TID Chapter 1 Introduction To Information Technology

Dr. Kang Eng Thye Room 3103 College Art & Science (IT Faculty) E-mail : kang1178@uum.edu.my Phone No: 04-9284670 Hand phone: 017-6884823 TID 1103

INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY What you will learn in today’s class Introduction to communication and IT Introduction to Computer Category Hardware devices Input and output devices TID 1103

INTRODUCTION Business growth is influenced by the use of Information Technology Internet Internet and networking – virtual marketing Global trade K-economy TID 1103

The Importance of IT essential ingredient in managing business processes of most organizations reduction in administration costs improve staff productivity assist in the design & manufacture of products improve the efficiency of interactions with clients, customers, suppliers & distribution outlets create opportunities for new services, products & business ventures speed, efficiency, effectiveness & competitive advantages TID 1103

Introduction What is Information Technology (IT)? Definition Process Application (software) Hardware that is used to get, create, arrange, analyze and present the information in various format including text, image, audio and video. TID 1103

Introduction to IT Process The ability to translate the information needs, to analyze and present the information and the ability to analyze the process effectiveness It Includes techniques and activities that involve design, development, implementation and IT management. TID 1103

Introduction to IT Application (software) software can be categorized into: Curricular software it is designed to educate students with concepts and skills. The learning objective is determine by the software Generic software Software that is used to achieve various learning objectives. Example: Word processor, databases and multimedia TID 1103

Introduction to IT Hardware includes all types of technology hardware including computers, scanner, modem, printers etc. TID 1103

Introduction to IT The importance of computer Efficiency and effectiveness in information management Business management Education purposes Borderless world Military Entertainment Finance and banking Town planning Publication Graphic and animation TID 1103

Introduction to IT Problems Computer crime Hard to manage Gap between humans Privacy and confidentiality Motivational Qoutes The meaning of life is to give life meaning. Ken Hudgins Don’t go through life,grow therough life. Eric Butterworth TID 1103

Introduction to IT Telecommunication devices Wireless Phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) Walkie Talkie Pager Fax machine Video Conferencing Telegraph Chatting software: Example IRC, Yahoo Messenger (not device) TID 1103

Introduction to IT TID 1103 PAGER CELULAR PHONE

Introduction to IT TID 1103 PDA WALKIE TALKIE

Introduction to IT TID 1103 FAX MACHINE

Introduction to IT TID 1103 Computer

Introduction to IT TID 1103 Monitor Keyboard Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Introduction to IT What is a computer? an electronic device that stores, retrieves, and processes data, and can be programmed with instructions. A computer is composed of hardware and software, and can exist in a variety of sizes and configurations. TID 1103

Introduction to IT 3 Types of Computer Analog Process physical data. Example: Temperature, air pressure etc Digital Process data in binary ( 1 and 0) Hybrid Combination of analog and digital computers TID 1103

Introduction to IT Components of Computer Central Processing Unit (CPU) Manipulates raw data into a more useful form and controls the other parts of the computer systems Primary Storage Temporarily stores data and program instructions during processing. Example RAM Secondary Storage Store data and programs when they are not being used in processing. Example: HardDisk,Floppy A Disk, CD, DVD TID 1103

Introduction to IT Input Devices Convert data and instructions into electronic form for input into the computer. Example: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner Output devices Convert electronic data produced by the computer system and display them into a form that people can understand. Example: Printers, Video Display Terminal Communication devices Provide connections between the computer and communication networks. Example: Modem, Digital Camera, HeadPhone/Telephony) TID 1103

Introduction to IT Categories of Computers Mainframe Largest category of computer, used for major business processing. Midrange Middle-size computer capable of supporting the computing needs of small organizations or of managing networks of other computers. Minicomputers Middle-range computers used in Universities, factories and research laboratories as server to manage organization computer network TID 1103

Introduction to IT Microcomputers Personal computers. Example: IBM, DELL, APPLE Workstation Desktop computer with powerful graphics and mathematical capabilities and the ability to perform several complicated at once. Used in scientific, engineering and design work Supercomputer Highly sophisticated and powerful computer that can perform very complex computations extremely rapidly. Used in scientific and military work, such as classified weapons research and weather forecasting. TID 1103

Introduction to IT Computer Hardware Monitor – 14”, 15”, 17” & 21” Keyboards- 108, 110, 114 keys Mouse Speaker Printer Scanner CD Drive CD Writer Floppy A Drive Joy Stick Plotter TID 1103

Introduction to IT TID 1103 MONITOR 2 types of Monitor CRT -Cathode Ray Tube Function just like television set Flat Panel Using TFT (thin film transistor) technology

