The Ring programming language version 1.4 book - Part 7 of 30
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Here are the key functions for connecting and interacting with an ODBC database in Ring: - odbc_init() - Creates an ODBC handle - odbc_drivers()/odbc_datasources() - Get available drivers/data sources - odbc_connect() - Connect to a data source using a connection string - odbc_execute() - Execute an SQL statement - odbc_colcount() - Get number of columns in result set - odbc_fetch() - Fetch rows from result set - odbc_getdata() - Get data from columns - odbc_close() - Close connection and release resources Some additional functions: - odbc_
![Ring Documentation, Release 1.4
29.12 Windowsnl() Function
We can get the windows new line string using the Windowsnl() function.
Syntax:
WindowsNL() ---> Returns a string contains CR+LF = CHAR(13) + CHAR(10)
Example:
cStr = read("input.txt")
if iswindows()
cStr = substr(cStr,windowsnl(),nl)
ok
aList = str2list(cStr)
# to do - list items processing using "for in"
cStr = list2str(aList)
if iswindows()
cStr = substr(cStr,nl,windowsnl())
ok
write("ouput.txt",cStr)
29.13 Get Command Line Arguments
We can get the command line arguments passed to the ring script using the sysargv variable.
The sysargv variable is a list contains the command line parameters.
Example
see copy("=",30) + nl
see "Command Line Parameters" + nl
see "Size : " + len(sysargv) + nl
see sysargv
see copy("=",30) + nl
if len(sysargv) < 4 return ok
nStart = sysargv[3]
nEnd = sysargv[4]
for x = nStart to nEnd
see x + nl
next
Output
b:mahmoudappsring>ring testssyspara.ring 1 10
==============================
Command Line Parameters
Size : 4
ring
testssyspara.ring
1
10
==============================
29.12. Windowsnl() Function 159](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/181fayedringdoc1-170827201003/85/The-Ring-programming-language-version-1-4-book-Part-7-of-30-2-320.jpg)
![Ring Documentation, Release 1.4
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5
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8
9
10
29.14 Get Active Source File Name
We can get the active source file name (*.ring) using the filename() function
Syntax:
filename() ---> String contains the active source file name.
Example:
see "Active Source File Name : " + filename() + nl
Output:
Active Source File Name : testsfilename.ring
Example:
if sysargv[2] = filename()
see "I'm the main program file!" + nl
# we can run tests here!
else
see "I'm a sub file in a program" + nl
ok
29.15 PrevFileName() Function
Using the PrevFileName() function we can get the previous active source file name.
The previous file would be the file of the caller function, Or the file of the function that we called before calling
PrevFileName().
Syntax:
prevfilename() ---> String contains the previous source file name.
Example:
The next function in stdlib.ring uses the PrevFileName() to know if the file of the caller function is the main source
file of the program or not.
Func IsMainSourceFile
if PrevFileName() = sysargv[2]
return true
ok
return false
29.14. Get Active Source File Name 160](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/181fayedringdoc1-170827201003/85/The-Ring-programming-language-version-1-4-book-Part-7-of-30-3-320.jpg)
![Ring Documentation, Release 1.4
31.2 Main Menu
Example:
# Demo Program
while true
see "
Main Menu
===========
[1] Say Hello
[2] Sum two numbers
[3] Stars
[4] Fact
[5] Exit
" give nMenu see nl
# we can use Switch-ON-Other-OFF instead of IF-BUT-ELSE-OK
Switch nMenu
On 1 sayhello()
On 2 Sum()
On 3 Stars()
On 4
see "Enter Number : " give x
see "Output : "
Try
see Fact(number(x))
Catch
see "Error in parameters!" + nl
Done
On "5" return
Other see "bad option" + nl
Off
end
func sayhello
see "Enter your name ? " give fname
see "Hello " + fname + nl
func sum
see "number 1 : " give num1 see "number 2 : " give num2
see "Sum : " see 0 + num1 + num2
func stars
for x = 1 to 10
see space(8)
for y = 1 to x see "*" next see nl
next
func fact x if x = 1 return 1 else return x * fact(x-1) ok
31.2. Main Menu 166](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/181fayedringdoc1-170827201003/85/The-Ring-programming-language-version-1-4-book-Part-7-of-30-9-320.jpg)
![Ring Documentation, Release 1.4
func space x y = "" for t=1 to x y += " " next return y
Output:
Main Menu
===========
[1] Say Hello
[2] Sum two numbers
[3] Stars
[4] Fact
[5] Exit
1
Enter your name ? Mahmoud Fayed
Hello Mahmoud Fayed
Main Menu
===========
[1] Say Hello
[2] Sum two numbers
[3] Stars
[4] Fact
[5] Exit
2
number 1 : 3
number 2 : 4
Sum : 7
Main Menu
===========
[1] Say Hello
[2] Sum two numbers
[3] Stars
[4] Fact
[5] Exit
3
*
**
***
****
*****
******
*******
********
*********
**********
Main Menu
===========
[1] Say Hello
[2] Sum two numbers
31.2. Main Menu 167](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/181fayedringdoc1-170827201003/85/The-Ring-programming-language-version-1-4-book-Part-7-of-30-10-320.jpg)
![Ring Documentation, Release 1.4
[3] Stars
[4] Fact
[5] Exit
4
Enter Number : 5
Output : 120
Main Menu
===========
[1] Say Hello
[2] Sum two numbers
[3] Stars
[4] Fact
[5] Exit
5
31.2. Main Menu 168](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/181fayedringdoc1-170827201003/85/The-Ring-programming-language-version-1-4-book-Part-7-of-30-11-320.jpg)
![Ring Documentation, Release 1.4
33.17 Restore Image From The Database
Example:
con = mysql_init()
See "Connect to database..." + nl
mysql_connect(con, "localhost", "root", "root","mahdb")
See "Read data from database..." + nl
mysql_query(con,"SELECT data FROM photo WHERE id=1")
See "Write new file" + nl
result = mysql_result(con)
write("testsmahmoud2.jpg",result[1][1])
See "Close database..." + nl
mysql_close(con)
Output:
Connect to database...
