The Ring programming language version 1.5.2 book - Part 34 of 181
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This document provides documentation on various functions available in the Ring standard library (stdlib) for tasks like string manipulation, mathematical operations, date/time functions, and more. It describes the syntax and examples of usage for over 40 functions, including endsWith(), gcd(), sumlist(), factors(), binarydigits(), and ListAllFiles(). The functions cover a wide range of common use cases and data types like strings, lists, matrices, files.
![Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.2
aList = [1,2,3,4,5]
see Sumlist(aList) + nl
42.31 prodlist() function
Compute the product of a list of integers.
Syntax:
prodlist(list) ---> number
Example:
Load "stdlib.ring"
Puts("Test Prodlist()")
aList = [1,2,3,4,5]
see Prodlist(aList) + nl
42.32 evenorodd() function
Test whether an integer is even or odd.
Result of test (1=odd 2=even).
Syntax:
evenorodd(number) ---> 1 (odd) or 2 (even)
Example:
Load "stdlib.ring"
Puts("Test Evenorodd()")
nr = 17
see Evenorodd(nr) + nl
42.33 factors() function
Compute the factors of a positive integer.
Syntax:
factors(list) ---> list
Example:
Load "stdlib.ring"
Puts("Test Factors()")
n = 45
aList = factors(n)
see "Factors of " + n + " = "
for i = 1 to len(aList)
42.31. prodlist() function 306](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/331pdfsamfayedringdoc1-180227021813/85/The-Ring-programming-language-version-1-5-2-book-Part-34-of-181-2-320.jpg)
![Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.2
see "" + aList[i] + " "
next
42.34 palindrome() function
Check if a sequence of characters is a palindrome or not.
Syntax:
Palindrome(String) ---> True/False
Example:
Load "stdlib.ring"
Puts("Test Palindrome()")
cString = "radar"
see Palindrome(cString)
42.35 isleapyear() function
Check whether a given year is a leap year in the Gregorian calendar.
Syntax:
Isleapyear(number) ---> True/False
Example:
Load "stdlib.ring"
Puts("Test Isleapyear()")
year = 2016
if Isleapyear(year) see "" + year + " is a leap year."
else see "" + year + " is not a leap year." ok
42.36 binarydigits() function
Compute the sequence of binary digits for a given non-negative integer.
Syntax:
binarydigits(number) ---> string
Example:
Load "stdlib.ring"
Puts("Test Binarydigits()")
b = 35
see "Binary digits of " + b + " = " + Binarydigits(b)
42.34. palindrome() function 307](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/331pdfsamfayedringdoc1-180227021813/85/The-Ring-programming-language-version-1-5-2-book-Part-34-of-181-3-320.jpg)
![Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.2
42.37 matrixmulti() function
Multiply two matrices together.
Syntax:
Matrixmulti(List,List) ---> List
Example:
Load "stdlib.ring"
# Multiply two matrices together.
Puts("Test Matrixmulti()")
A = [[1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]]
B = [[1,0,0], [0,1,0], [0,0,1]]
see Matrixmulti(A, B)
42.38 matrixtrans() function
Transpose an arbitrarily sized rectangular Matrix.
Syntax:
Matrixtrans(List) ---> List
Example:
Load "stdlib.ring"
# Transpose an arbitrarily sized rectangular Matrix.
Puts("Test Matrixtrans()")
matrix = [[78,19,30,12,36], [49,10,65,42,50], [30,93,24,78,10], [39,68,27,64,29]]
see Matrixtrans(matrix)
42.39 dayofweek() function
Return the day of the week of given date. (yyyy-mm-dd)
Syntax:
dayofweek(string) ---> string
Example:
Load "stdlib.ring"
# Return the day of the week of given date.
Puts("Test Dayofweek()")
date = "2016-04-24"
see "Data : " + date + " - Day : " + Dayofweek(date) + nl
42.37. matrixmulti() function 308](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/331pdfsamfayedringdoc1-180227021813/85/The-Ring-programming-language-version-1-5-2-book-Part-34-of-181-4-320.jpg)
![Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.2
42.40 permutation() function
Generates all permutations of n different numerals.
