Theory x vs Theory y
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Douglas McGregor developed Theory X and Theory Y to challenge classical management perspectives. Theory X assumes that people inherently dislike work and must be coerced into working. Theory Y assumes that people can exercise self-direction and creativity at work, and that their intellectual potential is only partially utilized. Theory Y argues that organizations should take advantage of all employees' intellect and imagination rather than relying on external control. While some companies still use Theory X, most now employ Theory Y's more positive view of human motivation.
Theory x vs Theory y
- 1. THEORY X VS. THEORY Y Ahmed Yahia
- 2. FOUNDER Douglas McGrogor (1906-1964) challenged both classical perspective management and early human relations assumptions and developed theory x and theory y.
- 3. THEORY X ASSUMPTIONS The average human being has an inherent dislike of work and will avoid it if possible. Because of the human characteristic of dislike for work, most people must be coerced, controlled, directed, or threatened with punishment to get them to put forth adequate effort toward the achievement of organizational objectives. The average human being prefers to be directed, wishes to avoid responsibility, has relatively little ambition, and wants security above all.
- 4. THEORY Y ASSUMPTIONS The expenditure of physical and mental effort in work is as natural as play or rest. The average human being does not inherently dislike work. External control and the threat of punishment are not the only means for bringing about effort toward organizational objectives. A person will exercise self-direction and self-control in the service of objectives to which he or she is committed. The average human being learns, under proper conditions, not only to accept but to seek responsibility. The capacity to exercise a relatively high degree of imagination, ingenuity, and creativity in the solution of organizational problems is widely, not narrowly, distributed in the population. Under the conditions of modern industrial life, the intellectual potentialities of the average human being are only partially utilized.
- 5. THEORY Y VS. THEORY X The point of Theory Y is that organizations can take advantage of the imagination and intellect of all their employees. A few companies still using theory x in comparison large number of companies uses theory y.