Read data from database...
Write new file
Close database...
33.18 MySQL_AutoCommit() Function
We can enable or disable the auto commit feature using the MySQL_AutoCommit() function.
Syntax:
MySQL_AutoCommit(MySQL Handle, lStatus) # lstatus can be True/False
33.19 MySQL_Commit() Function
We can commit updates to the database using the MySQL_Commit() function.
Syntax:
MySQL_Commit(MySQL Handle)
33.20 MySQL_Rollback() Function
We can rollback updates to the database using the MySQL_Rollback() function.
Syntax:
MySQL_Rollback(MySQL Handle)
33.21 Transaction Example
The next example presents the usage of MySQL_Autocommit(), MySQL_Commit() & MySQL_RollBack() functions.
Example:
33.17. Restore Image From The Database 185](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/181fayedringdoc1-170827201003/85/The-Ring-programming-language-version-1-4-book-Part-7-of-30-28-320.jpg)
The Ring programming language version 1.4 book - Part 7 of 30
- 1. Ring Documentation, Release 1.4 IsMacOSX() ---> Returns 1 if the operating system is Mac OS X, Returns 0 if it's not 29.8 IsLinux() Function We can check if the operating system is Linux or not using the IsLinux() function Syntax: IsLinux() ---> Returns 1 if the operating system is Linux, Returns 0 if it's not 29.9 IsFreeBSD() Function We can check if the operating system is FreeBSD or not using the IsFreeBSD() function Syntax: IsFreeBSD() ---> Returns 1 if the operating system is FreeBSD, Returns 0 if it's not 29.10 IsAndroid() Function We can check if the operating system is Android or not using the IsAndroid() function Syntax: IsAndroid() ---> Returns 1 if the operating system is Android, Returns 0 if it's not 29.11 Example see "IsMSDOS() --> " + ismsdos() + nl see "IsWindows() --> " + iswindows() + nl see "IsWindows64() --> " + iswindows64() + nl see "IsUnix() --> " + isunix() + nl see "IsMacOSX() --> " + ismacosx() + nl see "IsLinux() --> " + islinux() + nl see "IsFreeBSD() --> " + isfreebsd() + nl see "IsAndroid() --> " + isandroid() + nl Output: IsMSDOS() --> 0 IsWindows() --> 1 IsWindows64() --> 0 IsUnix() --> 0 IsMacOSX() --> 0 IsLinux() --> 0 IsFreeBSD() --> 0 IsAndroid() --> 0 29.8. IsLinux() Function 158
- 2. Ring Documentation, Release 1.4 29.12 Windowsnl() Function We can get the windows new line string using the Windowsnl() function. Syntax: WindowsNL() ---> Returns a string contains CR+LF = CHAR(13) + CHAR(10) Example: cStr = read("input.txt") if iswindows() cStr = substr(cStr,windowsnl(),nl) ok aList = str2list(cStr) # to do - list items processing using "for in" cStr = list2str(aList) if iswindows() cStr = substr(cStr,nl,windowsnl()) ok write("ouput.txt",cStr) 29.13 Get Command Line Arguments We can get the command line arguments passed to the ring script using the sysargv variable. The sysargv variable is a list contains the command line parameters. Example see copy("=",30) + nl see "Command Line Parameters" + nl see "Size : " + len(sysargv) + nl see sysargv see copy("=",30) + nl if len(sysargv) < 4 return ok nStart = sysargv[3] nEnd = sysargv[4] for x = nStart to nEnd see x + nl next Output b:mahmoudappsring>ring testssyspara.ring 1 10 ============================== Command Line Parameters Size : 4 ring testssyspara.ring 1 10 ============================== 29.12. Windowsnl() Function 159
- 3. Ring Documentation, Release 1.4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 29.14 Get Active Source File Name We can get the active source file name (*.ring) using the filename() function Syntax: filename() ---> String contains the active source file name. Example: see "Active Source File Name : " + filename() + nl Output: Active Source File Name : testsfilename.ring Example: if sysargv[2] = filename() see "I'm the main program file!" + nl # we can run tests here! else see "I'm a sub file in a program" + nl ok 29.15 PrevFileName() Function Using the PrevFileName() function we can get the previous active source file name. The previous file would be the file of the caller function, Or the file of the function that we called before calling PrevFileName(). Syntax: prevfilename() ---> String contains the previous source file name. Example: The next function in stdlib.ring uses the PrevFileName() to know if the file of the caller function is the main source file of the program or not. Func IsMainSourceFile if PrevFileName() = sysargv[2] return true ok return false 29.14. Get Active Source File Name 160
