The Revolution Of Cloud Computing

The Revolution Of Cloud Computing
Abstract–The revolution of cloud computing in IT industries enable the access of their infrastructure
and application services on a subscription basis. As a result, several enterprises like IBM, Microsoft,
Google, and Amazon have started to offer different cloud services to their customers. Due to the vast
diversity in the available cloud services, from the customer's point of view, it is difficult for them to
decide whose services they should use and what is the basis for their selection. Currently, there is no
ontology based system that can allow customers to evaluate cloud offerings and rank them based on
their ability to meet the user's Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. For that our ontology based
cloud service providers ranking system is used. We designed this system as three modules, they are
(i) processing of functional requirements (ii) processing of non–functional requirements and (iii)
ranking of service providers which make the work simple. The ontology based system have
information with explicit meaning, making it easier to automatically process and integrate
information available for comparison, selection and ranking of cloud service providers using
Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to prioritizes the cloud services which make a significant impact
and will create healthy competition among cloud providers to satisfy their Service Level Agreement
(SLA) and improve their Quality of Services (QoS). Keywords–web extraction; pattern matching;
ranking; ontology;
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Semantic Web : How The Machine Can Be More Intelligent...
Summary:
The paper Semantic Web talks about how the machine can be more intelligent when accessing web
data. It involves making a machine understand the semantics of the data present on the web and also
making them understand the human perspective. The research first tries the basic requirement
outlines for the semantic web. Like the creation of ontologies and different relationship using which
a machine can learn the context. The paper then discusses the creation of agents which takes
advantage of the semantic web technology and gives a more personalized output to the user. In the
paper the author has taken few real life examples is setting the benchmark requirements of the
semantic web.
The paper Semantic Web Revisited elaborates on the topic mentioned by the paper Semantic Web.
The paper starts off with current research development in semantic web field and the challenges
being faced. The paper describes the creation of basic language, framework, and protocols for the
development of ontologies and logical connections. It elaborates on how other research fields like
biology, medicine, environmental science etc. are helping in creating standardize ontologies. The
paper also describes working and limitations of various technologies that are being used in the field
of the semantic webs like XML, RDF, OWL, and Rules. The paper then focuses on the development
aspect of ontologies and various challenges faced while creating a large community.
The Semantic Web Paper has not

Annotated Bibliography On The World Wide Web
The World Wide Web (WWW or W3) is an interlinked system of information documents that is
accessed via internet. The Web is maintained by World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), an
international community that along with its affiliated organizations and other members work
together to develop the standards of the Web. These W3C standards define an Open Web Platform to
enable developers build interactive experiences, powered by vast data stores. In addition to the
classic "Web of documents" W3C is helping to develop a technology to support a "Web of data" and
that is Semantic Web.
The term "Semantic Web" was coined by Tim Berners–Lee, it refers to W3C's vision of the web of
linked data. It is an add–on of World Wide Web through standards by W3C that ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is also known as read–write web. The technologies of Web 2.0 allow assembling and managing
large global crowds with common interests in social interactions. The added advantage of Web 2.0
over its previous generation is to support collaborations and to help gather collective intelligence.
The main technologies and services of Web 2.0 includes Really Simple Syndication (RSS), blogs,
Wikis, mashups, web services, tags, and etc. In this era of Web, several technologies like JavaScript,
AJAX, XML and JSON were emerged. Though there are significant advantages, Web 2.0 has its
own limitations. Some of the notable issues are:–
1) Lack of quality control – Web 2.0 promotes sloppy and invaluable content generated by several
anonymous users. The results that do not always adhere to what is asked, thus leads to a low quality
of actual content.
2) Lack of privacy – User profiles and personal information accessible to people that shouldn't be
able to public.
3) Lack of security – The ease of personal data such as e–mail address to transpire and become
known to spams and other virus threats.
4) Breach of copyright – A way of helping music or movie piracy, in conjunction with free data
sharing that can be easily found on the internet.
Web 3.0 (2010 – onward), the third generation of the web and what we know as The Semantic Web
has emerged to define structure data and link them in order to more effective, automate,

Ontology contains a set of concepts and relationship...
Ontology contains a set of concepts and relationship between concepts, and can be applied into
information retrieval to deal with user queries.
Challenges in interpreting a query from different ontologies:
It is not possible to determine in advance which ontologies will be relevant to a particular query.
User queried keyword has to be translated into ontology–centric terminologies.
Answer to a query may require the integration of information from multiple ontologies.
Our approach is to keep the ontologies separate. We assume they use the same description logic,
even though not essentially the same vocabulary (i.e. they can use different names for the same
concept and/or the same names for different concepts). The aim is to ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The natural language query is sent to NL Processing engine where it is processed and is converted to
DL query. Stop words are stripped off the queries. NL–DL query convertor comprise of several
natural language processing tools such as the Stanford Parser for creating the parse tree while
WordNet can be utilized to account for syntactic variability by finding synonymous words. The
query processor's task is providing the user with the best answer to the question from the ontology.
High level architecture of the model is shown in figure 1.
Figure 1: High level architecture of MOSS–IR
Query processor system parses the query and interprets the meaning of the end–user's query terms.
This enables the construction of a meaningful query. Before any actual query re–formulation, the
mapping between the vocabulary of the ontologies and the query is required. The mapping is
indispensable for retrieval improvement using ontology based query approaches. The first step of
the processor is to identify the set of ontologies likely to provide the information requested by the
user. Hence it searches for near syntactic matches within the ontology indexes, using lexically
related words obtained from WordNet [27] and from the ontologies, used as background knowledge
sources. It identifies the subject, predicate and object, which is used to generate the DL query and
runs it against the ontology to attempt to

Autism Model Design
design. The design offers the flexibility to relate an ontology to changing user perspectives when
assessing and selecting an ontology. It also provides for feedback to enable users determine
requirements for improving on existing models. The framework shall help to elicit new requirements
for iteratively and incrementally extending and modifying existing biomedical ontologies to suit
changing user needs and accommodate new types of data. This shall facilitate extending and
modifying existing ontology for reuse and avoid the huge effort of starting or building entirely new
ontologies in terms of time, effort and domain specific knowledge. The model design is flexible,
generic and can be applied to evaluations in other domains with dynamic environments. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
andNoy NF. Biomedical ontologies: a functional perspective. Brief Bioinform 2007. [3] NCBO
BioPortal. bioportal.bioontology.org/. (accessedJul 2013). [4] A. Budanitsky and G. Hirst,
"Evaluating WordNet–based measures of semantic distance," Comput. Linguistics, vol. 32, no. 1,
pp. 13–47, 2006. [5] J. E. Caviedes and J. J. Cimino, "Towards the development of a conceptual
distance metric for the UMLS," J. Biomed. Inf., vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 77–85,2004. [6] A. Hliaoutakis,
"Semantic similarity measures in MeSH ontology and their application to information retrieval on
Medline," Master's thesis, Tech. Univ. Crete, Chaniá, Crete, 2005. [7] Caviedesa, J.E., Cimino, J.J.:
Towards the development of a conceptual distance metric for the UMLS. Biomedical Informatics
37(2), 77–85 (2004). [8] Ashburner, M., Sim, I., Hute, C.G., Solbrig, H., Storey, M.A., Smith, B.,
Day–Richter, J., Noy, N.F., Musen, M.A.: National Center for Biomedical Ontology: Advancing
Biomedicine through Structured Organization of Scientific Knowledge. OMICS A Journal of
Integrative Biology 10(2), 185–198 (2006) Ontology–based Queries over Cancer Data Alejandra
González–Beltrán1,2, Ben Tagger1, and Anthony