Syntax:
permutation(list)
Example:
Load "stdlib.ring"
# Generates all permutations of n different numerals
Puts("Test Permutation()")
list = [1, 2, 3, 4]
for perm = 1 to 24
for i = 1 to len(list)
see list[i] + " "
next
see nl
Permutation(list)
next
42.41 readline() function
Read line from file
Syntax:
readline(fp) ---> string
Example:
Load "stdlib.ring"
# Read a file line by line.
Puts("Test Readline()")
fp = fopen("test.ring","r")
while not feof(fp)
See Readline(fp) end
fclose(fp)
42.42 substring() function
Return a position of a substring starting from a given position in a string.
Syntax:
Substring(str,substr,npos) ---> string
Example:
Load "stdlib.ring"
# Return a position of a substring starting from a given position in a string.
42.40. permutation() function 309](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/331pdfsamfayedringdoc1-180227021813/85/The-Ring-programming-language-version-1-5-2-book-Part-34-of-181-5-320.jpg)
The Ring programming language version 1.5.2 book - Part 34 of 181
- 1. Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.2 Syntax: Endswith(string, substring) ---> True/False Example: Load "stdlib.ring" Puts("Test Endswith()") see endsWith("CalmoSoft", "Soft") + nl 42.28 gcd() function Finding of the greatest common divisor of two integers. Syntax: Gcd(number,number) ---> number Example: Load "stdlib.ring" Puts("Test Gcd()") see gcd (24, 32) + nl 42.29 lcm() function Compute the least common multiple of two integers. Syntax: lcm(number,number) ---> number Example: Load "stdlib.ring" Puts("Test Lcm()") see Lcm(24,36) + nl 42.30 sumlist() function Compute the sum of a list of integers. Syntax: sumlist(list) ---> number Example: Load "stdlib.ring" Puts("Test Sumlist()") 42.28. gcd() function 305
- 2. Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.2 aList = [1,2,3,4,5] see Sumlist(aList) + nl 42.31 prodlist() function Compute the product of a list of integers. Syntax: prodlist(list) ---> number Example: Load "stdlib.ring" Puts("Test Prodlist()") aList = [1,2,3,4,5] see Prodlist(aList) + nl 42.32 evenorodd() function Test whether an integer is even or odd. Result of test (1=odd 2=even). Syntax: evenorodd(number) ---> 1 (odd) or 2 (even) Example: Load "stdlib.ring" Puts("Test Evenorodd()") nr = 17 see Evenorodd(nr) + nl 42.33 factors() function Compute the factors of a positive integer. Syntax: factors(list) ---> list Example: Load "stdlib.ring" Puts("Test Factors()") n = 45 aList = factors(n) see "Factors of " + n + " = " for i = 1 to len(aList) 42.31. prodlist() function 306
- 3. Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.2 see "" + aList[i] + " " next 42.34 palindrome() function Check if a sequence of characters is a palindrome or not. Syntax: Palindrome(String) ---> True/False Example: Load "stdlib.ring" Puts("Test Palindrome()") cString = "radar" see Palindrome(cString) 42.35 isleapyear() function Check whether a given year is a leap year in the Gregorian calendar. Syntax: Isleapyear(number) ---> True/False Example: Load "stdlib.ring" Puts("Test Isleapyear()") year = 2016 if Isleapyear(year) see "" + year + " is a leap year." else see "" + year + " is not a leap year." ok 42.36 binarydigits() function Compute the sequence of binary digits for a given non-negative integer. Syntax: binarydigits(number) ---> string Example: Load "stdlib.ring" Puts("Test Binarydigits()") b = 35 see "Binary digits of " + b + " = " + Binarydigits(b) 42.34. palindrome() function 307
- 4. Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.2 42.37 matrixmulti() function Multiply two matrices together. Syntax: Matrixmulti(List,List) ---> List Example: Load "stdlib.ring" # Multiply two matrices together. Puts("Test Matrixmulti()") A = [[1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]] B = [[1,0,0], [0,1,0], [0,0,1]] see Matrixmulti(A, B) 42.38 matrixtrans() function Transpose an arbitrarily sized rectangular Matrix. Syntax: Matrixtrans(List) ---> List Example: Load "stdlib.ring" # Transpose an arbitrarily sized rectangular Matrix. Puts("Test Matrixtrans()") matrix = [[78,19,30,12,36], [49,10,65,42,50], [30,93,24,78,10], [39,68,27,64,29]] see Matrixtrans(matrix) 42.39 dayofweek() function Return the day of the week of given date. (yyyy-mm-dd) Syntax: dayofweek(string) ---> string Example: Load "stdlib.ring" # Return the day of the week of given date. Puts("Test Dayofweek()") date = "2016-04-24" see "Data : " + date + " - Day : " + Dayofweek(date) + nl 42.37. matrixmulti() function 308
