The Ring programming language version 1.2 book - Part 23 of 84
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This document provides documentation on various functions available in the Ring standard library (stdlib). It describes functions for input/output like puts(), print(), getstring(), getnumber(). It also covers functions for working with strings like split(), capitalized(), startswith(), endswith(). Additionally, it details functions for working with lists and arrays like value(), map(), filter(), newlist(). Further, it discusses mathematical and statistical functions like factorial(), fibonacci(), isprime(), gcd(), lcm(), sumlist(), prodlist(). Examples are given to demonstrate the usage of each function.
![Ring Documentation, Release 1.2
setattribute(o1,"nSalary",1000000)
setattribute(o1,"aColors",["white","blue","yellow"])
see o1
see o1.aColors
Class Person
cName
nSalary
aColors
Output:
cname: Mahmoud
nsalary: 1000000.000000
acolors: List...
white
blue
yellow
36.28 mergemethods() Function
We can share methods between classes without inheritance using the MergeMethods() function
This function merge class methods to another class.
Syntax:
MergeMethods(cClassNameDestination,cClassNameSource)
Example:
mergemethods("count","share")
mergemethods("count2","share")
o1 = new count { test() }
o1 = new count2 { test() }
Class Share
func one
see "one" + nl
func two
see "two" + nl
func three
see "three" + nl
Class Display
Func printline
see copy("*",20) + nl
Class Count from Display
Func test
printline()
one()
two()
three()
printline()
36.28. mergemethods() Function 200](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/221ringring-170217114211/85/The-Ring-programming-language-version-1-2-book-Part-23-of-84-1-320.jpg)
![Ring Documentation, Release 1.2
Load "stdlib.ring"
Puts("Test Newlist()")
a1 = 3
a2 = 5
chrArray = newlist(a1,a2)
numArray = newlist(a1,a2)
chrArray[1][1] = "Hello"
numArray[1][1] = 987.2
See chrArray[1][1] + nl
See numArray[1][1] + nl
37.12 capitalized() function
Return a copy of a string with the first letter capitalized
Syntax:
Capitalized(string) ---> string
Example:
Load "stdlib.ring"
Puts("Test Capitalized()")
See capitalized("welcome to the Ring Programming Language")
37.13 isspecial() function
Check whether a character is special or not
Syntax:
IsSpecial(char) ---> True/False
Example:
Load "stdlib.ring"
Puts("Test Isspecial()")
See "Isspecial = " + isSpecial("%") + nl
37.14 isvowel() function
Check whether a character is vowel or not
Syntax:
IsVowel(char) ---> True/False
Example:
37.12. capitalized() function 205](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/221ringring-170217114211/85/The-Ring-programming-language-version-1-2-book-Part-23-of-84-6-320.jpg)
![Ring Documentation, Release 1.2
Load "stdlib.ring"
Puts("Test Gcd()")
see gcd (24, 32) + nl
37.25 lcm() function
Compute the least common multiple of two integers.
Syntax:
lcm(number,number) ---> number
Example:
Load "stdlib.ring"
Puts("Test Lcm()")
see Lcm(24,36) + nl
37.26 sumlist() function
Compute the sum of a list of integers.
Syntax:
sumlist(list) ---> number
Example:
Load "stdlib.ring"
Puts("Test Sumlist()")
aList = [1,2,3,4,5]
see Sumlist(aList) + nl
37.27 prodlist() function
Compute the product of a list of integers.
Syntax:
prodlist(list) ---> number
Example:
Load "stdlib.ring"
Puts("Test Prodlist()")
aList = [1,2,3,4,5]
see Prodlist(aList) + nl
37.25. lcm() function 209](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/221ringring-170217114211/85/The-Ring-programming-language-version-1-2-book-Part-23-of-84-10-320.jpg)
The Ring programming language version 1.2 book - Part 23 of 84
- 1. Ring Documentation, Release 1.2 setattribute(o1,"nSalary",1000000) setattribute(o1,"aColors",["white","blue","yellow"]) see o1 see o1.aColors Class Person cName nSalary aColors Output: cname: Mahmoud nsalary: 1000000.000000 acolors: List... white blue yellow 36.28 mergemethods() Function We can share methods between classes without inheritance using the MergeMethods() function This function merge class methods to another class. Syntax: MergeMethods(cClassNameDestination,cClassNameSource) Example: mergemethods("count","share") mergemethods("count2","share") o1 = new count { test() } o1 = new count2 { test() } Class Share func one see "one" + nl func two see "two" + nl func three see "three" + nl Class Display Func printline see copy("*",20) + nl Class Count from Display Func test printline() one() two() three() printline() 36.28. mergemethods() Function 200
- 2. Ring Documentation, Release 1.2 Class Count2 from Display Func test three() two() one() printline() Output: ******************** one two three ******************** three two one ******************** 36.28. mergemethods() Function 201
- 3. CHAPTER THIRTYSEVEN STDLIB FUNCTIONS In this chapter we are going to learn about functions in the stdlib.ring 37.1 puts() function print the value then print new line (nl) Syntax: puts(expr) Example: Load "stdlib.ring" Puts("Hello, World!") 37.2 print() function print string - support n,t and r Also we can use #{variable_name} to insert variables values. Syntax: print(string) Example: Load "stdlib.ring" print("nHello, WorldnnHow are you? tt I'm fine!n") x=10 y=20 print("nx value = #{x} , y value = #{y} n") 37.3 getstring() function Get input from the keyboard - return value as string getstring() ---> string 202