Data As A Service Composition Of Daas And Negotiation...
Because of static query optimization the program gets more time to evaluate a larger number of
execution strategies. These sub queries are further send towards the mediator part. Mediator: The
mediator exploits the defined RDF views within WSDL files to select the services that can be
combined to answer the local query using an RDF a query rewriting algorithm. Then, it carries out
all the interactions between the composed services and generates a set of composition plans to
provide the requested data. Implementation Method For implementing this project we are making
use of service composition of DaaS and negotiation Mechanism: Data as a service composition
mechanism (DaaS): Data as a Service (DaaS) builds on service–oriented technologies to enable fast
access to data resources on the Web. DaaS services collect and store a large amount of information
and it is able to share this information with other entities. Client 1 Admin Web Database Client 2
Server Client 3 Fig DaaS WORKING STRUCTURE Data as a Service is basically used for storing a
large amount of information into the database for that purpose ADO.NET technique is used.
ADO.NET provides a bridge between the front end controls and the back end database. The
ADO.NET objects encapsulate all the data access operations and the controls interact with these
objects to display data. ADO stands for ActiveX Data Objects. ADO is a Microsoft technology.
ADO is a Microsoft

Semantic Search And Applications For The Online Vehicle...
Kevin Heberle Semantic search and applications for the online vehicle marketplace. ABSTRACT:
Recent developments in semantic ontologies are fueling a potential early trigger to the second wave
of semantic search technology. With specific applications in e–commerce and internet marketing,
high search engine rankings and accurate query results enabled by RDFa metadata may prompt a
new revolution starting in online auto marketplaces. The enabling technology of semantic search has
the opportunity to level the playing field for smaller online merchants as well as shift buying power
directly to consumers. TABLE OF CONTENTS: I. Introduction II. The Current State of Search III.
Issues with Conventional Search Engines IV. Linked Data: The Next ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Information now populates the web on a global scale but remains trapped in myriad silos of varying
metadata and tags. The search engine marketing and optimization industry continuosly struggles to
unlock the formula to being found first online through a system of ever evolving strategies,
standards and tactics. Search has become integrated into the fabric of our society. On average more
than 4,500 searches are performed every single second of every day. (Eric Enge, 2008) Information
which may have previously required hours to acquire is now at the fingertips of people in a matter of
seconds. Search engines are at the center of this disruptive event, and Kevin Heberle Semantic
search and applications for the online vehicle marketplace. 3 having a business rank well in the
search engines when people are looking for the service, product, or resource it provides is critical to
the survival of that business. (Eric Enge, 2008) pg.1 Issues with conventional search engines The
current search environment is equivalent to customers finding your business based on a system of
highway billboards and jumbled street signs (banner and text ads), position in the phonebook (page
rank), while driving on a road filled with 6 billion stores and a guide who barely understands

Questions On The And Football
E.g.:– Gagan plays football. In this sentence, Gagan is object, plays is his property and football is
resource.
Football plays Gagan
Ontology: – Ontology is abbreviated as FESC which means Formal, Explicit, specification of shared
conceptualization. [11].
Formal specifies that it should be machine understandable. Explicit defines the type of constraints
used in model. Shared defines that ontology is not for individual, it is for group. Conceptualization
means model of some phenomenon that identifies relevant concept of that phenomenon.
Inference: – It is defined as producing new data from existing one or to reach some conclusion. E.g.:
Adios is a French word which is replaced by Good bye that is understandable by user.
Figure3:"SW Architecture"
3.3 Semantic Web Technologies
SW technologies are listed below:–
 XML: – XML is extensible language that allows users to create their own tags to documents. It
provides syntax for content structure within documents. XML Schema: – It is language for defining
XML documents. XML document is a tree.
 RDF: – It stands for Resource Description Framework. It is simple language to express data
models which refers to objects and their relationships. These models are called RDF Models.
Both XML and RDF deal with Metadata which is data about other data. Raw data is stored in some
repository called as Database Storage. Then Information Extraction techniques like KM solutions
generate metadata. But in

Semantic Web And The Web
another day, right now we are sticking to the Semantic Web. We should first wait until the Semantic
Web is completed before we jump to the next thing on the list. (Aghaei, Nematbakhsh and Farsani)
(Frauenfelder)
The million dollar question is: what is the Semantic Web? The Semantic Web is not a completely
new web that is going to replace the current web, it is simply and extension from the present web.
The idea of Web 3.0 is for the information in the web to be understood and recognized by the
computer. Today the web is a big global storage that stores files for humans to read, not computers,
humans. This in what the Semantic Web is going to change by allowing computers to read and
understand the information and data stored in the web. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A better way to help understand the Semantic Web would be a scenario placed by the Tim Berners–
Lee. First, imagine that you are registering for an online conference. The website of the conference
contains not only the event date, time and location, but also information from the closest hotel and
airport. In real and regular life a you would have to make sure you have a time in your schedule that
is compatible with the online conference for you to be able to attend. Next you would have to make
arrangements for the flight by buying a ticket and for the hotel by reserving a room that meets your
needs. According to Berners–Lee right now there is no way you can simply say "I want to go to the
event" because you have to make plans by making arrangements. However, with the semantic web
this scenario of simply wanting to go without making previous arrangements is possible because
with the Semantic Web the airport and hotel arrangements can be done by simply pressing a button.
The SM would book your flight and it will reserve your room as well, without you having the need
to pick up the phone to call a reservation desk, or you having to visit the hotel's or airport's website.
As you can see Web 3.0 can facilitate our tasks tremendously.(Frauenfelder) (Dumbill) (Hendler,
Berners–Lee and Miller)
After reading about what the Semantic Web is it might seem like there is