- 4. Ring Documentation, Release 1.4 29.16 CurrentDir() Function Return the path of the current directory Syntax: CurrenDir() ---> String contains the path of the currect directory 29.17 ExeFileName() Function Return the Ring executable file name Syntax: exefilename() ---> String contains the Ring executable file name 29.18 ChDir() Function Change the current directory Syntax: ChDir(cNewPath) 29.19 ExeFolder() Function Return the Ring executable file path Syntax: exefolder() ---> String contains the Ring executable path 29.20 Version() Function Return the Ring version Syntax: version() ---> String contains the Ring version Output: 1.4 29.16. CurrentDir() Function 161
- 5. CHAPTER THIRTY EVAL() AND DEBUGGING In this chapter we are going to learn about • Error Handling using Try/Catch/Done • Eval() function • Raise() function • Assert() function 30.1 Try/Catch/Done Syntax: Try Statements... Catch Statements... Done The statements in the Try block will be executed, if any error happens then the statements in the catch block will be executed. Inside the catch block we can use the variable cCatchError to get the error message Example: Try see 5/0 Catch see "Catch!" + nl + cCatchError Done Output: Catch! Error (R1) : Cann't divide by zero ! 30.2 Eval() Function We can execute code during the runtime from string using the Eval() function Syntax: 162
- 6. Ring Documentation, Release 1.4 Eval(cCode) Example: Eval("nOutput = 5+2*5 " ) See "5+2*5 = " + nOutput + nl Eval("for x = 1 to 10 see x + nl next") Eval("func test see 'message from test!' ") test() Output: 5+2*5 = 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 message from test! 30.3 Raise() Function We can raise an exception using the Raise() function Syntax: Raise(cErrorMessage) The function will display the error message then end the execution of the program. We can use Try/Catch/Done to avoid exceptions generated by raise() function. Example: nMode = 10 if nMode < 0 or nMode > 5 raise("Error : nMode not in the range 1:4") ok Output: Line 4 Error : nMode not in the range 1:4 In raise in file testsraise.ring Example: try testmode(6) catch see "avoid raise!" done testmode(-1) 30.3. Raise() Function 163
- 7. Ring Documentation, Release 1.4 func testmode nMode if nMode < 0 or nMode > 5 raise("Error : nMode not in the range 1:4") ok Output: avoid raise! Line 12 Error : nMode not in the range 1:4 In raise In function testmode() in file testsraise2.ring called from line 7 in file testsraise2.ring 30.4 Assert() Function We can use the Assert() function to test conditions before executing the code If the test fail the program will be terminated with an error message contains the assert condition. Syntax: Assert( condition ) Example: x = 10 assert( x = 10) assert( x = 100 ) Output: Line 3 Assertion Failed! In assert in file testsassert.ring 30.4. Assert() Function 164
- 8. CHAPTER THIRTYONE DEMO PROGRAMS In this chapter we will see simple demo programs • Language Shell • Main Menu 31.1 Language Shell We can create simple interactive programming environment using the next program while true see nl + "code:> " give cCode try eval(cCode) catch see cCatchError done end Output: code:> see "hello world" hello world code:> for x = 1 to 10 see x + nl next 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 code:> func test see "Hello from test" + nl code:> test() Hello from test code:> bye 165
- 9. Ring Documentation, Release 1.4 31.2 Main Menu Example: # Demo Program while true see " Main Menu =========== [1] Say Hello [2] Sum two numbers [3] Stars [4] Fact [5] Exit " give nMenu see nl # we can use Switch-ON-Other-OFF instead of IF-BUT-ELSE-OK Switch nMenu On 1 sayhello() On 2 Sum() On 3 Stars() On 4 see "Enter Number : " give x see "Output : " Try see Fact(number(x)) Catch see "Error in parameters!" + nl Done On "5" return Other see "bad option" + nl Off end func sayhello see "Enter your name ? " give fname see "Hello " + fname + nl func sum see "number 1 : " give num1 see "number 2 : " give num2 see "Sum : " see 0 + num1 + num2 func stars for x = 1 to 10 see space(8) for y = 1 to x see "*" next see nl next func fact x if x = 1 return 1 else return x * fact(x-1) ok 31.2. Main Menu 166
- 10. Ring Documentation, Release 1.4 func space x y = "" for t=1 to x y += " " next return y Output: Main Menu =========== [1] Say Hello [2] Sum two numbers [3] Stars [4] Fact [5] Exit 1 Enter your name ? Mahmoud Fayed Hello Mahmoud Fayed Main Menu =========== [1] Say Hello [2] Sum two numbers [3] Stars [4] Fact [5] Exit 2 number 1 : 3 number 2 : 4 Sum : 7 Main Menu =========== [1] Say Hello [2] Sum two numbers [3] Stars [4] Fact [5] Exit 3 * ** *** **** ***** ****** ******* ******** ********* ********** Main Menu =========== [1] Say Hello [2] Sum two numbers 31.2. Main Menu 167
