Thoughts on Open
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The document discusses the significance of open educational resources (OER) in promoting affordable and accessible education, emphasizing the necessity of low-cost experimentation in innovation. It critiques traditional publishing systems and highlights the importance of granting permissions for using educational content, while proposing that open access can drastically reduce costs and improve completion rates for students. The author encourages educators to adopt open licensing for their materials and create open assessments to enhance the learning experience.
![Don't EVER make the mistake [of
thinking] that you can design
something better than what you get
from ruthless massively parallel trial-
and-error with a feedback cycle.
That's giving your intelligence
_much_ too much credit.
Linus Torvalds
Creator of Linux](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/wiley-suny-2015-150227075000-conversion-gate02/85/Thoughts-on-Open-5-320.jpg)
Thoughts on Open
- 1. Thoughts on Open David Wiley @opencontent http://lumenlearning.com/
- 2. Unless otherwise noted this presentation is licensed CC BY 4.0
- 3. Talking to “My People”
- 4. “Permissionless Innovation” Adam Thierer “Democratizing Innovation” Eric Von Hippel
- 5. Don't EVER make the mistake [of thinking] that you can design something better than what you get from ruthless massively parallel trial- and-error with a feedback cycle. That's giving your intelligence _much_ too much credit. Linus Torvalds Creator of Linux
- 8. If Broadband Cost… $500 / month? $5000 / month? Does Amazon or Google exist? Do online courses exist?
- 9. If Broadcast Licenses… were necessary to publish video? were necessary to publish text? Does YouTube or Twitter exist? Do online courses exist?
- 10. thrives when the costs and obstacles to experimenting are low
- 11. Outcomes Assessments Resources Credentials Education Infrastructure
- 12. Outcomes Assessments Resources Credentials Relatively expensive Very narrow permissions
- 13. Relatively Expensive Only those with significant capital can afford to experiment
- 17. $0 $200 $400 $600 $800 $1,000 $1,200 $1,400 $1,600 $1,800 Tuition Textbooks Annual Costs $1288 $1666
- 18. Textbook Pricing in Context Streaming Access to… Cost… Netflix – 10k Movies and Episodes $7.99 / month Hulu Plus – 45k Movies and Episodes $7.99 / month CourseSmart – 1 Biology Textbook $19.67 / month
- 19. A Wizard of Earthsea Studying from texts written in disappearing ink
- 20. “Disappearing Ink” Strategies Buyback, rental, e-books online subscriptions
- 22. Very Narrow Permissions ALL Rights Reserved
- 25. “You may not take any Online Course offered by Coursera or use any Statement of Accomplishment as part of any tuition- based or for-credit certification or program for any college, university, or other academic institution without the express written permission from Coursera. Such use of an Online Course or Statement of Accomplishment is a violation of these Terms of Use.”
- 27. If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants. Isaac Newton
- 29. Hiding Behind Fair Use and TEACH Small-scale innovations must remain hidden and kept quiet
- 30. Outcomes Assessments Resources Credentials Relatively expensive Very narrow permissions
- 31. Trouble with Costs and Permissions?
- 34. Which “open”?