Using Content Based Filtering Technique
Various techniques have been used in content–based models. Such systems try to find regularities in
the descriptions that can be used to distinguish highly rated items from others [97]. Content–based
approaches are based on objective information about the items. This information is automatically
extracted from various sources (e.g., Web pages) or manually introduced (e.g., product database).
However, selecting one item or another is based mostly on subjective attributes of the item (e.g., a
well–written document or a product with a spicy taste). Therefore, these attributes, which better
influence the user's choice, are not taken into account. In the rest of this section, we discuss three
technique of content–based filtering technique including keyword–based models, semantic
techniques, and probabilistic models. The first systematic evaluation of the impact of applying
perturbation–based privacy technologies on the usability of content–based recommendation systems
proposed by Puglisi, S., et al. (2015) [98]. The primary goal of their work is to investigate the effects
of tag forgery to the content–based recommendation in a real–world application scenario, studying
the interplay between the degree of privacy and the potential degradation of the quality of the
recommendation. In other paper, Rana, C. and S.K. Jain [23] have developed a book
recommendation system that is based on content–based recommendation technique and takes into
account the choices of not an

Essay on Personal Statement
My decision to pursue a PhD is derived from my passion for science and engineering paired with
my abilities in the field of machine learning and applied statistics. I consider myself fortunate to be
part of the Department of Computer Science, University of Florida for my master studies. More
importantly, I am glad to have two excellent professors in this field as advisors, Dr. Pader and Dr.
Jilson, who are guiding me throughout my graduate studies. They assisted me to decide and pursue
the courses and topics that interested me. During my first semester, I took the course Mathematical
methods for Intelligent Systems that gave me a strong base for applied mathematics in the field of
intelligent systems. Similarly, the research course ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Wilson in which I analyzed machine–learning techniques that could be used in a realm–based
Question Answering system. My master's thesis is an extension to this study, for which, I am
working with "Morpheus" team at Database Research Center in our department. Our team is
building a question answering system that uses deep web sources by exploiting information from
Wikipedia and WordNet along with sample query answering strategies provided by users. The
motivation behind this research work is as follows. If we search for an answer to a question in a
typical search engines such as Google, Bing, or Yahoo, it usually gives us relevant pages based on
the key words in the query. We may need to follow several links or pages to reach a document
providing a relevant answer. If we can store such search pathways to an answer for a given user
query and reuse it for future searches it may speed up this process. Our question answering system
motivated by reuse of prior web search pathways to yield an answer a user query. We represent
queries and search pathways in a semi–structured format that contains query terms and referenced
classes within a realm based ontology. First part of my research is to build a system that can
automatically tag the terms in a user query to relevant classes from a domain–based ontology. The
other part is to rank the prior searches (contains user queries, assigned classes, and search pathways)
stored in the database based on the

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Web Services
QOS AWARE WEB SERVICE SELECTION AND COMPOSITION FOR TRAVELS
APPLICATION
V.Bharath Kumar., (M.E).,
Department of Information Technology
Sri Sairam Engineering College
Chennai, Tamilnadu. bharathkncet@gmail.com M. Suresh Kumar., M.E., (P.HD).,
Department of Information Technology
Sri Sairam Engineering College
Chennai, Tamilnadu. sureshkumar.it@sairam.edu.in In UDDI registry there are innumerous numbers
of functionally same Web Services (WS), to select the most qualified and relevant Web Service
according to a client requirement is an arduous task. Web Services are normally same in function but
their Quality and performance vary as per service provider. Key word search doesn't provide the best
result for the customer. The quality can be analyzed by 10 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Web service
WEB SERVICES AND SEMANTIC WEB
The question of the relationship between these two activities is constantly in the air.
The whole description side is a clear semantic web application, and so long as XML languages are
defined which introduced with English language specs but no RDF mapping, there is a potential
ambiguity which will have to be resolved later in making that mapping, there is an inability to use
common semantic web tools, and there is cost down the road assuming semantic web tools will
eventually be used. Essentially, web serve ices become instant legacy technology for the semantic
web.
The DAML–services collation of researchers is tackling the job of service description at a higher
level.
Many things which are described as web services can in fact be described as the publication of a
series of semantic web documents, just as the billing of a peer company is in reality effected by the
issuance of an invoice.
When Semantic Web agents query each other, they could use SOAP (though a direct encoding into
an HTTP URI may also be effective).
When Semantic Web agents update each other, they should use SOAP, running typically over HTTP
POST.

SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

AAnalysis On Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is the use of services over the internet. The services may include software
development platform, servers, storage, software etc. Cloud broker using the property known as
cloud brokerage, which will help the consumers to find out better solutions. Now most of the
companies selecting cloud based on the fact that it provide more security and privacy assurance to
the services. IFC model helps to identify if any policy error has occurred, data management
obligations. Speech recognition is one of the main technologies available in every modern smart
phone. Even though they are commonly available quality of speech recognition is still not sufficient
to replace the common hand written text. Keywords –– Cloud broker, Service Brokerage, cloud
service provider, security, Speech recognition, ontology, annotations. 1. Introduction Cloud service
brokerage is an important business model, but also as an architectural challenge that needs to find
how to construct best broker applications on top of suitable platforms. Architecture development and
quality concerns are key things of any service brokerage solution that intermediates between
different providers by integrating, aggregating and customizing the individual services. Nowadays
companies give more priority for the security of information stored in cloud. So when migrating to a
cloud they select cloud that provide best security and privacy assurance to the information. But
increasingly, they also need to be able to

Web Based Systems
CHAPTER 3
EXISTING SYSTEM
The exist of web based system is one of the recent trends in industrial automation system. In
particular, service–oriented architectures (SOA) lowenable the development of flexible
manufacturing systems that avoid the traditional problem of centralized control. One of the main
advantages of SOA is it is based on open web services standards which allow individual web
services to communicate completely platform–independent. Its more than accures then one process
to another process linked.way of relation several system automatically problemed then main capture
the exist services.
3.1 ADVANTAGES
Can automatically label more unlabelled flows to enhance the capability of nearest cluster based
classifiers.
Compound classification which can combine a number of flow predictions to make more accurate
classification.
It is fails to exploit the full potential of semantic web service descriptions.
To changes the set of web services available tend to invalidate the BPEL processes.
To determining the semantic resemblance of different condition and effect expressions is
challenging.
DISADVANTAGE
To avoid this problem the proposed system uses WEB ONTOLOGY.
This system ignores the failure process and takes successful process to the higher level within the
fixed time period.
CHAPTER 4
PROPOSED SYSTEM
4.1 PROPOSED SYSTEM OVERVIEW
The proposed system of service descriptions allow the automatic composition of web services to
achieve main goals. Automatic