- 4. Ring Documentation, Release 1.2 37.4 getnumber() function Get input from the keyboard - return value as number getnumber() ---> number 37.5 apppath() function Get the path of the application folder Syntax: AppPath() ---> The path as String Example: Load "stdlib.ring" # Application Path Puts("Test AppPath()") See AppPath() + nl 37.6 value() function create a copy from a list or object Syntax: value(List) ---> new list Example: Load "stdlib.ring" aList = 1:10 del(value(aList),1) # delete first item see aList # print numbers from 1 to 10 37.7 times() function Execute a Function nCount times Syntax: Times(nCount,function) Example: Load "stdlib.ring" Puts("Test Times()") Times ( 3 , func { see "Hello, World!" + nl } ) 37.4. getnumber() function 203
- 5. Ring Documentation, Release 1.2 37.8 map() function Execute a Function on each list item Syntax: Map(alist,function) Example: Load "stdlib.ring" Puts("Test Map()") See Map( 1:10, func x { return x*x } ) 37.9 filter() function Execute a Function on each list item to filter items Syntax: Filter(alist,function) Example: Load "stdlib.ring" Puts("Test Filter()") See Filter( 1:10 , func x { if x <= 5 return true else return false ok } ) 37.10 split() function Convert string words to list items Syntax: Split(cstring,delimiter) Example: Load "stdlib.ring" Puts("Test Split()") See Split("one two three four five"," ") 37.11 newlist() function Create a two dimensional list Syntax: NewList(nRows,nColumns) ---> new list Example: 37.8. map() function 204
- 6. Ring Documentation, Release 1.2 Load "stdlib.ring" Puts("Test Newlist()") a1 = 3 a2 = 5 chrArray = newlist(a1,a2) numArray = newlist(a1,a2) chrArray[1][1] = "Hello" numArray[1][1] = 987.2 See chrArray[1][1] + nl See numArray[1][1] + nl 37.12 capitalized() function Return a copy of a string with the first letter capitalized Syntax: Capitalized(string) ---> string Example: Load "stdlib.ring" Puts("Test Capitalized()") See capitalized("welcome to the Ring Programming Language") 37.13 isspecial() function Check whether a character is special or not Syntax: IsSpecial(char) ---> True/False Example: Load "stdlib.ring" Puts("Test Isspecial()") See "Isspecial = " + isSpecial("%") + nl 37.14 isvowel() function Check whether a character is vowel or not Syntax: IsVowel(char) ---> True/False Example: 37.12. capitalized() function 205
- 7. Ring Documentation, Release 1.2 Load "stdlib.ring" Puts("Test Isvowel()") See "Isvowel = " + isVowel("c") + nl 37.15 linecount() function Return the lines count in a text file. Syntax: LineCount(cFileName) ---> Lines Count as number Example: Load "stdlib.ring" Puts("Test Linecount()") See "the number of lines = " + lineCount("test.ring") 37.16 factorial() function Return the factorial of a number Syntax: Factorial(number) ---> number Example: Load "stdlib.ring" Puts("Test Factorial()") see "6 factorial is : " + Factorial(6) 37.17 fibonacci() function Return the fibonacci number Syntax: Fibonacci(number) ---> number Example: Load "stdlib.ring" Puts("Test Fibonacci()") see "6 Fibonacci is : " + Fibonacci(6) 37.15. linecount() function 206
- 8. Ring Documentation, Release 1.2 37.18 isprime() function Check whether a number is prime or not Syntax: isprime(number) ---> Number Example: Load "stdlib.ring" Puts("Test Isprime()") if isPrime(16) see "16 is a prime number" else see "16 is not a prime number" ok 37.19 sign() function Returns an integer value indicating the sign of a number. Syntax: Sign(number) ---> number ( -1 = negative , 0 , 1 (positive) ) Example: Load "stdlib.ring" Puts("Test Sign()") see "sign of 12 is = " + sign(12) + nl 37.20 list2file() function Write list items to text file (each item in new line). Syntax: List2File(aList,cFileName) Example: Load "stdlib.ring" # Test List2File Puts("Test List2File()") list2file(1:100,"myfile.txt") 37.21 file2list() function Read text file and convert lines to list items Syntax: 37.18. isprime() function 207
- 9. Ring Documentation, Release 1.2 File2List(cFileName) ---> List Example: Load "stdlib.ring" # Test File2List Puts("Test File2List()") see len(file2list("myfile.txt")) 37.22 startswith() function Returns true if the given string starts with the specified substring. Leading white spaces are ignored. Syntax: StartsWith(string, substring) ---> True/False Example: Load "stdlib.ring" Puts("Test Startswith()") see Startswith("CalmoSoft", "Calmo") + nl 37.23 endswith() function Returns true if the given string ends with the specified substring. Trailing white spaces are ignored. Syntax: Endswith(string, substring) ---> True/False Example: Load "stdlib.ring" Puts("Test Endswith()") see endsWith("CalmoSoft", "Soft") + nl 37.24 gcd() function Finding of the greatest common divisor of two integers. Syntax: Gcd(number,number) ---> number Example: 37.22. startswith() function 208
- 10. Ring Documentation, Release 1.2 Load "stdlib.ring" Puts("Test Gcd()") see gcd (24, 32) + nl 37.25 lcm() function Compute the least common multiple of two integers. Syntax: lcm(number,number) ---> number Example: Load "stdlib.ring" Puts("Test Lcm()") see Lcm(24,36) + nl 37.26 sumlist() function Compute the sum of a list of integers. Syntax: sumlist(list) ---> number Example: Load "stdlib.ring" Puts("Test Sumlist()") aList = [1,2,3,4,5] see Sumlist(aList) + nl 37.27 prodlist() function Compute the product of a list of integers. Syntax: prodlist(list) ---> number Example: Load "stdlib.ring" Puts("Test Prodlist()") aList = [1,2,3,4,5] see Prodlist(aList) + nl 37.25. lcm() function 209