- 35. open ≈ free
- 36. free is assumed online
- 37. open = free + permissions
- 38. Open 1. Free and unfettered access 2. Perpetual, irrevocable 5R permissions
- 39. • Make and own a copyRetain • Use in a wide range of waysReuse • Adapt, modify, and improveRevise • Combine two or moreRemix • Share with othersRedistribute The 5Rs
- 41. • Make and own a copyRetain • Use in a wide range of waysReuse • Adapt, modify, and improveRevise • Combine two or moreRemix • Share with othersRedistribute The 5Rs
- 43. License Comments No one can definitively say what “noncommercial” means, including Creative Commons Creates license incompatibility issues with other openly licensed materials Mandated by foundations and governments, adopted by modern projects
- 45. License Comments No one can definitively say what “noncommercial” means, including Creative Commons Creates license incompatibility issues with other openly licensed materials Mandated by foundations and governments, adopted by modern projects
- 46. Open 1. Free and unfettered access 2. Perpetual, irrevocable 5R permissions
- 47. “Faux-pen” 1. Free (possibly gated) access 2. All rights reserved (or stronger)
- 48. Open 1. Democratizes innovation (Free) 2. Permits innovation (CC BY)
- 49. “Education enabled by the Internet”
- 51. ©
- 52. Copyright Regulates Handwriting Printing Press Internet Copying of a textbook $1000s per copy $1s per copy $0.0001s per copy Distributing a textbook $1000s per copy $1s per copy $0.0001s per copy
- 58. traditionally © materials + internet
- 60. openly licensed materials + internet
- 63. Open Is Worth Defending And must be defended vigorously
- 64. 64 Textbook Costs and Student Success Outcomes Six-year graduation rate for open access institutions 33% Avg. annual textbook cost per college student $1,200 Costs growing 3x inflation Cost students go without textbooks due to cost 6 in 10 take fewer courses due to textbook cost 35% Access of community college students achieve credential goals <50%
- 65. 65 Internet, Textbook Costs, Student Success Outcomes Six-year graduation rate for open access institutions ?% Avg. annual textbook cost per college student < $50 Costs dropping Cost students go without textbooks due to cost 0 in 10 take fewer courses due to textbook cost 0% Access of community college students achieve credential goals ?%
- 68. Participants • 4,909 treatment • 11,818 control • 50 undergraduate courses • 130 teachers • 8 institutions Submitted to Computers & Education
- 69. Method Quasi-experimental design with: • Propensity Score Matching • Dependent variables: Completion; C or Better; Credits Enrolled This Term; Next Term • Independent variable: Textbook condition • Covariates: age, gender, and race
- 70. Results Increased: • Completion (X2 res = +2.9, -2.9) • C or Better (X2 res = -2.5, +2.7) • Credits this term t(8101) = 27.81, p < .01 • Credits next term F(1, 6440) = 154.08, p <.01
- 71. Developmental Math Published in Educause Review
- 72. From textbook and MyMathLab ($170) To OER and MyOpenMath ($5)
- 73. 73 % Completing with C or Better 48.4% 60.2% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% Spring 2011 No OER Spring 2013 All OER
- 74. “Mad” “Glad” “Sad” “Rad” Cost Completing with C or Better Student Success per Dollar 0 100% $200
- 75. “Mad” “Glad” “Sad” “Rad” Cost Completing with C or Better Pearson Student Success per Dollar 0 100% $200
- 76. “Mad” “Glad” “Sad” “Rad” Cost Completing with C or Better Pearson OER Student Success per Dollar 0 100% $200
- 77. Completing with C or Better Student Success per Dollar 0 100% 0 50 100 150 200 250 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Cost $250 $0
- 78. Associates of Business “Z Degree” Graduate without ever buying a textbook World’s first “all-OER” degree ~30% cheaper for students
- 79. When a student drops, it.. Slows down their graduation Costs the institution tuition dollars (refunds)
- 80. (182 * .89 * $164.35 * 3) in-state + (182 * .11 * $358.95 * 3) out-of-state = $101,042 annual INTRO Submitted to EPAA INTRO Model
- 82. Open Outcomes Open Assessments Open Educational Resources Open Credentials Open Education Infrastructure What are we defending?
- 83. Open Outcomes Open Assessments Open Educational Resources Open Credentials Open Pedagogy Open Sustainability / Business Models Open Education Infrastructure
- 84. Open Pedagogy The set of things you can do when outcomes, assessments, and resources are open that you cannot do otherwise.
- 90. PM4ID
- 91. PM4ID
- 92. “Open” Re-professionalizes Faculty (+IDs) You are the experimenter You are the innovator You’re in control (Stop abdicating to Pearson!)
- 93. Beware Closed Platforms Has the vendor locked up the content so that it’s “teacher-proof”? (Open” values local knowledge)
- 94. Beware Closed Platforms Are there secret All Rights Reserved algorithms? “Trust me, I’m from Knewton”
- 95. Humility and Wonder Facilitate the unexpected Enable serendipitous reciprocity
- 96. Do Unto Others Add more value than you extract Make it easier for the next guy
- 97. Own, Don’t Access “Access” is a war on ownership of private property If you can’t 5R it, you don’t own it
- 98. Proxy Selfishness Be selfish on behalf of others Maximize your potential to be useful Empower yourself by empowering others
- 99. Gratitude Pay it forward Our moral obligation to one another
- 100. GREAT So what do I do?
- 101. 1. Openly License Your Syllabus Including your learning outcomes
- 102. 2. Replace Your Textbook With open educational resources
- 103. 3. Openly License Your Assessments Performance assessments first Test item banks next