Robust Module Based Database Management System
ROBUST MODULE BASED DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ABSTRACT The present
tendency for developing an ontology–based data management system (DMS) is to take advantage of
on attempts made to design a preceding well–established DMS (a reference system). The method
aggregates to bring out from the mention of DMS a section of schema applicable to the new
application requirements – a module –perhaps personalizing it with additional–conditions w.r.t. the
application under building, and then directing a dataset using the resulting schema. In this project,
we expand the current denotations of modules and we inaugurate novel effects of robustness that
furnish means for examine easily that a robust module–based DMS develops safely w.r.t. both the ...
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A good implementation is consequently to build on the endeavor made to design citation DMSs
whenever we have to build our own DMS with particular needs. A way to do this is to pull out from
the reference DMS the section of schema related to our application requirements, possibly to
customize it with extra–constraints w.r.t. our application under development, and then to direct our
own dataset using the resulting schema. Latest work in description logics provides various results to
fulfill such a repeat of a reference ontology–based DMS. Indeed, modern ontological languages –
like the W3C advices RDFS, OWL, and OWL2 – are actually XML–based phonological variants of
well–known DLs. All those results consist in taking out a section from an existing ontological
schema such that all the conditions respecting the relations of absorption for the application under
development are captured in the module previous definitions of sections in the literature basically
spot to the notion of (deductive) conventional extension of a schema or of uniform introduce of a
schema, a.k.a. omitting about non–interesting relations of a schema. Exemplify those two
conceptions for schemas written in DLs and debates their connection. Till now, conventional
extension has been

A Brief Note On The Migration Of Patient Health Records
Samara Zamora
Final Project
Steps Involved in Migration of Patient Health Records
A hospital in Orlando, FL has decided to switch from a paper–based system to an electronic health
record system. An electronic health record is a computerized, accessible record that contains
multimedia data (scanned images, digital, video, voice, and so on) about the patient; it is basically
the patient's paper chart. EHR's are real–time records which allow instant availability to those who
have authorized access to the EHR (Bowie, 2011). There are many reasons for a hospital to want to
change from paper records to an EHR; the usual primary reason is to improve medical
documentation. First and foremost it is important to establish what the hospital's primary reason is to
establish an EHR. Knowing this will make the transition smoother and faster because of
comprehensive EHR software and hardware installation that is comprised of a number of different
components (Medflow).
The steps involved in the migration of patient health records from a paper–based system to an
electronic health record in a hospital setting are as follows:
1. It is important to have an estimated project budget for the transition, having this will prevent
delays or cost overruns later.
2. The hospital might need to hire an outside company or decentralize document imaging at different
locations in the practice. If an outside company is hired records are sent offsite to be scanned and
converted, the hospital needs to

Analyzing And On Difference Between Web 2.0 And 2.0
ANALYZE AND SUMMERIZE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
WEB 1.0 2.0 AND 3.0
1. WEB 1.0:
Web 1.0 was the first from of Internet. Really it was called 'The Internet ' not version 1 or Web1.0. It
was for the most part utilized before 1999 when specialists called it the Read –Only period. In Web
1.0 all the websites build where static websites. The fundamental peculiarities of 'The Internet ' were
hyper–connecting and bookmarking of the pages. It just comprised of online guestbook and
framesets. There was no stream or correspondence in the middle of consumer and the maker of the
data. Additionally, the messages were sent through the HTML structure. The best samples of 'The
Web ' are static sites which were made amid the '.com advancement '. Web 1.0 ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
WEB 2.0:
It is the "writable" phase of the Internet with interactive data and information. Not at all like Web
1.0, Web 2.0 encourages interaction between web clients and websites, so it permits users to use
Internet more freely and easily. Web 2.0 energizes investment, cooperation, and data offering. It
refers to the transition from static HTML webpages to a more dynamic HTML webpages or also
called as Dynamic Web.
Web 2.0 is additionally known wisdom web, individuals driven web, participative web, and read–
write web. With the ability to read and write both, the web could get to be bi–directional. Web 2.0 is
a web as a stage where clients can leave a considerable lot of the :more cooperation with less
control. Web 2.0 is not just another variant of web 1.0; Adaptable web outline, imaginative reuse,
overhauls, communitarian content creation furthermore change were encouraged through web 2.0.
One of outstanding features of web 2.0 is to support collaboration and to help gather collective
intelligence rather web 1.0.
The Web 2.0 not only allow user to retrieve information from the web pages or the Internet it also
allows to create a user account or a profile on a site and which will help in increased participation on
the website. Web 2.0 or "the Social Web" was an effort to provide and enable individuals from all
around the world to participate in content creation and sharing, and to

Tim Berners Lee 's The World Wide Web
Introduction
In 1990, Tim Berners–Lee who invented the World Wide Web and gave theoretical and
technological background for a new hypertext based linked information system, pointed out the
problem of keywords. Searching for a particular information, document or webpage is a far more
complex and longer process then it should be, mainly because two people never seem to choose the
same keyword for the same concept. (Berners–Lee, 1990) This problem becomes more and more
acute as we enter the age of the Social Web characterized by collaborative and continuous creation,
adaptation and alteration of content. The first generation of web tools, between 1990 and 2003,
allowed users to publish information on a static page which could be read using ... Show more
However, the problem with keyword selection has remained largely unsolved, although social
tagging was a big step forward.
When users are searching for information on the web, they evaluate results tertieved before planning
the next search procedure. When evaluating, users are able to make connections between
information pieces from text, image or video based content and make associations between words.
The goal of the third generation of the web is to make more data available online readable and
analyzable for machines as well. The Semantic Web will bring structure to the meaningful content of
Web pages by using metadata and ontology, creating an environment where software agents can
rapidly answer complex queries of users. (Berners–Lee et al. 2001) The source of this environment
is already there: we have huge amount of data available online. Three components help to transform
existing data and store them as semantic data (Herman, 2006, 2008):
Universal Resource Identifier (URI) which is a subject or an object;
Resource Description Framework (RDF) triples (s,p,o) which means a labeled connection between
two resources, where "s", "p" and "o" stand for subject, property/predicate and object;
Ontology, a common metadata vocabulary that defines the concepts and relationships used to
describe and represent an area of knowledge. It is used for property characterization, term
equivalence analysis and reasoning

Mapping Of Semantic Web Ontology
Mapping of Semantic Web Ontology in User Query System
Rupali khune
Department of Computer Engineering, MMCOE Pune, University of Pune, India
rupalikhune@mmcoe.edu.in
ABSTRACT
The vision of the Semantic Web promises a kind Machine Intelligence, which can support a verity of
user tasks like improved search engine or Question Answering (QA). Ontologies are needed for
realization of the semantic web, which in turn depends on the ability of system to identify and take
advantage of relationships that exist between and within ontologies. There are huge numbers of
ontologies present on the web they need to be integrated for data integration. These ontologies are
having different in representation, quality of data and larger sizes of ontologies, this lead to be
problem during ontology mapping, on analyzing these problems and to introduce Multiagent
mapping system. Main aim is to achieve heterogeneous data integration through semantic mapping
of ontologies. this paper provide a mapping framework for Multiagent ontology having
heterogeneous data in Semantic web and develop a question answering system from developed
framework of ontology's and improve performance by adding semantic relation interpreter which
improves response time.
General Terms
Ontology, Semantic Web, Similarity.
Keywords
Automated question answering system, Multiagent System, Ontology Mapping, Semantic relation
interpreter, semantic web.
1. INTRODUCTION
Web mining [1] uses data mining techniques to

