Three Phase Instructional System – A New Approach To Instructional Model
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The document presents a new instructional model based on a three-phase instructional system, consisting of pre-learning, learning, and post-learning sessions. It emphasizes that effective teaching impacts learning and that no single model suits every situation. The aim is to design a flexible instructional process that incorporates all phases to facilitate better learning outcomes.
![Three Phase Instructional System – A New Approach To Instructional Model
DOI: 10.9790/7388-05126667 www.iosrjournals.org 67 | Page
analyzing learning tasks,
writing test item,
determining instructional strategies,
writing and producing instruction,
conducting formative evaluation,
revising instruction.
III. Main fact
The new instructional model contains three phases. Phase I contain three steps, phase II contain seven steps and
phase III include four steps is as follows:
Phase I
Phase II
References
[1]. Andrew, D. H and Goodson L. A, A comparative analysis of models of instructional design, Journal of instructional Development,
1980.
[2]. Bergman, R and Moore T, Managing interactive video/ multimedia projects, Engle wood cliff, N.J Educational Technology
Publication, 1990.
[3]. Disk, Wanel Carey L., The Systeinarz design of instructional New York, Harper Collins, 1978.
[4]. Driscoll, M. P, Psychology of Learning for instruction, Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 1994.
[5]. Dick. W. and Carey L. and Carey J., The Systeuation design of Instruction (5th
Edn) New York, Longman, 2001.
[6]. Gange R. M., The conditions of learning New York, Holt, Rive Chart and Winston, 1965.
[7]. Gently, C. G., Introduction to instructional development: process as technique Belmont, CA: wads worth Pnlohishing Company,
1994.
[8]. Gerlach, V. S and Ely D. P., Teaching and media: a systematic approach Englewood cliff, N.J Prentice hall, 1971.
[9]. Keller, J.M., Motivation as instructional design: A theoretical perspeihies, Journal of instructional Development, 1979.
[10]. Smith, P. L and Ragan T. J., Instructional Design (1st
, 3rd
Edn) New York, John Willey, 1999, 2005.
Analyze the content.
Selection of instruction
strategies/methods/teaching aids
Designing of behavioral objective
Pre
learning
session
Learning
session
Analyze learner.
Operate the selected method.
Provide learning materials.
Facilitate learner by all means.
Access performance and provide
reinforcement.
Provide task for enhancing retention
and increase conceptualization.
Phase III
Evaluate the task.
Summarize the error and mistake done by the
learner.
Preparing for giving feedback to the learner.
Planning for the next session.
Post learning
session](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/k05126667-151128051401-lva1-app6891/85/Three-Phase-Instructional-System-A-New-Approach-To-Instructional-Model-2-320.jpg)
Three Phase Instructional System – A New Approach To Instructional Model
- 1. IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education (IOSR-JRME) e-ISSN: 2320–7388,p-ISSN: 2320–737X Volume 5, Issue 1 Ver. II (Jan - Feb. 2015), PP 66-67 www.iosrjournals.org DOI: 10.9790/7388-05126667 www.iosrjournals.org 66 | Page Three Phase Instructional System – A New Approach To Instructional Model 1 Avijit Sarkar 2 Joydev Biswas, 3 Koushik Chattaraj 1 Assistant professor (visiting ) Parboti teachers' training institution ,Asansol 2 Assistant professor (visiting ) Parboti teachers' training institution ,Asansol 3 Assistant professor Parboti teachers' training institution ,Asansol Abstract: A model of teaching is also a model of learning i.e., to help learners acquire information, ideas, skill and attitude in meaningful way. The way teaching is conducted has a deep impact on the learner’s ability to learn. No model is the best fit for all situations. A successful model creates the necessary environment for facilitating learns. The main aim of the present paper is an attempt for designing successful instructional model. The model contains a three phase instructional system i.e. pre learning session, learning session, post learning session. Keywords: Instructional design, pre learning session, learning session, post learning session. I. Introduction Instruction is “the deliberate arrangement of learning condition to promote the attainment of some intended goal (Driscoll 1994). According to Heinich et. al (1999) instruction is the arrangement of infrastructure and environment to facilitate learning. Design is a creative process. Designer has to create and plan for something to execute like a building plan designed by an architect. Gustafson and Branch (2002) defined instructional design in terms of five