- 5. Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.2 42.40 permutation() function Generates all permutations of n different numerals. Syntax: permutation(list) Example: Load "stdlib.ring" # Generates all permutations of n different numerals Puts("Test Permutation()") list = [1, 2, 3, 4] for perm = 1 to 24 for i = 1 to len(list) see list[i] + " " next see nl Permutation(list) next 42.41 readline() function Read line from file Syntax: readline(fp) ---> string Example: Load "stdlib.ring" # Read a file line by line. Puts("Test Readline()") fp = fopen("test.ring","r") while not feof(fp) See Readline(fp) end fclose(fp) 42.42 substring() function Return a position of a substring starting from a given position in a string. Syntax: Substring(str,substr,npos) ---> string Example: Load "stdlib.ring" # Return a position of a substring starting from a given position in a string. 42.40. permutation() function 309
- 6. Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.2 Puts("Test Substring()") a = "abcxyzqweabc" b = "abc" i = 4 see substring(a,b,i) 42.43 changestring() function Change substring from given position to a given position with another substring. Syntax: Changestring(cString, nPos1, nPos2, cSubstr) ---> cString Example: Load "stdlib.ring" # Change substring from given position for given position with a substring. Puts("Test Changestring()") see Changestring("Rmasdg",2,5,"in") # Ring 42.44 sleep() function Sleep for the given amount of time. Syntax: sleep(nSeconds) Example: Load "stdlib.ring" Puts("Test Sleep()") see "Wait 3 Seconds!" Sleep(3) see nl 42.45 ismainsourcefile() function Check if the current file is the main source file Syntax: IsMainSourceFile() ---> True/False Example: Load "stdlib.ring" if ismainsourcefile() # code ok 42.43. changestring() function 310
- 7. Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.2 42.46 direxists() function Check if directory exists Syntax: DirExists(String) ---> True/False Example: Load "stdlib.ring" see "Check dir : b:ring " puts( DirExists("b:ring") ) see "Check dir : C:ring " Puts( DirExists("C:ring") ) 42.47 makedir() function Make Directory Syntax: MakeDir(String) Example: Load "stdlib.ring" # Create Directory puts("create Directory : myfolder") makedir("myfolder") 42.48 fsize() function The function return the file size in bytes. Syntax: FSize(File Handle) ---> Number (File Size in Bytes) 42.49 trimall() function Remove all spaces and tabs characters from a string Syntax: TrimAll(cString) ---> cString # Without Spaces and Tabs 42.46. direxists() function 311
- 8. Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.2 42.50 trimleft() function Remove all spaces and tabs characters from the left side of a string Syntax: TrimLeft(cString) ---> cString # Without Spaces and Tabs from the left side 42.51 trimright() function Remove all spaces and tabs characters from the right side of a string Syntax: TrimRight(cString) ---> cString # Without Spaces and Tabs from the right side 42.52 epochtime() function Return the Epoch Time Syntax: EpochTime(cDate,cTime) ---> nEpochTime Example: see EpochTime( Date(), Time() ) 42.53 SystemCmd() Function We can execute system commands using the SystemCmd() function that outputs to a variable Syntax: SystemCmd(cCommand) Example: cYou = SystemCmd("whoami") # User Name logged in is output a variable cThem = SystemCmd("dir c:Users") # Directory List is output to a variable 42.54 ListAllFiles() Function Using this function we can quickly do a process on a group of files in a folder and it’s sub folders. Syntax: ListAllFiles(cFolder,cExtension) ---> List of Files Example: 42.50. trimleft() function 312
- 9. Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.2 aList = ListAllFiles("c:/ring/ringlibs","ring") # *.ring only aList = sort(aList) see aList Example: see listallfiles("b:/ring/ringlibs/weblib","") # All Files 42.54. ListAllFiles() Function 313
- 10. CHAPTER FORTYTHREE STDLIB CLASSES In this chapter we are going to learn about the classes in the stdlib.ring • StdBase Class • String Class • List Class • Stack Class • Queue Class • HashTable Class • Tree Class • Math Class • DateTime Class • File Class • System Class • Debug Class • DataType Class • Conversion Class • ODBC CLass • MySQL Class • SQLite Class • Security Class • Internet Class 43.1 StdBase Class Attributes: • vValue : Object Value Methods: 314