Construction Education Essay
In the construction domain, the semantic web has been used in the field of construction education,
supply chain, project and construction management, material storage, project design, architecture
and graphic designs, etc.
In the field of construction education, repositories have been developed in managing objects as well
as metadata using ontologies that offers a set of services such as storing, retrieving and searching of
learning objects using semantic web technologies(Ahmed et al. 2007; Pathmeswaran and Ahmed
2009; Argüello et al. 2006a; Argüello et al. 2006b). In the domain of supply chain, great use of
semantic repositories about information from different partners on a common or different projects
have been undertaken (Zou and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the material technology domain, XML technologies have been developed for interchange of
materials information. It addresses the problems of interpretation and interoperability for materials
property data exchanged via the WWW (MatML 2003). In project design information generated
from the pre–planning stage can be processed and retained in the format which all the project
participants can share. This has been achieved using object–oriented attributes and meta–data in
Building Information Modelling and implemented in OWL ontologies (Lee et al. 2008). In
architecture and graphic designs, standards have been developed by the International Alliance for
Interoperability for data representation and file format (ifcXML) for defining architectural and
constructional CAD graphic data based on XML technologies. This aims at facilitating the transfer
of design data by architectural CAD to and fro between rival products (IAI 2006). Similar projects
based on XML technologies such as bcXML (Frits et al. 2001) and aecXML (IAI 2002) have been
used in establishing meta–data–based collaboration system model in order to substitute web–based
collaboration in construction project management (Leung et al. 2003). In Edum–Fotwe and Price
(2009) ontologies in appraising sustainability of construction projects and development from the
social

An Enhanced Approach For Web Services Clustering Using...
An Enhanced Approach for Web Services Clustering using Supervised Machine Learning
Techniques
ABSTRACT
Automatic document classification provides techniques that may improve and support web service
clustering. As the number of services increases, the cost of classifying services through manual work
increases. In this research, we presented an enhanced approach for service clustering that combines
text mining and machine learning technology. The method only uses text description of each service
so that it can classify different types of services, such as WSDL Web Service, RESTful Web Service.
This approach provides better performance in terms of service discovery efficiency and
effectiveness. In this approach, we identify four key features that can be extracted from WSDL
documents and integrated to cluster web services into functionality–based groups. These features are
WSDL content, types, referenced ontology, and web service name. our approach utilizes the
supervised machine learning techniques such as Decision Trees, Deep Learning, and Naïve Bays
classification methods. A comparison between the three techniques are made regarding the result
accuracy and the computation cost.
INTRODUCTION
Web service discovery is becoming difficult task because of increasing Web services available on
the Internet. As seeking for efficient web service discovery is main challenge for researchers,
research in cluster analysis of web services has recently gained much attention. This is due

Taking a Look at Web Services
1.1 WEB SERVICES Web service is a communication between two electronic device.it provides
network address over the web. web service is also called as utility computing. 1.2 WEB
ONTOLOGY Ontology is the structural data framework for this organizing to information and used
in artificial, intelligence, semantic web, system engineering, software engineering, biomedical
inform, library science and ect form of knowledge base representation this about the world or over
some part of it. The creation of domain ontology is also fundamental to the definition and use of an
enterprise architecture framework rules. A common ontology defines the vocabulary with own
queries and assertions are the exchanged to among them user agents. Ontological commitments are
agreements to use the shared vocabulary in a process relation goals, and consistent manner. The
agents sharing a vocabulary need not share the problem maintain to the occures a knowledge base;
each knows things the other does not, and an agent that commits to an ontology is not required to
answer all queries that can be formulated in the shared vocabulary. Ontologies are often equated
with mining the collection of classes, class definitions, and the sub assumption relation, but
ontologies need not be limited to these forms. Ontologies are also not that is, definitions the
traditional logic sense that only introduce terminology and do not add any knowledge about the
world. will specify a conceptualization,

An Insight Into The Qos Techniques
The following paper gives an insight into the QoS Techniques. It will first introduce the concept
of Quality of Service. Then it will provide an understanding about the important of QoS in
today's computer networking world followed by discussion of various new QoS techniques
being researched and implemented.
As the name goes QoS deal with the overall performance of a system or a computer network.
Since it is in regards to the service being, provided we are mainly concerned with the
performance factor as seen by the users of our system or the network [6]. Here the idea is to
measure and improve several aspects of network service like transmission rate, bit rate, error
rate, jitters, network availability etc. [6] A plus would ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There is a continuous ongoing research on QoS procedures that can be
deployed in various different network type, An RSVP technique for resource allocation is
implemented by using the parameterized approach, Unlike packet switched network, some
circuit switched network does not need special QoS procedure as the mechanism are
implemented in the core protocol definitions, some even implement the alternative of providing
high load to the network so that the estimates are based on peak time traffic and would work well
in all conditions, Some QoS mechanisms are defined in the protocols, Some services also
implement mobile QoS techniques, While some others will set definitive standards which require
QoS mechanisms for its fulfillment, Thus irrespective of the way it is implemented QoS is an

important networking attribute.
2. Adaptive multi–polling scheduler for QoS support of video
Transmission in IEEE 802.11e WLANs
2.1 Introduction
The paper contains the information about hybrid coordination function controlled channel access
(HCCA) for the rigorous QoS provision. In that, a fixed transmission opportunity (TXOP) is
allocated by the station so that it is competent for constant bit rate streams. A dynamic TXOP
assignment algorithm known as adaptive multi–polling TXOP scheduling algorithm (AMTXOP)
for supporting video traffics over Wi–Fi networks.
2.2 IEEE 802.11e HCCA