Introduction to IT TID 1103 CPU KEYBOARD

Introduction to IT TID 1103 HARDDISK

Introduction to IT TID 1103 Floppy Drive Disket

Introduction to IT TID 1103 JOYSTICK

Introduction to IT TID 1103 SPEAKER MOUSE

Introduction to IT TID 1103 PRINTER Types of Printers Dot Matrix Ink Jet Laser Jet Bubble Jet

Introduction to IT INPUT Pointing Device Mouse Touch Screen Source Data Automation Optical Character Recognition (OCR): Bar Code Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) Handwriting Recognition pen-based input; PDA notebook, laptop mouse pointing Digital Scanner Voice Input Device microphone Sensor Device TID 1103

Introduction to IT Output Monitor (Cathode Ray Tube/CRT) Monitor (Liquid Crystal Display/LCD) Printer Plotter Speaker HeadPhone EarPhone TID 1103

Introduction to IT What we will learn Software Operating System Programming Language Windows Technology IT in Management TID 1103

Introduction to IT Software Complete instructions that control, manage and support operational activities of computer system. 3 basic functions : a) manage computer system’s data sources b) create platforms & tools to use the data source c) act as the ‘middle-man’ between human and data source storage TID 1103

Introduction to IT Software 2 types of software (main): System software system Management programs & system development Programs Application software general purpose application programs & application specific programs TID 1103

TID 1103 Relationship between User, Application Software, System Software and Computer Hardware User Application Software System Software Computer Hardware

Application Software Application software that we will learn in this class Word Processor (Microsoft Word) Electronic Spreadsheets (Microsoft Excel) Database (Microsoft Access) Graphic presentation Presentation (Microsoft Power Point) TID 1103

Application Software Word Processor Program to manipulate text Create, edit, delete, save and print. (eg: memo, letters report) Advantages (in comparison with type writer) Save time and efficient to create documents More flexible in term of deleting, and editing the content Used in Business Personal Education…etc TID 1103

Application Software Electronic spreadsheet Program to manipulate lines and numbers and to do calculation Used to create charts, graph and table TID 1103

Application Software Database a collection of related data Shared collection of logically related data (and a description of this data), designed to meet the information needs of an organization Advantages: Data consistency More information from the same amount of data Sharing of data Improved data integrity Improved security Enforcement of standards Economy of scale TID 1103

Application Software Graphic Presentation Create images and pictures Animation Example: Coral Draw, Photoshop TID 1103

System Software 3 main system software: Operating System Manages and control the computer’s activities Computer Language Translation Programs Convert programming languages into machine language Utility programs Common processing tasks TID 1103

Operating System 3 main functions of the operating system Allocates and assigns system resources Schedules the use of computer resources and computer job Monitor computer system activities TID 1103

Operating System Example of operating system : DOS UNIX OS/2 Windows 95/98/2000/NT/ME/XP Macintosh TID 1103

Operating System Disk Operating System/DOS Operating system for older IBM and IBM-compatible PCs. Disadvantage: Do not support multitasking Limits program use of memory to 640 kilobytes TID 1103

Operating System OS/2 (Operating System/2 ) Operating system for IBM PCS that can take advantage of the 32-bit microprocessor. Support multitasking and networking. Has its own graphical user interface and desktop and server version Very memory intensive applications TID 1103

Operating System UNIX Developed by Bell Laboratories in 1969 Operating System for all types of computers, which is machine independent and support multi-user processing, multitasking and networking. Used in high-end workstations and servers. TID 1103

Operating System Macintosh Os for Macintosh computer that support multitasking Has access to the internet and has powerful graphics and multimedia capabilities TID 1103

Programming languages Generation of programming languages Machine language ( First Generation) Using binary code ( 1 and 0 ) Programming in machine language is very slow, labor-intensive process Example : 1010 1101 TID 1103

Programming languages Assembly Language (2 nd generation) Developed in 1950s that resembles machine language but substitutes mnemonics for numeric codes ( example: load, sum) Difficult to read, debug and learn and costly in term of programmers time TID 1103

Programming languages 3 rd generation Specify instructions as brief statements that are more like natural language than assembly language. Easier to write and understand in comparison of assembly language. Example: FORTRAN, COBOL,BASIC, Pascal Lisp and C TID 1103

Programming languages 4 th generation A programming language that can be employed directly by end user or less skilled programmers to develop computer applications more rapidly than conventional programming languages (nonprocedural or less) Seven categories of 4 th generation languages Query languages Report generators Graphics languages Application generators Very high level programming languages Application software packages PC tools TID 1103

Programming languages 5 th generation- Artificial Intelligence Language The latest for AI Object-Oriented Programming language Visual Basic, C++, Java, HTML, XML TID 1103

