Tools and Tech for Entrepreneurhip development
- 1. Dr. S. Subash SRS of ICAR-NDRI Bengaluru
- 2. There are two parts to entrepreneurship. The first is the managerial skills (can be taught)needed to start and run a profitable farm business. The second is ‘entrepreneurial spirit’ - cannot be taught Two situations- existing farmers want to make changes to their farming systems by introducing high value enterprises directed to the market Newcomers entering farming who are starting with their first farming enterprise – potential entrepreneurs
- 3. Farmers as entrepreneurs Farmer-entrepreneurs see their farms as a business. They see their farms as a means of earning profits. They are passionate about their farm business and are willing to take calculated risks to make their farms profitable and their businesses grow. Challenges : social barriers, economic barriers, regulations, access to finance and information, and their own managerial capacity to cope with risks and changes and to seize opportunities
- 4. The world of the farmer- entrepreneur
- 5. Entrepreneur Vs Small Scale Farmers S.No Entrepreneur Small Scale Farmer 1 who produces for the market For sustenance 2 determined and creative leader, always looking for opportunities to improve and expand his business focus on maintaining their traditional way of life 3 take calculated risks, and assumes responsibility Their production decisions are based on what they need -- not on what is possible 4 passionate to growing his business and is constantly looking for new opportunities Smallholder farmers may be entrepreneurial in spirit but they often lack the security to take risks 5 Work independently Often Group –entrepreneurship
- 7. Five stages of farm enterprise development
- 9. Challenges Market-related risk Access to finance and credit Access to information Low bargaining power Vulnerability to economic shocks Access to training and related challenges To overcome; entrepreneurial , technical, managerial and Integrating competencies
- 10. Entrepreneurial Competencies Initiative Ambition Focused Problem-solving Creative thinking Risk taking Flexibility and Adaptability Interpersonal abilities, Networking and Readiness to learn.
- 11. Technical/Managerial/Integrating Competencies Technical - Managing inputs, Managing production and Managing marketing Managerial - diagnosis, planning, organising, leading and controlling Integrating - ability of the farmer to combine the entrepreneurial, technical and managerial competencies in practice
- 13. Stages for effective Entrepreneurial Development
- 14. Approaches to Entrepreneurship Development Formal Education Formal Training Programmes Non-formal capacity building programmes - Awareness-raising workshops - Action learning workshops - Combined training and extension - Business clinics - Success case replications - Group approaches Study groups, Farmer Field Schools, Farm business schools
- 15. Extension support Training and extension support Access to finance and markets Supporting partnerships and networking Creating a culture of entrepreneurship
- 16. Characteristics of a good extension support system
- 17. Techniques for identification of entrepreneurs Psychological tests like Thematic Appreciation Tests (TAT), risk-taking, personal efficacy; Finding out the social-economic / educational background of the candidates; and Analysis of the application blank; Group planning exercise (added dimension); and Personal interview
- 19. Entrepreneur Self-Assessment Professional Tools and Tests The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Prevue HR Systems The Entrepreneur Equation The StrengthsFinder 2.0 Assessment The PAVF Assessment Teamability Professional Dynametric Programs The FourSight Thinking Profile Smart Work Assessments' Self-Employment Profile General measure of Enterprising Tendency test (Get2test)
- 20. General measure of Enterprising Tendency (GET) Enterprising person shares entrepreneurial characteristics, and that these characteristics may be nurtured via educational and training, and assessed GET2test offers a self-assessment test that takes about ten minutes to complete and will give you an idea of your enterprising potential key entrepreneurial characteristics-motivation, Creative tendency, Calculated risk-taking and locus of control. An enterprising tendency is defined as the tendency to start up and manage projects
- 21. If a person is highly enterprising they have the following qualities: Have a strong need for achievement; Like to be in charge; Seek opportunities and use resources to achieve plans; Believe that they possess or can gain the qualities to be successful; Are innovative and willing to take a calculated risk
- 22. If a person has a high need for achievement they have the following qualities: An orientation towards the future; Reliance on their own ability; An optimistic rather than a pessimistic outlook; A strong task orientation; Effective time management; Results-oriented with yourself and others; Restlessness, driven and energetic; Opinionated in defence of your ideas and views; Determination to ensure your objectives are met even when difficulties arise; Responsible and persistent in pursuit of aims; Oriented towards challenging but realistic goals; Willingness to work long and hard when necessary to complete tasks.
- 23. If a person has a high need for autonomy they have the following qualities: Independence, preferring to work alone especially if they cannot be ‘top dog’; Self expressive, feeling a strongly need to do their own thing their way, rather than work on other people’s projects; Individualistic and unresponsive to group pressure; Leadership, preferring to be in charge and disliking taking orders; Unconventional, and prepared to stand out as being different to others; Opinionated, having to say what they think and make up their own mind about issues; Determination, strong willed and stubborn about their interests.