Essay On Rdf File Storage
Creation of Ontology Model and XML/RDF file storage
Given the advantages of using RDF (Lassila and Swick, 1999), (Susmitha and Thammi Reddy,
2011). According to Zhou (Zhou et al., 2010), there are three kinds of RDF data storage formats, one
is XML / RDF file format, the second one is a special XML / RDF database and the third one is a
traditional relational database. If small amounts of data is considered then it is preferable to go with
XML/RDF file storage, But if large amounts of data are considered where scalability, data integrity,
query efficiency etc; are important, then it is preferable to go with XML/RDF database or relational
database for storing RDF data (Zhou et al., 2010). In this paper, as SodhanaRef is experimental and
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
3. Has author: hasAuther(A,a), Assuming the availability of resource "A", it has an author "a".
4. Is Author of: isAuthorOf(a,A), Assuming the availability of a resource "A", its author value is "a",
in the sense "a" is the author of the resource "A".
5. Has keyword: hasKeyword(A, k), assuming the availability of resource "A", it has a keyword "k".
6. Is keyword of: isKeywordOf(k,A), assuming the availability of resource "A", its keyword value is
"k", in the sense "k" is the keyword of the resource "A".
7. Is reference of: isReferenceOf(A,B), assuming the availability of both resource "A" and "B", "A"
is considered as cited or referred by "B".
8. Has path: hasPath(A,p), assuming the availability of resource "A", is has the path "p" indicating
the location of the resource. Figure 4
Table 1 : Sample RDF in our ontology
As journal article documents are to be considered as semantic web resources (Sauermann, 2005)
each is identified by a uniform resource identifier and all of the data is available and queryable as
RDF graph.
As there is only a requirement of lightweight Ontology, the RDFS language is chosen for its
establishment because it contains most of the primitives that are defined in language OWL–Lite.
Therefore, we adopted the RDFS ontology language to describe the relations among the resources.
Initially using Jena framework an ontology model will be created and store it in a .owl file and later
on the instances of the

Lack Of Professional Human Resource Workforce
Lack of Professional Human Resource Workforce A mechanized information framework requires
gifted work force for its successful operation. Preparing is one of the angles for utilization of any
new technology. Inadequacy of talented workforce can be overcome by giving fitting preparing in
the required range. An appropriate preparing module in building engineering of a solid database
ought to be accessible. On the off chance that it is not actualized, then results or results picked up by
such sort of databases gives unauthentic results which can nor be utilized for basic leadership
process nor for confirmation based practice. Preparing requires cost and also time.
Cost and time barriers
Significant issue in arranging workshops and trainings ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Evaluation of integration technologies
While trying to give a reasonable point of view of the accessible mechanical methodologies that can
be actualized in the healthcare store network, this area talks about the general focal points and
drawbacks of every combination technology, specifically, message–and question arranged
advancements.
Electronic data interchange
For a long time, EDIFACT has been the most broadly utilized convention for EDI messages.
Numerous healthcare associations, and also businesses in different commercial enterprises, have
utilized the EDI approach as a part of request to trade particular space records towards the end of
work serious assignments. As a rule, EDI encourages the application–to–application electronic trade
of linguistically organized information arranged reports. However, over the years it has become
apparent that healthcare communication standards, such as EDI messages, fail to effectively
establish requirements for the internal structure and architecture of communicating systems,
requiring the information in any one system to be mapped twice: once into the message standard
format by the contributing system, and once back into the internal representation of the receiving
system (Dudeck, 1998).Although the EDI approach achieves integration at the data level, it does not
provide process integration. Thus, it has been characterised by many as a complex technology owing
to the daunting task of the mapping

Disadvantages And Positive Impacts Of Social Network On...
Social networks are tools which represent the relationships between individuals and groups in a
community. Nowadays virtual or online communities are groups of people connected through the
internet and other information technologies have become an important part of modern society and
contribute to life in many contexts social, educational, political and business. In early 20th century,
virtual networking has become popular through web–based applications. There are many web based
applications like LinkedIn, Netflix, MySpace, Facebook, Skype, Google hangout made the social
networking much more popular. They have revolutionized the way people communicate and
socialize on the Web. Today social network has become inseparable part of our everyday life. People
can ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Along with positive impacts social networks have negative effects like if one is careful,
unscrupulous people can target you for cyber bullying and harassment on social sites. School
children, young girls, and women can fall prey to online attacks which can create tension and
distress. If someone is not careful, what you post on the Net can come back to haunt you. Revealing
personal information on social sites can make users vulnerable to crimes like identity theft, stalking,
etc. It can affect drastically on their professional, social and private

Web Service And Web Services
ABSTRACT
Web Services are modular, self–describing, self–contained and loosely coupled applications that can
be published, located, and invoked across the web. With the increasing number of web services
available on the web, the need for web services composition is becoming more and more important.
Nowadays, for answering complex needs of users, the construction of new web services based on
existing ones is required.
This problem is known as web services composition. However, it is one of big challenge problems
of recent years in a distributed and dynamic environment. The various approaches in field of web
service compositions proposed by the researchers. In this paper we present a review of existing
approaches for web service composition and compare them among each other with respect to some
key requirements. We hope this paper helps researchers to focus on their efforts and to deliver
lasting solutions in this field.
KEYWORDS
Semantic Web Service, Semantic Similarity, Web Services Composition, Composition Techniques.
1. INTRODUCTION
Service Oriented Architectures (SOA) and Web Services are presented in the mainstream scientific
and industrial for many years. SOA is an architectural paradigm and interactions or patterns between
them for components of a system. In this architecture, service is a contractually defined behavior
that can be implemented and provided by a component for by using another component [1].
Web service is a [2]. software component that takes the input

The Requirements Engineering Phase Within A Software...
The requirements engineering phase within a software project is a heavily knowledge–driven,
collaborative process that typically involves the analysis and creation of a large number of textual
artifacts. We know that requirements engineering has a large impact on the success of a project,
semantic recommender support, especially for stakeholders during requirement elicitation is still
lacking.
This paper proposes an approach for recommendation systems that enable semantic interoperability
with content base filtering technique to manage stakeholders ' requirements, avoiding analysts to
receive incompatible requirements. This ensures them that the received requirements are trusted,
completed and compatible with each other. This may prevent analysts from effort loads that they
always get stacked in during requirement elicitation process. The study incorporates ontology for
enhancing user profiles that are mapped to ontology concepts, and thus utilize ontology relations to
present more fine grain recommended concepts for enhancing requirements.
Keywords– requirment elicitation; requirment engineering; recommendation system;semantic
recommender system, ontolgical base requirment engineering.
I. INTRODUCTION
Requirements engineering is a traditional software engineering process that aims to identify,
analyze, document and validate requirements for the system to be developed. It is the practice of
eliciting, analyzing, prioritizing, negotiating, and specifying the