Language Translation Programs written in high-level language such as COBOL, C must be translated into machine language that the computer can execute The program in high-level language before translation is called source code. A compiler translates source code into machine code called object code But some programming language do not use complier, but use an interpreter Interpreter used to translate each source code statement one at a time into machine code during execution and executes it. It is a bit slow to execute since it translated one statement at a time. TID 1103

Windows Technology Microsoft Corporation- windows software since 1980 Windows – Operating System to control and manage computer activities Based on graphical user interface – easier to use TID 1103

Windows Technology Dos MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System) Limited for only a user ( 1980 -1994) Microsoft Windows 3.1 introduced graphical User Interface for example Program manager Based on windows- allowing few program in their own windows. Disadvantages: Require high memory and storage Operates only on computers with micro processor 286, 2MB RAM and at least 10MB hardisk TID 1103

Windows Technology Microsoft Windows 95 Popular in mid 90s Used in personal PCs Most of the software is based on windows format Using storage area of 80 MB, 8MB RAM and micro processor at least 486 DX TID 1103

Windows Technology Microsoft Windows 95 Using 32-bit operating system perform twice better than windows 3.1(16-bit) Support multitasking Support plug and play Better GUI TID 1103

Windows Technology Windows 98 32-bit operating system that is closely integrated with the Internet and that supports multitasking, multithreading and networking Faster and more integrated compare to windows 95 with support for additional hardware such as MMX, DVD. The most visible features is integration of the OS with Web browser software TID 1103

Windows Technology Microsoft Windows 2000 32-bit operating system for PCs, workstations and network servers. Support multitasking, multiprocessing, intensive networking and Internet services for corporate computing. TID 1103

Windows Technology Microsoft Windows ME (Millennium Edition) Enhanced Windows Operating System for consumer users featuring tools for working with video, photos, music and home networking. Improved capabilities for safeguarding critical files. TID 1103

Windows Technology Microsoft Windows NT (New Technology) Posses the same ability in UNIX such as multi-user, multitasking and high security. Suitable for high technology application, graphic and animation. Appropriate as server in a network. TID 1103

Windows Technology Microsoft Windows XP (Experience) Reliable, robust operating system with versions for both home and corporate users. Features support of internet and multimedia and improved networking, security and corporate management capabilities TID 1103

Microsoft Windows Vista Vista, formerly code named Longhorn, is the most recent of Microsoft's Windows desktop operating systems. Vista was released for businesses, the holders of most volume licenses, on November 30, 2006. Bill Gates hosted the worldwide launch of Windows Vista and Microsoft Office 2007 in Times Square on January 29, 2007. Vista ships in nine different versions that fall under the main categories of home edition and business edition. The most noticeable change from Windows XP to Vista is a significantly redesigned user interface called Aero, which stands for "authentic, energetic, reflective and open." Other additions include a faster and customizable search engine and an XML-based specification for creating documents similar to Portable Document Format (PDF) files. Microsoft has also identified several underlying technology improvements that distinguish Vista, including: Enhancements to the basic structure of the operating system and the .NET framework. A new audio system. A simplified application deployment engine and application installer. Increased support for digital rights management (DRM) A messaging system that allows programs to interoperate similarly to Web services Built-in IPv6 and peer-to-peer networking capabilities. The multivendor security initiative previously known as Palladium TID 1103

TID 1103 Windows 95 Windows 95

Windows Technology Windows 98 TID 1103

LindowsOS LindowsOS SPX - the first "Broadband OS" An operating system-- built to take full advantage of broadband technology. LindowsOS SPX is designed to fully utilize the world of tomorrow, where Internet connectivity is bountiful and cheap, and computers are ubiquitous. Open Source Software Open source software is computer software for which the human-readable source code is made available under a copyright license (or arrangement such as the public domain) that meets the Open Source Definition. This permits users to use, change, and improve the software, and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified form. It is often developed in a public, collaborative manner. Open-source software is the most prominent example of open source development and often compared to user generated content.[1] source wikipidea.org TID 1103

Internet Application An electronic network of computers that includes nearly every university, government, and research facility in the world. Also included are many commercial sites. It started with four interconnected computers in 1969 and was known as ARPAnet. Among the services Email File transfer Telnet IRC TID 1103

IT in Management Latest in cost efficiency- including labor cost, transportation, communication Increment in business performance – virtual marketing and globalization, Sharing of information Global marketing- E-commerce, E-business Increment in customer satisfaction Increment in share market Low margin cost Increment in quality- products and services TID 1103

TID Chapter 1 Introduction To Information Technology

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TID Chapter 1 Introduction To Information Technology