The 'Whys' of Open Access: Efficiency and Impact
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Open access provides significant efficiencies for researchers by making literature more easily accessible and retrievable. It reduces costs associated with subscriptions, interlibrary loans, and permissions. Researchers benefit from open access by being able to more easily read, write, and conduct peer review work without barriers. Studies have found open access increases a work's visibility, usage, and citations. It can lead to greater academic impact and societal benefits like enabling innovation. Small companies and developing countries in particular struggle without open access due to limited budgets. Overall, open access streamlines the research process and amplifies the impact of scholarly communications.
![“We submitted a patent application .... the patent authorities that stated that [some of this] was known and published [in] a scientific paper. This came approximately at the same time as we were about to close a financing round. As a consequence our closing was delayed .... In this period we were really broke and we could not afford to do any experiments. New experiments were essential .... otherwise we would have to withdraw four other patent applications we had filed. The lesson is that if we had had access to the scientific paper then we would have been in a much better position.”CEO, small pharmaceutical company, Denmark](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/almaswanpresentation-101020104853-phpapp01/85/The-Whys-of-Open-Access-Efficiency-and-Impact-26-320.jpg)
The 'Whys' of Open Access: Efficiency and Impact
- 1. The ‘whys’ of Open Access: efficiency and impactAlma SwanEnabling Open ScholarshipAndKey Perspectives LtdJISC Conference: The Future of Research? London, UK, 18-19 October 2010
- 2. Efficiencies
- 3. Efficiencies from Open AccessObvious direct cost savings (subscriptions, ILL, PPV)Open Access makes it easier to find and retrieve the material a researcher needs to:READWRITE papersCarry out PEER REVIEW work Open Access obviates the need to spend time seeking permissions or dealing with copyright and licensing issuesNo duplication, blind alleys, etc …
- 4. Three new scholarly communication scenariosSelf-archiving in repositories (‘Green’ Open Access)In parallel with subscription journalsInstead of subscription journals, via repositories with overlay services Open Access journals (‘Gold’ Open Access publishing)
- 5. University UK: Annual savings from OAGBP per annum
- 6. Savings from OA via repositoriesGBP per annum
- 7. Savings from OA via OA journalsGBP per annum
- 9. Impact: visibility, usage and academic impact
- 10. Visibility and usageVisibility comes through Web search enginesBest evidenced by usagee-Scholarship (University of California): 11.4 million views since 2002 (36,500 items)School of Electronics & Computer Science (University of Southampton): 30,000 downloads per month (5,500 full-text items)ORBi (University of Liege): 129,000 downloads since September 2009 (31,000 full-text items)
- 12. Open Access citation impactRange = 36%-200%(Data: StevanHarnad and co-workers)
- 13. EngineeringCitationsData: Gargouri & Harnad, 2010
- 14. Clinical medicineCitationsData: Gargouri & Harnad, 2010
- 15. Social scienceCitationsData: Gargouri & Harnad, 2010
- 16. What OA means to a researcher
- 17. Top authors (by download)
- 19. Top authors (by download)
- 22. Photos: UNDP
- 23. EU CIS studies
- 25. “With a small oncology company … it is imperative that I have access to the literature. But small companies do not have the "deep pockets" necessary... The for-profit journal publishers have effectively barred access to key scientific information except to those who can afford their outrageous fees. Much of the most innovative work is being done at companies like mine that cannot afford to pay $30+ per paper or pay per-search charges in abstracts or journal collections.”Terence Dolak, SDR Pharmaceuticals, Andover, NJ, USA
- 26. “We submitted a patent application .... the patent authorities that stated that [some of this] was known and published [in] a scientific paper. This came approximately at the same time as we were about to close a financing round. As a consequence our closing was delayed .... In this period we were really broke and we could not afford to do any experiments. New experiments were essential .... otherwise we would have to withdraw four other patent applications we had filed. The lesson is that if we had had access to the scientific paper then we would have been in a much better position.”CEO, small pharmaceutical company, Denmark
- 27. Dr Evonne MillerSenior Lecturer, Design, QUT“Just last week, the General Manager of Sustainable Development from an Australian rural industry called me – based on reading one of my research papers in ePrints. He loved what he read ..... and we are now in discussion about how we can help them measure their industry’s social impacts.”
- 28. Total Research Income: QUT and sectorData: Tom Cochrane, Deputy Vice-Chancellor, QUT