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Sr
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Now days, people are more aware about global things, that's why they take more interest to collect
information's and data of the globe. Every user understands the verbal language more clearly. Basic
language is very important for the user to get Information. For example, basic language is Hindi in
India of about 70% of people. As per human progress review analyze in the year 2012; in India of
about 10.35 % are only the people who converse in English. Third largest internet users are in the
India.
Therefore, it has become the need of the hour to build the tools that provide information in our local
language. Nowadays web pages are available in other languages. Advantage of CLIR system is that
it allows ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
M Chaware and S. Rao," Ontology Approach for Cross– Language IR", The Approach is to Design
& build ontology from relational database.
L. Ballesteros and W. Bruce Croft," The ambiguity is resolved for cross language retrieval",
Translation of Phrase by using statistics co occurrence analysis from unlinked corpus and combines
this technique.
B.Ashwin Kumar, Vits, Karimnagar," The Methods of Cross Language Information Retrieval
(CLIR) was Profound in the Survey", in the web, the Information is stored is in English. Scan every
item in the database is the easiest way to search for the information. When the need arises to
translate the languages, then there will be a developing need for CLIR systems
Chen Rui, Zhao Rongying," The Visual analysis is performed on the research of CLIR", The
knowledge mapping based on the data of cross–language information retrieval (CLIR). The
translation of query, the expansion of query and translation of machine are the hot topics of CLIR.
Turid Hedlund, Heikki Keskustalo, and Turid Hedland, Ari Pirkola," CLIR is Based on the
Dictionary." The Structured query models by Dictionary Translation consist Of

Essay on Knowledge Representation Using Semantic Web...
The emergence of the World Wide Web (WWW) has brought exciting new possibilities in
information access and electronic business. The WWW has grown to be the largest distributed
repository of information ever created. Current estimates reveal that the Web currently contains
about 3 billion static documents and being accessed by over 500 million users from around the
world [6]. Web content consists largely of distributed hypertext and hypermedia, accessible via
keyword–based search and link navigation. Simplicity is one of the Web's major strengths and an
important feature in its popularity and growth. It is this simplicity that has fuelled its wide uptake
and exponential growth. However, it is this very simplicity that is hampering further ... Show more
The vision of the Semantic Web is very ambitious and will require solving long–standing research
problems in knowledge representation and reasoning, natural language computing, computer vision
and agent systems [8]. However, considerable progress is being made in the infrastructure required
to support the Semantic Web, particularly in the development of languages and tools for content
annotation and design and deployment of ontologies. Although the realization of the Semantic Web
is still a long way into the future, our aim in the work presented in this paper is to explore the extent
to which we can apply emerging developments in this area in order to provide decision support and
recommendations of appropriate innovations in sustainable building technologies for use in a
particular situation. Nonetheless, based on this exploration study, some existing essential Semantic
Web components have been implemented in developing a prototype ontology in the domain of
photovoltaic system technology. The development of the prototype ontology was facilitated by the
protégé–OWL editor. To demonstrate the usefulness of ontologies, some exemplar queries have been
formulated, executed and results presented. This was undertaken through the use of Description
Logics. A key to the Semantic Web technology is an ontology language

Technology Behind the “Siri”
TECHNOLOGY BEHIND THE "SIRI" By– Archit Khullar ( 10–ecu–043 ) Apple's famous "one
more thing" during iPhone 4S presentation last week came in the form of Siri. It's an "Intelligent
Personal Assistant" that understands what you are telling it to do and can perform certain tasks. E.g.
reserve a table at your favorite restaurant, reply to SMS, set a calendar appointment, tell you
whether it will rain tomorrow, or figure out the distance to the moon. But the opinion about Siri
remains divided. There is a majority of those whose see just nice voice control and speech
recognition gimmicks of Siri and think "Meh". "'Seen that already, many times. Maybe Apple's stuff
is nicer, neater, does a bit more and is interesting in some limited ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Restaurant/dining active Onthology can include one or several restaurant databases, a number of
restaurant review services like Yelp and Zagat, accessed via API, a special dining related vocabulary
database, a model of actions that people usually perform when they they decide on the next dinner,
an access to reservation service like Open Table and the rules for automatically making a reservation
through it and entering the reservation to user's calendar, specially formatted dialogs related to the
restaurant choosing and reservation process, etc;. After user request passes through the language
recognition/interpretation module, with the help of relevant active ontology Siri tries to figure out
user intent. After it does that, the intent is routed to the "Service orchestration component" (SOC).
This component figures out what external services can be used to fulfill the request, and translates it
into a commands that these services can understand, collets the information, sorts it out for the user
and performs required actions. Siri was met with a very positive reaction for its ease of use and
practicality, as well as its apparent "personality". Google's executive chairman and former chief,
Eric Schmidt, has conceded that Siri could pose a "competitive threat" to the company's core search
business. Google generates a large portion of its revenue from clickable ad links returned in the
context of searches. The threat comes from the

Hcs 2115 Final Project Papers
BMO Internet Security
Final Project Paper
University of Toronto
SCS 2115
Professor: Dr. Ken K. Wong
By: Kevin Fernando
13/06/2010
The semantic web is a vision created and promoted by Tim–Berners–Lee and the World Wide Web
Consortium. In his article the Semantic Web in Scientific American (2001) Berners–Lee explains
that The Semantic Web is not a separate Web but an extension of the current one, in which
information is given well–defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in
cooperation What Berners–Lee means by this is that in its current state, internet technology is not
designed in a way in which computers and machines can interact with each other most efficiently.
The primary reason for this disconnect is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ultimately, I think this is the direction the semantic web will take – better database indexing, greater
understanding of synonymous terms/phrases by search engines, and personalized recommendations
based on user trends.
While I do not think it would be impossible, I think it would be quite a few years before the
emergence of a user deployable, effective software agent that can conduct complex multi–variable
search tasks is realized. I say this because in order for this to occur in a useful fashion, the meta–tag
data techniques used by the semantic web would need to be universally incorporated into virtually
every website ever built – no easy task by any stretch of the imagination. In short, I think that while
the concept of a true Semantic Web may be too utopian for reality, some of the guiding principles
will be adopted in the inevitable transition to what might be later coined "Web 3.0"
For Electricite de France, the implemented Semantic web technologies have many potential benefits
for their consumer end users. For example, within the research and innovation section, interlinking
tags, RDF information, ontology instances and tagged content will enable these individuals to locate
articles, films, books, services etc. more efficiently than prior to its implementation. Similarly,
shareholders and investors may be able to locate critical decision making financial information with
greater accuracy because of the inclusion of these methods. Furthermore, if

The Llinked Data Cloud
A. Functionality The system has two levels of views, a high level view at the namespace level and a
lower level view at the class level. By selecting a particular ontology users can move from
namespace level to class level. To make the maps more easily readable shorthand prefixes are used
rather than displaying full URIs. B. Namespace level At the finest level view, the most intermittently
occurring namespaces are displayed, with edges linking that are ordinarily connected. Each
namespace is shown as a nodule and labeled with its shorthand URI and a number indicts the
number of times that an instance is defined as belonging to a class of this namespace. Between two
namespaces the user can have the mouse pointer over the arrowhead of an edge to view the number
of links between occurrences belonging to classes of relevant namespaces. In order to view the
corresponding class level map the user can click on the shorthand URI of a namespace C. Class
level Most frequently occurring classes belonging to a particular namespace is shown in this class
level view and even classes from other namespaces that they are directly connected to. Generally
that are commonly connected are linked with an edge. We can have the mouse pointer over the
arrowhead connecting two classes to view the usage of the properties and a there will be a box
which shows a ranked list of properties that most commonly link instances of these classes. To
lookup a class or property in SWSE and retrieve

