitive ability can improve the learning and self- requiring long-term researching and investigating. The organizing capacity of the communication network, current implementations and relevant technology on dynamically configure and restructure the network, and cognitive network is in its progress, and has not been a broad better adapt to the complex and diverse changes of consensus. However, the direction and focus of the application environments and user demands. researches are already clear, and the key technology researches have begun. These technologies (such as REFERENCE communication network environment rapid detection, policy- [1] Teamwork and Collaboration in Cognitive Wireless Networks.Nolan, based communication network resource management and K.E.; Doyle, L.E.;Wireless Communications, IEEE Volume 14, Issue control, the cognition-based and efficient link transmission, 4, August 2007 Page(s):22–27. the cognition-based networking and information exchanging [2] Utilization of Location Information in Cognitive Wireless technology) reflect the important characteristics of cognitive Networks.Celebi, H.; Arslan, H.;Wireless Communications, IEEE Volume 14, Issue 4, August 2007 Page(s):6–13. communication networks, and are the important ideas for [3] Cognitive Wireless Networks.Mahonen, P.; Zorzi, M.;Wireless improvement and technological changes on the existing Communications, IEEE Volume 14, Issue 4, August 2007 Page(s):4- communication network architecture. First, break through the 5. key technologies in cognitive communication networks is [4] Guest Editorial -Adaptive, spectrum agile and cognitive wireless needed. Second, realize the heterogeneous converged networks.Cordeiro, C.; Daneshrad, B; Evans, J; Mandayam, networks with the local cognitive capability based on the N.;Marshall, P.;N, S.S.; Cimini, L.;Selected Areas in existing network conditions. Finally, implement the wide- Communications, IEEE Journal on Volume 25, Issue 3, April 2007 Page(s):513–516. area cognitive communications network. [5] Towards Cognitive Telecommunication Networks. Safak, Mehmet; Signal Processing and Communications Applications, 2007. SIU 2007. IEEE 15th 11-13 June 2007 Page(s):1-4.