- 11. Ring Documentation, Release 1.4 [3] Stars [4] Fact [5] Exit 4 Enter Number : 5 Output : 120 Main Menu =========== [1] Say Hello [2] Sum two numbers [3] Stars [4] Fact [5] Exit 5 31.2. Main Menu 168
- 12. CHAPTER THIRTYTWO ODBC FUNCTIONS This chapter contains the ODBC functions provided by the Ring programming language. • odbc_init() • odbc_drivers() • odbc_datasources() • odbc_close() • odbc_connect() • odbc_disconnect() • odbc_execute() • odbc_colcount() • odbc_fetch() • odbc_getdata() • odbc_tables() • odbc_columns() • odbc_autocommit() • odbc_commit() • odbc_rollback() Before using the next function load the odbclib.ring library load "odbclib.ring" # Use ODBC functions 32.1 odbc_init() Function We can create ODBC Handle using the odbc_init() function Syntax: odbc_init() ---> ODBC Handle 169
- 13. Ring Documentation, Release 1.4 32.2 odbc_drivers() Function We can get a list of ODBC drivers using the odbc_drivers() function Syntax: odbc_drivers(ODBC Handle) ---> List of Drivers 32.3 odbc_datasources() Function We can get a list of ODBC data sources using the odbc_datasources() function Syntax: odbc_datasources(ODBC Handle) ---> List of Data sources 32.4 odbc_close() Function After the end of using ODBC functions we can free resources using ODBC_Close() function Syntax: odbc_close(ODBC Handle) 32.5 Print List of ODBC Drivers The next example print a list of ODBC drivers. See "ODBC test 1" + nl oODBC = odbc_init() See "Drivers " + nl see odbc_drivers(oODBC) odbc_close(oODBC) Output: ODBC test 1 Drivers Microsoft Access-Treiber (*.mdb) - SQLLevel=0 Driver do Microsoft Paradox (*.db ) - SQLLevel=0 Driver do Microsoft Excel(*.xls) - SQLLevel=0 Microsoft Text Driver (*.txt; *.csv) - SQLLevel=0 Driver da Microsoft para arquivos texto (*.txt; *.csv) - SQLLevel=0 Microsoft dBase-Treiber (*.dbf) - SQLLevel=0 SQL Server - CPTimeout=60 Microsoft Excel Driver (*.xls) - SQLLevel=0 Driver do Microsoft dBase (*.dbf) - SQLLevel=0 Microsoft Paradox-Treiber (*.db ) - SQLLevel=0 Microsoft ODBC for Oracle - CPTimeout=120 Microsoft Text-Treiber (*.txt; *.csv) - SQLLevel=0 Microsoft Excel-Treiber (*.xls) - SQLLevel=0 Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb) - SQLLevel=0 Driver do Microsoft Access (*.mdb) - SQLLevel=0 32.2. odbc_drivers() Function 170
- 14. Ring Documentation, Release 1.4 Microsoft Paradox Driver (*.db ) - SQLLevel=0 Microsoft dBase Driver (*.dbf) - SQLLevel=0 Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb, *.accdb) - UsageCount=3 Microsoft Excel Driver (*.xls, *.xlsx, *.xlsm, *.xlsb) - UsageCount=3 Microsoft Access Text Driver (*.txt, *.csv) - UsageCount=3 SQL Server Native Client 10.0 - UsageCount=1 SQL Server Native Client 11.0 - UsageCount=1 Microsoft Access dBASE Driver (*.dbf, *.ndx, *.mdx) - UsageCount=3 Microsoft Access Paradox Driver (*.db) - UsageCount=3 MySQL ODBC 5.3 ANSI Driver - UsageCount=1 MySQL ODBC 5.3 Unicode Driver - UsageCount=1 ODBC Driver 11 for SQL Server - UsageCount=1 Lianja ODBC Driver - CPTimeout=60 Microsoft Visual FoxPro Driver - UsageCount=1 Microsoft Visual FoxPro-Treiber - UsageCount=1 Driver para o Microsoft Visual FoxPro - UsageCount=1 Microsoft FoxPro VFP Driver (*.dbf) - UsageCount=1 32.6 Print List of ODBC Data Sources The next example print a list of ODBC data sources. See "ODBC test 2" + nl pODBC = odbc_init() See "Data Sources " + nl see odbc_datasources(pODBC) odbc_close(pODBC) Output: ODBC test 2 Data Sources Excel Files - Microsoft Excel Driver (*.xls, *.xlsx, *.xlsm, *.xlsb) MS Access Database - Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb, *.accdb) Customer - Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb) IdCardData - Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb) MyProjectData2 - Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb) MyData - Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb) MonprojetData - Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb) dBASE Files - Microsoft Access dBASE Driver (*.dbf, *.ndx, *.mdx) myvfpdata - Microsoft Visual FoxPro Driver FACTORYDATA - Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb) TRAININGSYSDATA - Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb) RVCSYSDATASQLDB - SQL Server Native Client 11.0 PWCTRVCDATA - Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb) MyCompany - Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb) HCS - Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb) HCS2 - Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb, *.accdb) MyProjectData - Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb) Xtreme Sample Database 2008 - Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb) Lianja_Southwind - Lianja ODBC Driver Visual FoxPro Database - Microsoft Visual FoxPro Driver Visual FoxPro Tables - Microsoft Visual FoxPro Driver 32.6. Print List of ODBC Data Sources 171