Questions On Deep Learning Technique Essay
1.4.3 Deep Learning Technique
Machine Learning at its most basic is the practice of using algorithms to parse data, learn from it,
and then make a determination or prediction about something in the world. So rather than hand–
coding software routines with a specific set of instructions to accomplish a particular task, the
machine is "trained" using large amounts of data and algorithms that give it the ability to learn how
to perform the task [12]. Deep learning is another Machine Learning (ML) algorithm. Deep learning
is essentially a set of techniques that help you to parameterize deep neural network structures, neural
networks with many, many layers and parameters. Deep Learning breaks down tasks in ways that
makes all kinds of machine assists seem possible, even likely. The confusion matrix, in Figure 8
shows that the accuracy of this model is (90.80) with weighted average precision (91.37) greater
than recall (91.11) and F1–score (91.24). From the above results, it appears that Deep Learning
classifier achieve higher accuracy, precision, recall, and F1–score. Figure 11: Clustering accuracy
using Deep Learning Technique
1.5 Results Comparison
Table 2: Performance Measures Comparison
Model Decision Trees Naïve Bays Deep Learning
Domain precision recall precision recall precision recall food 100.00 25.93 58.06 66.67 46.55
100.00 communication 63.77 95.65 88.89 86.96 100.00 100.00 education 83.54 88.26 88.65 88.26
90.22 88.26 medical 61.67 62.71

Service Oriented Design For Interfacing Web Services
Introduction
Web Services are an every growing and highly useful method of viewing and manipulating
geographic products, however there are several different ways in which to go about interfacing Web
Services. SOAP (Originally Simple Object Access Protocol) and Representational State Transfer
(REST) are two of the most recent and commonly used methods for interfacing Web Services. This
essay will expand on what SOAP and REST are, compare the differences between them, and where
possible relate their uses in the production of geospatial Web Services in Defence.
Aim
This essay strives to give readers a decent understanding of what SOAP and REST are, what and
how they are used, and in what circumstances would one out–perform the other. It will ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
SOAP
SOAP first came into being in 1998 after being developed by Microsoft, however, it was not until
SOAP version 1.2 was released in June 2003 that SOAP became a World Wide Web Consortium
(W3C) Recommendation. This is also where SOAP ceased to be known as Simple Object Access
Protocol and remains to this day as SOAP.
The main reason for its development was to supersede some of the older communication
technologies that weren't as effective when being used across the internet such as Distributed
Component Object Model (DCOM) and Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA)
SOAP is a communication protocol that utilises Extensible Mark–up Language (XML) to define the
messaging framework and send messages from one application to another via other protocols such
as Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.
It can be used in conjunction with Web Services Description Language (WSDL). This language is
for the descriptions of web services and how to go about locating and accessing them. As with
SOAP, WSDL is also XML based. WSDL is also a W3C Recommendation.
A SOAP message has four main elements. These elements are an; envelope, header, body, and a
fault element. See Fig 1 for a visual breakdown of the SOAP message structure.
Fig 1: The SOAP Message Structure (Foggon et al, 2003)
Fig 1 shows that the Envelope element is the root of the whole message and everything else is
contained within the envelope. The Envelope

Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) is an information...
Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) is an information infrastructure providing access and enabling
interoperability among spatial information based on standards, policies, regulations and coordination
mechanisms (Groot R, 1997). The methods for creating SDI undergone radical changes in the recent
years like the shift from the product–led model or data–producer–led model to process–led model or
data–user model, etc. However, there are some limitations challenging the SDI growth like the lack
of standards to handle linked geospatial data, etc. The goal of this essay is to detail the concepts for
the creation of an improved SDI in the year 2019. The intended SDI integrates the existing
developments in the field to the relevant emerging trends ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
For example, services like WFS will now be Software as a Service (SaaS) as they offer functionality,
such as spatio–temporal query. Similarly, processing services like WPS (Web processing Services)
where the computation resources are provided via PaaS (Platform as a Service) and IaaS
(Infrastructure as a Service). The benefits of using a cloud computing infrastructure from a
networking perspective are standardized service interfaces between different clouds; the existing
publish–find–bind pattern for service interaction can be reused. The SDI can incorporate data
mining techniques that would help in creation of geospatial or aspatial relationships between data
based on the ontology or geographic information. This would help recognize patterns in data and
help us to find auxiliary information. People The future SDI would encourage the participation of
public sector like government agencies, private sector like companies and citizens (Internet users).
To increase the awareness of this SDI, there is some functionality in the SDI that benefits directly
the end user and increases the ease of participation, like providing a set of applications related to
day–to–day life. Willingness to share data should be cultivated with the help of public sector
agencies, by giving them the confidence and belief. Policies and Institutional Arrangements The
infrastructure supports a number of standards related to

Cloud Service Providers Ranking System Using Ontology
A Cloud Service Providers Ranking System Using Ontology K.Niha, M.Tech Dr. W.Aisha Banu,
Professor Ruby Annette, Research Scholar Department of CSE Department of CSE Department of
IT B.S.Abdur Rahman University B.S.Abdur Rahman University B.S.Abdur Rahman University
Vandalur, Chennai, India Vandalur, Chennai, India Vandalur, Chennai, India niha.k.cse@gmail.com
aisha@bsauniv.ac.in Rubysubash2010@gmail.com Abstract–Cloud services play an important role
in IT industries and enable the access of infrastructure and application services on a subscription
basis. As a result, several enterprises have started to offer different cloud services to their customers.
Due to the vast diversity in the available cloud services, from the customer's ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Keywords–web extraction; pattern matching; ranking; ontology; QoS attributes. I.
INTRODUCTION Cloud computing is a wide topic and many researches are focused on improving
the technology and facilitating the use of the technology. One of the concepts that have evolved to
felicitate the use of the Cloud technology is the Cloud services which are offered by different Cloud
providers. They are mainly grouped into three categories [10] as, Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
provides an environment for deploying, running and managing virtual machines and storage,
Platform as a Service (PaaS) provides a platform for developing other applications on top of it,
Software as a Service (SaaS) provides access to complete applications as a service, such as
Customer Relationship Management (CRM) [11]. Due to this diversity of cloud offerings, an
important challenge for customers is to discover who the exact cloud providers that can satisfy their
requirements. Often, there may be trade–offs between different functional and non–functional
requirements fulfilled by different cloud providers. This makes it difficult to evaluate service levels
of different Cloud providers in an objective way. Therefore, it is not sufficient to

The Revolution Of Cloud Computing

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