Thermodynamic properties, processes and cycles

Thermodynamic properties describe a system and can change states through processes. A process is the path of change between equilibrium states, and when the path is specified it is called a process. Thermodynamic cycles occur when a system returns to its initial state after undergoing a closed loop of changes through different processes. Properties are either intensive, which do not depend on the amount of substance, or extensive, which do depend on amount. Thermodynamic equilibrium involves mechanical, chemical, and thermal equilibrium where forces, chemical composition, and temperature do not change with respect to time or position in the system. Quasi-static processes transition a system between equilibrium states through infinitesimally small unbalanced forces over infinite time.