- 15. Ring Documentation, Release 1.4 32.7 odbc_connect() Function We can connect to the database using the odbc_connect() function. Syntax: odbc_connect(ODBC Handle, cConnectionString) 32.8 odbc_disconnect() Function We can close the connection to the database using the odbc_disconnect() function. Syntax: odbc_disconnect(ODBC Handle) 32.9 Open and Close Connection The next example connect to the database then close the connection See "ODBC test 3" + nl pODBC = odbc_init() See "Connect to database" + nl see odbc_connect(pODBC,"DBQ=test.mdb;Driver={Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb)}") + nl See "disconnect" + nl odbc_disconnect(pODBC) See "Close database..." + nl odbc_close(pODBC) Output: ODBC test 3 Connect to database 1 disconnect Close database... 32.10 odbc_execute() Function We can execute SQL Statements on the database using the odbc_execute() function. Syntax: odbc_execute(ODBC Handle, cSQLStatement) 32.11 odbc_colcount() Function We can get columns count in the query result using the odbc_colcount() function. Syntax: 32.7. odbc_connect() Function 172
- 16. Ring Documentation, Release 1.4 odbc_colcount(ODBC Handle) ---> Columns Count as Number 32.12 odbc_fetch() Function We can fetch a row from the query result using the odbc_fetch() function. Syntax: odbc_fetch(ODBC Handle) 32.13 odbc_getdata() Function We can get column value from the fetched row using the odbc_getdata() function. Syntax: odbc_getdata(ODBC Handle, nColumnNumber) ---> Column Value 32.14 Execute Query and Print Result The next example execute query then print the query result. See "ODBC test 4" + nl pODBC = odbc_init() See "Connect to database" + nl see odbc_connect(pODBC,"DBQ=test.mdb;Driver={Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb)}") + nl See "Select data" + nl see odbc_execute(pODBC,"select * from person") + nl nMax = odbc_colcount(pODBC) See "Columns Count : " + nMax + nl while odbc_fetch(pODBC) See "Row data:" + nl for x = 1 to nMax see odbc_getdata(pODBC,x) + " - " next end See "Close database..." + nl odbc_disconnect(pODBC) odbc_close(pODBC) 32.15 odbc_tables() Function We can get a list of tables inside the database using the odbc_tables() function. We can access the result of this function as we get any query result. Syntax: odbc_tables(ODBC Handle) Example: 32.12. odbc_fetch() Function 173
- 17. Ring Documentation, Release 1.4 See "ODBC test - Get Database Tables" + nl pODBC = odbc_init() See "Connect to database" + nl odbc_connect(pODBC,"DBQ=test.mdb;Driver={Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb)}") + nl See "Select data" + nl odbc_tables(pODBC) + nl nMax = odbc_colcount(pODBC) See "Columns Count : " + nMax + nl while odbc_fetch(pODBC) for x = 1 to nMax see odbc_getdata(pODBC,x) if x != nMax see " - " ok next See nl end See "Close database..." odbc_disconnect(pODBC) odbc_close(pODBC) Output: ODBC test - Get Database Tables Connect to database Select data Columns Count : 5 .test - NULL - Customer - TABLE - NULL .test - NULL - employee - TABLE - NULL .test - NULL - person - TABLE - NULL .test - NULL - tel - TABLE - NULL Close database... 32.16 odbc_columns() Function We can get a list of columns inside the table using the odbc_columns() function. Syntax: odbc_columns(ODBC Handle, cTableName) Example: See "ODBC test - Get Table Columns" + nl pODBC = odbc_init() See "Connect to database" + nl odbc_connect(pODBC,"DBQ=test.mdb;Driver={Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb)}") + nl See "Get Columns inside the Person Table" + nl odbc_columns(pODBC,"person") + nl while odbc_fetch(pODBC) see odbc_getdata(pODBC,4) + nl end See "Close database..." + nl odbc_disconnect(pODBC) odbc_close(pODBC) Output: 32.16. odbc_columns() Function 174