major activities such as: a) Analysis of the setting and learning needs. b) Designing of a set of specification for an effective efficient and relevant learning environment. c) Development of all learning and management materials. d) Implementation of the resulting materials. e) Both formative and summative evaluation of the result. According to Andrew and Goodson (1980) instructional design model serve the following four purposes as: a) Improving learning by means of problem solving. b) Improving management of instructional design and development by means of the monitoring and control function. c) Improving evaluation process. d) Testing or building instructional theory by means of theory based design. The object of the present paper is an attempt to design an instructional process which not only cover the instructional process but it design the pre instructional and post instructional activities. II. Review of related literature In an early study by Andrews and Goldson (1980) about 40 different instructional models were reported. Robert M. Gange (1965) describes nine steps of instruction that can be best implanted in the 4th level of instructional design model. Under the influence of system theory the instructional design model of B. H. Barthy is one of the earliest model proposed in 1976. Tom M. Keller proposed that there are four basic categories of instructional conditions which instructional designers must understand. These conditions are attention, relevance confidence and satisfaction which often called ARCS model (Keller 1979). The Dick and cares (1978) model is the most widely and most cited model in instructional design. This Popular model is now in its fifth edition (Dick, Carey as Carey 2001) The main step is to assess needs to identify goals. Bergman and Moore (1990) proposed the development model for Production of interactive multimedia. It is a systematic process that includes six major activities; analysis, design, development, produce, authors and validate. Genlry (1994) Proposed the instructional project Development and Management (IPDM) model that is one of the most comprehension instructional design model covering both the process as support system for the process The model has two groups of components (development and support) interlink through a communication link. Smith and Ragon (1999, 2005) model is one of the most recent design models. It has three stapes: analysis, strategies and evaluation. These three stairs include eight steps which are
- 2. Three Phase Instructional System – A New Approach To Instructional Model DOI: 10.9790/7388-05126667 www.iosrjournals.org 67 | Page analyzing learning tasks, writing test item, determining instructional strategies, writing and producing instruction, conducting formative evaluation, revising instruction. III. Main fact The new instructional model contains three phases. Phase I contain three steps, phase II contain seven steps and phase III include four steps is as follows: Phase I Phase II References [1]. Andrew, D. H and Goodson L. A, A comparative analysis of models of instructional design, Journal of instructional Development, 1980. [2]. Bergman, R and Moore T, Managing interactive video/ multimedia projects, Engle wood cliff, N.J Educational Technology Publication, 1990. [3]. Disk, Wanel Carey L., The Systeinarz design of instructional New York, Harper Collins, 1978. [4]. Driscoll, M. P, Psychology of Learning for instruction, Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 1994. [5]. Dick. W. and Carey L. and Carey J., The Systeuation design of Instruction (5th Edn) New York, Longman, 2001. [6]. Gange R. M., The conditions of learning New York, Holt, Rive Chart and Winston, 1965. [7]. Gently, C. G., Introduction to instructional development: process as technique Belmont, CA: wads worth Pnlohishing Company, 1994. [8]. Gerlach, V. S and Ely D. P., Teaching and media: a systematic approach Englewood cliff, N.J Prentice hall, 1971. [9]. Keller, J.M., Motivation as instructional design: A theoretical perspeihies, Journal of instructional Development, 1979. [10]. Smith, P. L and Ragan T. J., Instructional Design (1st , 3rd Edn) New York, John Willey, 1999, 2005. Analyze the content. Selection of instruction strategies/methods/teaching aids Designing of behavioral objective Pre learning session Learning session Analyze learner. Operate the selected method. Provide learning materials. Facilitate learner by all means. Access performance and provide reinforcement. Provide task for enhancing retention and increase conceptualization. Phase III Evaluate the task. Summarize the error and mistake done by the learner. Preparing for giving feedback to the learner. Planning for the next session. Post learning session