Open Access Overview
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This document discusses open access literature and its importance. Open access literature refers to digital content that is available online for free without restrictions. It is important because subscription costs for scholarly journals continue rising each year, limiting access. While research is funded by taxpayers and students, they must then pay high costs to access published results. Open access addresses this by removing barriers to access. It benefits students, researchers and libraries by providing free scholarly content. The document outlines how librarians and faculty can promote open access through publishing in and advocating for open access journals and repositories.
Open Access Overview
- 1. An Introduction to Open Access Laura WilsonFramingham State UniversityOctober 19, 2010
- 2. What is Open Access Literature?Literature that is “digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions.”Why is Open Access important?“OA removes price barriers (subscriptions, licensing fees, pay-per-view fees) and permission barriers (most copyright and licensing restrictions)”- Peter Suber, independent policy strategist for open access to research http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/hometoc.htm
- 3. Why is Open Access Important?Subscription costs to scholarly journals continue to rise every year, even despite the recessionThe average increase in the cost of journal subscription prices for academic libraries is 7% - 11% -- PER YEARCosts vary by discipline
- 4. Cost Increase for Subscription Journals in Academic LibrariesExamples (2004 – 2008):http://www.arl.org/sparc/students/decline.shtml
- 5. 2008 JOURNAL SUBSCRIPTION PRICES, provided by SPARC member libraries: $21,582 Journal of Comparative Neurology$16,860 Journal of Applied Polymer Science$15,589 Biochimica et biophysicaacta$10,118 European Journal of Pharmacology$9,545 Gene$8,921 Water, Air, and Soil Pollution$8,919 Methods in Enzymology$8,844 International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering$8,073 Journal of Geophysical Research$7,902 Experimental Brain Research$7,712 Biopolymers$7,665 Oncogene$7,587 Journal of Chemical Physics$6,163 Biotechnology & Bioengineeringhttp://www.arl.org/sparc/students/journalprices.shtml
- 6. Cost Increase for Subscription Journals in Academic LibrariesWhile the cost of journal subscriptions has risen, budgets for academic libraries have not increased at the same rate Often, budgets have not increased at allLack of funds and increased journal prices have forced libraries to stop subscribing to some journalsSometimes these are core journals for certain disciplines
- 7. Why Are Journal Prices Increasing?Many journals are now published by large commercial publishersThese commercial publishers are taking over titles from independent, non-profit publishersCommercial publishers “routinely operate with profit margins on their Science, Technology and Medical (STM) journal portfolios of between 30% and 40% annually” http://www.arl.org/sparc/students/history.shtml
- 8. Remember!In the academic environment, scholars must often “publish or perish”In order to gain promotion or tenure, or to receive grants, scholars MUST publish in scholarly journalsWhen scholars publish their research, they often must sign over copyright for the article to the journal’s publisherAuthors of articles in commercially published journals are NOT PAID by the publisher for their article or researchScholars who peer-review and edit for a commercially published journal are also unpaid
- 9. Remember!Students and tax-payers pay the salaries of the professors and researchers who perform the research, write the articles, and conduct the peer-review and editing of the articlesTax-payers and students must turn around and buy back from the publishing companies the research that has already been paid for!
- 10. The Role of Open Access“Digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions.”Access research articles without barriers or feesMany open access journals are peer-reviewed Scholars donate their time to edit and referee, just as they do for the commercially published journals
- 11. The Cost of Open Access JournalsOpen access literature still has costs associated with itManuscript preparation, peer-review (when applicable) and online server spaceOpen Access journals are often funded by a subsidy from a university or professional societyOpen Access journals may charge a processing fee to an article’s author or employer Fees are often waived for economic hardshipMay include advertisements
- 12. Open Access Archives or RepositoriesAn open access archive or repository stores content (articles, etc.) and makes this content freely available to the publicNo peer-reviewArchives often belong to institutions such as universities and laboratoriesAuthor’s may archive preprints without anyone’s permissionMany journals allow authors to archive their postprints
- 13. How Librarians Can Promote Open AccessCreate an open-access institutional eprint archive for both text and digital dataHelp faculty deposit their research into the institutional archivePublish research in an open access journalConsider cancelling high priced journals that cannot explain their high costs, and issue a public statement that explains whyHelp with digitization, access and preservation projects for the university and local groupsJoin SPARC, a consortium of academic libraries that actively promote OA http://arl.org/sparc
- 14. How Faculty Can Promote Open AccessSubmit your research articles to open access journals in your fieldDeposit your pre-prints and post-prints in an open-access archive or repository http://www.openarchives.orgReferee or edit an open access journalServe on your university’s committee to evaluate faculty for promotion or tenureDo not penalize faculty for publishing in open access journalsEducate others about open access
- 15. For More Information:Open Access LibGuide (Subject Guide):Offers videos, links and more information about open accessCompiled by Millie Gonzalez, FSU Librarianhttp://libguides.framingham.edu/open_accessDirectory of Open Access JournalsDiscover free, full-text open access journals in your fieldhttp://www.doaj.org/
- 16. Works Cited and For More Information: SPARC: The Right to Research http://www.arl.org/sparc/students/SPARC: History of Declining Access http://www.arl.org/sparc/students/history.shtmlWhat Librarians Can Do to Promote Open Access http://api.ning.com/files/UA39w6-9AnX6TD8q6-Pf9cH6gZXFwhTXSvYW8y4EBYQcoLUvsEm1vY5tjaniVLDe*9dzHBvL9fXwVs0HZ6VE-l6awtjyhhG-/LibrariansWhat Faculty Can Do To Promote Open Accesshttp://api.ning.com/files/zRFidZuXNPSiyVKVhJ40gWQuHZd4smwjFm0elVHTZDvWXKbY*8mAMPvwwaIAY6eC2kfO6hRxKs3kb7Ncf6FeB*VaQIOqbD-/Faculty
- 17. Thank You!Please take this very brief, 4 question survey about this presentation:http://www.surveymonkey.com/s/NBCC9RNQuestions or CommentsLaura Wilson, Reference Librarian508-626-4654lwilson2@framingham.eduIf you would like to suggest a topic for a future LibLearn session, please contact the Reference Department508-626-4654reference@framingham.edu