- 18. Ring Documentation, Release 1.4 ODBC test - Get Table Columns Connect to database Get Columns inside the Person Table FIRST LAST STREET CITY STATE ZIP HIREDATE MARRIED AGE SALARY NOTES Close database... 32.17 odbc_autocommit() Function We can enable or disable the auto commit feature using the odbc_autocommit() function. Syntax: odbc_autocommit(ODBC Handle, lStatus) # lStatus can be True or False 32.18 odbc_commit() Function We can commit updates to the database using the odbc_commit() function. Syntax: odbc_commit(ODBC Handle) 32.19 odbc_rollback() Function We can rollback updates to the database using the odbc_rollback() function. Syntax: odbc_rollback(ODBC Handle) 32.20 Transactions and Using Commit and Rollback Example: See "ODBC Test - Transactions and using Commit and Rollback" + nl pODBC = odbc_init() See "Connect to database" + nl see odbc_connect(pODBC,"DBQ=test.mdb;Driver={Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb)}") + nl see "insert data..." + nl odbc_autocommit(pODBC,0) 32.17. odbc_autocommit() Function 175
- 19. Ring Documentation, Release 1.4 for x = 1 to 10000 odbc_execute(pODBC,"insert into tel values (" + x + ",'mahmoud')") next for x = 10001 to 15000 odbc_execute(pODBC,"insert into tel values (" + x + ",'samir')") next odbc_commit(pODBC) for x = 15001 to 20000 odbc_execute(pODBC,"insert into tel values (" + x + ",'fayed')") next ODBC_ROLLBACK(pODBC) odbc_execute(pODBC,"insert into tel values (" + x + ",'fayed')") odbc_commit(pODBC) See "Close database..." + nl odbc_disconnect(pODBC) odbc_close(pODBC) Output: ODBC Test - Transactions and using Commit and Rollback Connect to database 1 insert data... Close database... 32.21 Save and Restore images The next example save an image inside the database See "ODBC test - Save image in the database" + nl pODBC = odbc_init() See "Connect to database" + nl see odbc_connect(pODBC,"DBQ=test.mdb;Driver={Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb)}") + nl see "Read Image File..." + nl cFile = str2hex(read("testsmahmoud.jpg")) see "size " + len(CFile)+nl see "Save image in the database..." + nl stmt = "insert into tel values (20000,'mahmoud','" + cFile + "');" odbc_execute(pODBC,stmt) See "Close database..." + nl odbc_disconnect(pODBC) odbc_close(pODBC) The next example restore the image from the database See "ODBC Test - Restore image from the database" + nl pODBC = odbc_init() See "Connect to database" + nl see odbc_connect(pODBC,"DBQ=test.mdb;Driver={Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb)}") + nl See "Select data" + nl see odbc_execute(pODBC,"select * from tel") + nl nMax = odbc_colcount(pODBC) See "Columns Count : " + nMax + nl while odbc_fetch(pODBC) 32.21. Save and Restore images 176
- 20. Ring Documentation, Release 1.4 See "Write image file" + nl write("testsgreat.jpg",hex2str( odbc_getdata(pODBC,3) ) ) end See "Close database..." + nl odbc_disconnect(pODBC) odbc_close(pODBC) 32.21. Save and Restore images 177
- 21. CHAPTER THIRTYTHREE MYSQL FUNCTIONS In this chapter we are going to learn about the MySQL functions provided by the Ring programming language. • MySQL_Info() • MySQL_Init() • MySQL_Error() • MySQL_Connect() • MySQL_Close() • MySQL_Query() • MySQL_Insert_ID() • MySQL_Result() • MySQL_Next_Result() • MySQL_Columns() • MySQL_Result2() • MySQL_Escape_String() • MySQL_AutoCommit() • MySQL_Commit() • MySQL_Rollback() Before using the next function load the mysqllib.ring library load "mysqllib.ring" # Use MySQL functions 33.1 MySQL_Info() Function We can get the MySQL Client version using the MySQL_Info() function. Syntax: MySQL_Info() ---> string contains the MySQL Client version Example: see "MySQL Client Version : " + mysql_info() 178
- 22. Ring Documentation, Release 1.4 Output: MySQL Client Version : 6.1.5 33.2 MySQL_Init() Function We can start using MySQL Client through the MySQL_Init() function. Syntax: MySQL_Init() ---> MySQL Handle 33.3 MySQL_Error() Function We can get the error message from the MySQL Client using the MySQL_Error() function. Syntax: MySQL_Error(MySQL Handle) ---> Error message as string 33.4 MySQL_Connect() Function We can connect to the MySQL database server using the MySQL_Connect() function. Syntax: MySQL_Connect(MySQL Handle, cServer, cUserName, cPassword) ---> lStatus 33.5 MySQL_Close() Function We can close the connection to the MySQL database using the MySQL_Close() function Syntax: MySQL_Close(MySQL Handle) 33.6 MySQL_Query() Function We can execute SQL queries using the MySQL_Query() function Syntax: MySQL_Query(MySQL Handle, cSQLQuery) 33.2. MySQL_Init() Function 179
