Topic 1: Statistical Analysis
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The document covers statistical analysis concepts, specifically focusing on normal distribution, standard deviation, error bars, and t-tests. It explains the significance of data spread around the mean and the implications of correlation not indicating causation. Understanding these statistical tools is essential for interpreting data and determining the significance of differences between populations.
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Topic 1: Statistical Analysis
- 2. Normal Distribution Mean in center
- 3. Standard Deviation • Used to assess how far the values are spread above and below the mean • 68% of values lie within one standard deviation • 95% of values lie within two standard deviations • Can be used to determine whether the difference between two means is significant
- 4. Error Bars • Bars on graphs extending above and below the mean value • Show the variability of data • Can be used to show the range of data or the standard deviation
- 5. The t-Test • Can be used to find out whether there is a significant difference between the means of two populations • If the probability of it being due to random variation is 5% or less it is considered statistically significant • The larger the difference between two means, the larger t is • The larger the standard deviations, the smaller t is
- 6. Correlation and Cause • The existence of a correlation between two variables does not indicate and causal relationship between the two