- 24. Creative tendency; Imaginative, inventive or innovative tendency to come up with new ideas; Intuition, being able to synthesis ideas and knowledge, and make good guesses when necessary; Change-orientation, preferring novelty, change and challenges with a dislike of being locked into routines; Versatile and able to draw on personal resources for projects or problem solving; Curious and interested in new ideas.
- 25. If a person is a calculated risk-taker they have the following qualities: Decisive, being able to act on incomplete information and good at judging when incomplete information is sufficient for action; Self-awareness with the ability to accurately assessing their own capability; Analytical, being good at evaluating the likely benefits against the likely costs of actions; Goal-oriented, setting themselves challenging but attainable goals; Effective information management, using information to calculate the probability of success
- 26. If a person has an internal locus of control they have the following qualities: Opportunistic, seeking and taking advantage of opportunities; Self-confidence with the belief that they have control over their destiny and make their own luck, rather than being controlled by fate; Proactive, taking personal responsibility to navigate the problems that arise to achieve success on their terms; Determination and express a strong willed control over life; Self belief, equating the results achieved with the effort made.
- 27. GET2 is a self-assessment test -decide –to agree or disagree with statements that are designed to identify various aspects of your enterprising tendencies. There are no right or wrong answers in this test It should take you about ten minutes to complete and the resulting report will give you an idea of your enterprising potential For each statement click the answer which best expresses your views. Answer quickly and honestly since this gives the best picture of yourself as you are now. The test is not definitive and it should be used only as an educational aid If you are not happy with your test results, personal transformation is an open door!
- 28. Scoring the GET2 Test The Get2 test measures enterprising tendency by measuring five entrepreneurial attributes as follows: 1. Need for achievement – This is measured in rows 1 and row 6 of the scoring sheet, i.e. Questions 1,10,19,28,37,46, 6,15,24,33,42,51 2. Need for Autonomy – This is measured in row 3, i.e. Questions 3,12, 21,30,39,48 3. Creative Tendency – This is measured in rows 5 and 8, i.e. Questions 5, 14,23,32,41,50,8,17,26,35,44,53 4. Calculated Risk taking- This is measured in rows 2 and 9, i.e. Questions 2,11,20,29,38,47, 9,18,27,36,45,54 5. Locus of control – This is measured in rows 4 and 7, i.e. Questions 4,13,22,31,40,49,7,16,25,34,43,52
- 29. If a person agrees with a statement by circling A and the statement number is an even number they get one point (positive entrepreneurial statements) If a person disagrees with a statement by circling D and the statement number is an odd number they get one point (negative entrepreneurial statements) Other responses get zero points Points gained are added together to give a score for each of the entrepreneurial attributes which are summed to give the score for entrepreneurial tendency.
- 30. Interpretation General Enterprising Tendency (GET) The maximum score (representing General Enterprising Tendency) is 54 44-54 - This score means that you are very enterprising (High) 27-43 - This score means that you have some enterprising qualities (Medium) 0-26 – This score means that you are probably happiest working with guidance from superiors (Low)
- 31. Your GET2 score suggests that your enterprising tendency is high. This means that you have a tendency to start up and manage projects; this could be your own business venture, within your employing organisation or your community. You like to be in charge; You will seek opportunities and use resources to achieve your plans; You believe that you possess or can gain the qualities to be successful; You are innovative and willing to take a calculated risk to achieve your goals successfully. High GET2 score 44-54
- 32. Medium GET2 score 27-43 You are likely to have strengths in some of the enterprising characteristics and may be enterprising in some contexts. At this time you probably are unlikely to set up an innovative growth-oriented global business, and may be able to express your enterprise either within employment as an intrapreneur, or in your leisure time through voluntary community projects.
- 33. Low GET2 score 0-26 You are not highly enterprising in your present activities. You would probably prefer to work in employment. Perhaps you prefer to support enterprise rather than take a lead. Enterprises need people to support and work on the implementation of plans so that goals are met. This test does not assess personal strengths other than enterprising characteristics.
- 34. Scores on Entrepreneurial Characteristics Entrepreneurial Qualities: Need for Achievement (Maximum Score is 12, high score is 10-12, low is 0-6) Need for Autonomy/Independence (Maximum Score is 6, high score is 4-6, low is 0-2) Creative Tendency (Maximum Score is 12, high score is 10-12, low is 0-6) Calculated Risk taking (Maximum Score is 12, high score is 10-12, low is 0-6) Internal Locus of Control (Maximum Score is 12, high score is 10-12, low is 0-6)