- 23. Ring Documentation, Release 1.4 33.7 Create Database The next example connect to MySQL Server then create new database. See "MySQL Test - Create Database" + nl con = mysql_init() See "Connect" + nl if mysql_connect(con,"localhost","root","root") = 0 see "Cann't connect" + nl see "Error : " + mysql_error(con) + nl mysql_close(con) bye ok See "Create Database..." + nl mysql_query(con,"CREATE DATABASE mahdb") See "Close Connection" + nl mysql_close(con) Output: MySQL Test - Create Database Connect Create Database... Close Connection 33.8 Create Table and Insert Data The next example create new table and insert records func main see "Create Table and Insert Records" + nl con = mysql_init() see "Connect" + nl if mysql_connect(con, "localhost", "root", "root","mahdb") = 0 system_error(con) ok see "Drop table" + nl if mysql_query(con, "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Employee") system_error(con) ok see "Create table" + nl if mysql_query(con, "CREATE TABLE Employee(Id INT, Name TEXT, Salary INT)") system_error(con) ok see "Insert data" + nl if mysql_query(con, "INSERT INTO Employee VALUES(1,'Mahmoud',15000)") system_error(con) ok if mysql_query(con, "INSERT INTO Employee VALUES(2,'Samir',16000)") system_error(con) ok if mysql_query(con, "INSERT INTO Employee VALUES(3,'Fayed',17000)") 33.7. Create Database 180
- 24. Ring Documentation, Release 1.4 system_error(con) ok see "Close connection" + nl mysql_close(con) func system_error con see mysql_error(con) mysql_close(con) bye Output: Create Table and Insert Records Connect Drop table Create table Insert data Close connection 33.9 MySQL_Insert_ID() Function We can get the inserted row id using the MySQL_Insert_ID() function Syntax: MySQL_Insert_ID() ---> Inserted row id as number Example: con = mysql_init() see "connect to database" + nl mysql_connect(con,"localhost","root","root","mahdb") see "drop table" + nl mysql_query(con, "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Customers") see "create table" + nl mysql_query(con, "CREATE TABLE Customers(Id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, Name TEXT)") see "insert record" + nl mysql_query(con, "INSERT INTO Customers(Name) VALUES('Mahmoud')") see "insert record" + nl mysql_query(con, "INSERT INTO Customers(Name) VALUES('Samir')") see "insert record" + nl mysql_query(con, "INSERT INTO Customers(Name) VALUES('Fayed')") see "insert record" + nl mysql_query(con, "INSERT INTO Customers(Name) VALUES('Test 2015')") see "inserted row id : " + mysql_insert_id(con) + nl see "close database" + nl mysql_close(con) Output: connect to database drop table create table insert record insert record insert record insert record inserted row id : 4 close database 33.9. MySQL_Insert_ID() Function 181
- 25. Ring Documentation, Release 1.4 33.10 MySQL_Result() Function We can get the query result (data without column names) using the MySQL_Result() function. Syntax: MySQL_Result(MySQL Handle) ---> List contains the query result 33.11 MySQL_Next_Result() Function We can move to the next query result using the MySQL_Next_Result() function. We use this function when we have multiple SQL statements in the same query. Syntax: MySQL_Next_Result(MySQL Handle) 33.12 Print Query Result The next example execute a query on the database then print the result. con = mysql_init() see "Connect to database" + nl mysql_connect(con, "localhost", "root", "root","mahdb") see "Execute Query" + nl mysql_query(con, "SELECT Name FROM Employee WHERE Id=1;"+ "SELECT Name FROM Employee WHERE Id=3") see "Print Result" + nl see mysql_result(con) mysql_next_result(con) see mysql_result(con) see "close database" + nl mysql_close(con) Output: Connect to database Execute Query Print Result Mahmoud Fayed close database 33.13 MySQL_Columns() Function We can get a list of columns names using the MySQL_Columns() function. Syntax: 33.10. MySQL_Result() Function 182
- 26. Ring Documentation, Release 1.4 MySQL_Columns(MySQL Handle) ---> List contains columns information Example: con = mysql_init() see "Connect to database" + nl mysql_connect(con, "localhost", "root", "root","mahdb") see "Execute Query" + nl mysql_query(con, "SELECT * FROM Employee") see "Result" + nl see mysql_columns(con) see "Close database" + nl mysql_close(con) Output: Connect to database Execute Query Result Id 11 3 32768 Name 65535 252 16 Salary 11 3 32768 Close database 33.14 MySQL_Result2() Function Instead of using MySQL_Result() to get the result data without columns names, we can use the MySQL_Result2() to get all of the column names then the query result in one list. Syntax: MySQL_Result2(MySQL Handle) ---> List (query result starts with columns names) Example: con = mysql_init() see "Connect to database" + nl mysql_connect(con, "localhost", "root", "root","mahdb") see "Execute Query" + nl mysql_query(con, "SELECT * FROM Employee") see "Print Result" + nl see mysql_result2(con) see "Close database" + nl mysql_close(con) Output: 33.14. MySQL_Result2() Function 183
