Theoretical Framework
- 1. Theoretical Framework Once the research questions have been stated then one is ready to develop a theoretical frame work of their research. While developing our theoretical frame work we basically theorize on the bases of our belief that how are certain phenomena's are related. So theoretical framework is a representation of our beliefs on how certain phenomena ( or variables or concepts ) are related to each other(model) and an explanation of why we believe that these are associated with each other (theory). 1 Prepared By Farrukh Nazir (MS Project Management, MBA, MSc CS)
- 2. Continued… It’s a conceptual model of how one theorizes or makes logical sense of the relationship among several factors or variables that have been identified to the problem under the study. It helps us to postulate or hypothesize and test certain relationships and improves our level of understanding in the context of dynamics of situation. Based on the previous literature we discuss the interrelationship between the different variables which are of interest to us and concerns the problem. 2 Prepared By Farrukh Nazir (MS Project Management, MBA, MSc CS)
- 3. Continued… By developing this kind of conceptual framework would help us claim and test certain relationships. i.e. From this framework we develop hypothesis statements which are then tested to find out if our theory was valid or not It offers the conceptual foundation for constructing the edifice of research that is to taken in hand. 3 Prepared By Farrukh Nazir (MS Project Management, MBA, MSc CS)
- 4. Continued… Specifically a theoretical framework: Elaborates the relationship among the variables. Explains the logical understanding of the relationships. Describes the nature and direction of the relationship with arguments. 4 Prepared By Farrukh Nazir (MS Project Management, MBA, MSc CS)
- 5. Types of Variables Dependent (Criterion Variable) primary interest Describe or explain the variability or predict it. We study what variables influence dependent variable So by studying these we might able to find a solution of the problem E.g. Sales are low , employee loyalty is dropping 5 Prepared By Farrukh Nazir (MS Project Management, MBA, MSc CS)
- 6. Continued… Independent (Predictor variable) Which influences the dependent variable The influence might be positive or negative When independent variable is present the dependent variable is also present. With each unit of increase in independent variable there is an increase or decrease in the dependent variable E.g. Advertising on sales, recognition on loyalty 6 Prepared By Farrukh Nazir (MS Project Management, MBA, MSc CS)
- 7. Continued… Moderating (surfaces in between the independent and dependent at a given time) Moderating Variables have strong contingent (conditional) effect on the independent – dependent variables relationship. i.e. in the presences of the a third variable the relationship between the independent and dependent is modified. 7 Prepared By Farrukh Nazir (MS Project Management, MBA, MSc CS)
- 8. Continued… Mediating / Intervening(Effects the relationship between independent and dependent) A variable which surfaces between the time the independent variable operates to influence the dependent variable. Temporal /sequential quality Surfaces as a function of the independent variable 8 Prepared By Farrukh Nazir (MS Project Management, MBA, MSc CS)
- 9. Components of Theoretical Framework Whether we use a ready-made theoretical framework or explicates an entirely new one, there are some essential features that have to be taken into consideration that is called as components of a theoretical framework. In a good theoretical framework, following six basic features should be incorporated: 1. Inventory of Variables – The relevant variables should be clearly identified and labeled in the study plan. 2. Direction of Relationship – In the light of findings of previous research, there should be an indication in the discussion as to whether the relationship should be positive or negative. 9 Prepared By Farrukh Nazir (MS Project Management, MBA, MSc CS)
- 10. Continued… 3. Clear Explanation of Why We Should Expect The Proposed Relationship to Exist – There should be clear explanation of why we would expect these relationships to exist. It is essential to theorize logical relationship between different variables. 4. Inventory of Propositions – Logical relationship between any two variables is formulated in a number of propositions and such a collection of propositions is called as inventory of propositions. 10 Prepared By Farrukh Nazir (MS Project Management, MBA, MSc CS)
- 11. Continued… 5. Propositions Arrangement in a Sequential Order – Interrelated set of propositions relevant to the study plan or problem explain the pathway or roadmap of logical relationships between different variables. 6. Schematic Diagram of The Theoretical Model – A schematic diagram of the theoretical framework helps the reader to see and comprehend the theorized relationship. 11 Prepared By Farrukh Nazir (MS Project Management, MBA, MSc CS)