- 27. Ring Documentation, Release 1.4 Connect to database Execute Query Print Result Id Name Salary 1 Mahmoud 15000 2 Samir 16000 3 Fayed 17000 Close database 33.15 MySQL_Escape_String() Function We can store binary data and special characters in the database after processing using MySQL_Escape_String() func- tion Syntax: MySQL_Escape_String(MySQL Handle, cString) ---> String after processing 33.16 Save Image inside the database Example: See "Read file" + nl cFile = read("testsmahmoud.jpg") con = mysql_init() See "Connect to database..." + nl mysql_connect(con, "localhost", "root", "root","mahdb") See "Escape string..." + nl cFile = mysql_escape_string(con,cFile) stmt = "INSERT INTO photo(id, data) VALUES(1, '" + cFile + "')" See "Insert data..." + nl mysql_query(con,stmt) See "Close database..." + nl mysql_close(con) Output: Read file Connect to database... Escape string... Insert data... Close database... 33.15. MySQL_Escape_String() Function 184
- 28. Ring Documentation, Release 1.4 33.17 Restore Image From The Database Example: con = mysql_init() See "Connect to database..." + nl mysql_connect(con, "localhost", "root", "root","mahdb") See "Read data from database..." + nl mysql_query(con,"SELECT data FROM photo WHERE id=1") See "Write new file" + nl result = mysql_result(con) write("testsmahmoud2.jpg",result[1][1]) See "Close database..." + nl mysql_close(con) Output: Connect to database... Read data from database... Write new file Close database... 33.18 MySQL_AutoCommit() Function We can enable or disable the auto commit feature using the MySQL_AutoCommit() function. Syntax: MySQL_AutoCommit(MySQL Handle, lStatus) # lstatus can be True/False 33.19 MySQL_Commit() Function We can commit updates to the database using the MySQL_Commit() function. Syntax: MySQL_Commit(MySQL Handle) 33.20 MySQL_Rollback() Function We can rollback updates to the database using the MySQL_Rollback() function. Syntax: MySQL_Rollback(MySQL Handle) 33.21 Transaction Example The next example presents the usage of MySQL_Autocommit(), MySQL_Commit() & MySQL_RollBack() functions. Example: 33.17. Restore Image From The Database 185
- 29. Ring Documentation, Release 1.4 func main con = mysql_init() see "Connect" + nl if mysql_connect(con, "localhost", "root", "root","mahdb") = 0 system_error(con) ok see "Drop table" + nl if mysql_query(con, "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Employee2") system_error(con) ok see "Create table" + nl if mysql_query(con, "CREATE TABLE Employee2(Id INT, Name TEXT, Salary INT)") system_error(con) ok see "Insert data" + nl if mysql_query(con, "INSERT INTO Employee2 VALUES(1,'Mahmoud',15000)") system_error(con) ok if mysql_query(con, "INSERT INTO Employee2 VALUES(2,'Samir',16000)") system_error(con) ok if mysql_query(con, "INSERT INTO Employee2 VALUES(3,'Fayed',17000)") system_error(con) ok mysql_autocommit(con,False) mysql_query(con, "INSERT INTO Employee2 VALUES(4,'Ahmed',5000)") mysql_query(con, "INSERT INTO Employee2 VALUES(5,'Ibrahim',50000)") mysql_query(con, "INSERT INTO Employee2 VALUES(6,'Mohammed',50000)") See "Save transaction (y/n) " give nChoice if upper(nChoice) = "Y" mysql_commit(con) else mysql_rollback(con) ok see "Close connection" + nl mysql_close(con) func system_error con see mysql_error(con) mysql_close(con) bye Output: Connect Drop table Create table Insert data Save transaction (y/n) y Close connection 33.21. Transaction Example 186
- 30. CHAPTER THIRTYFOUR SQLITE FUNCTIONS In this chapter we will learn about using the SQLite database in the Ring programming language. Before using the next function load the sqlitelib.ring library load "sqlitelib.ring" # Use SQLite functions 34.1 sqlite_init() function Syntax: sqlite_init() ---> SQLite Object 34.2 sqlite_open() function Syntax: sqlite_open(SQLite Object,cFileName) 34.3 sqlite_execute() function Syntax: sqlite_exexute(SQLite Object,cSQLStatement) 34.4 sqlite_close() function Syntax: sqlite_close(SQLite Object) 187