Cause and Effect relationship.pdf
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This document discusses cause and effect relationships and provides examples. It defines cause and effect as when one event makes something else happen. Several strategies are presented for identifying causes and effects, including looking for clue words and chains of effects where one effect leads to another. Examples of cause and effect relationships are given across various subjects like history, science, nature, stories, and daily life. Signal words that indicate cause and effect are also listed.
Cause and Effect relationship.pdf
- 1. FINALS: CAUSE AND EFFECT RELATIONSHIP EN110
- 2. The most important about reading is UNDERSTANDING. We can use strategies to help us understand. One strategy is identifying cause and effect. Take a look ate the following pictures.
- 7. Did you have a reaction to those pictures? Raise your hand if you said: “Awwwww” at the puppy “Ugh” at the blobfish “Mmmmmmm” at the samgyup Or laughed at the meme That reaction was an EFFECT That was CAUSED by the pictures
- 8. ✓ Cause and Effect is a strategy that can help you understand. ✓ Cause and Effect is when one thing makes something else happen. ✓ Cause and effect is a relationship between events or things, where one is the result of the other or others. ✓ Cause and effect are intertwined. American poet Ralph Waldo Emerson said, “Cause and effect are two sides of one fact.”
- 9. Did you have a reaction to those pictures? Raise your hand if you said: “Awwwww” at the puppy “Ugh” at the blobfish “Mmmmmmm” at the samgyup Or laughed at the meme That reaction was an EFFECT That was CAUSED by the pictures
- 10. ➢ Nothing happens without a reason or without some kind of consequence. ➢ When you explain WHY things happen and WHAT occurs when they do, the technique you use is called cause and effect. CAUSE is why something happened. EFFECT is the result of what happened. Because effects always have causes and causes always lead to effects, we rarely see one without the other.
- 11. ➢ The cause is the first thing that happens. ➢ It makes the second thing (the effect) happen. ➢ The part of the sentence after the word because is the cause. Example: I stayed home from school because I had the flue. REMEMBER: The cause answers that question WHY?
- 12. UNDERSTANDING CAUSE AND EFFECT RELATIONSHIP ➢ In some paragraphs, the cause-and-effect relationship is not directly stated. ➢ In these cases, you have to “read between the lines” ➢ Use clues from the paragraph to identify cause and effect relationships.
- 13. Look for effects that are also causes: ▪ Effects can form chains where one effect goes on to cause a second effect, which may then cause a third effect and so on. Example: When people pollute rivers, they destroy the habitats of fish. This reduces the number of fish that can reproduce. As a result, fewer fish are born in fresh water, and the fish population declines. Cause 1: People pollute rivers. Effect 1: The habitats of fish are destroyed. Effect 2: Fewer fish can reproduce. Effect 3: Fewer fish are born in fresh water. Effect 4: The fish population declines.
- 14. UNDERSTANDING CAUSE AND EFFECT RELATIONSHIP ➢ You use cause and effect every day when you solve problems and make decisions. ➢ As a result, understanding causes and effects is extremely important in day-to-day living. ➢ Learning to identify cause and effect relationship helps you understand what is happening in the world around you.
- 15. Clue Words for Cause These expressions indicate cause – ✓ Because… ✓ Since…. ✓ Reason…. ✓ So that… ✓ Unless…. ✓ The main reason… Let’s see how this works – As a result of his bad fall, Professor Green is wearing bandages and a cast.
- 16. Helpful Tip: Try this idea when you are not sure. When you answer a question that begins with why, try putting the word because in front of your answer choices. Then read the choices this way to help figure out the correct answer. Example: The crime rate in Mr. Leon’s neighborhood was very high Many houses had been robbed and cars vandalized. All the neighbors were upset. The mayor ordered the police to patrol the neighborhood. Within two weeks, the neighborhood’s crime rate dropped drastically. Finally, everyone felt safe again.
- 17. Why did the crime rate drop? A. All the neighbors were upset. B. Houses and cars were robbed and vandalized. C. The mayor called for added police protection. D. Everyone in the neighborhood felt safe again. Answer: C.
- 18. Clue Words for Effect These expressions indicate effect – ✓ As a result ✓ If ✓ Consequently ✓ Effect ✓ Therefore ✓ Thus
- 19. Examples of Cause and Effect in Sentences ➢ Cause and effect sentences show a clear, direct relationship between events. They show how one event or action triggers an outcome. They may also show how an effect has more than one cause, or a cause has more than one effect. ➢ Cause and effect sentences can present the cause first and follow it with the effect, or present the effect first and follow it with the cause.
- 20. 1. I ate tons of junk food, so now I feel sick. 2. I feel sick because I ate tons of junk food. These sentences have the same cause and effect presented in a different order. These sentences share the same meaning and show the same relationship. In the next five sentences, determine which comes first, the cause or the effect. 1. He lied to me, so I ended our relationship. 2. Since I was up all night with my sick child, I’m exhausted this morning. 3. She never gave up on her writing, and now she’s published a book! 4. They could finish the race because they had trained for it so diligently. 5. They gave the restaurant a critical review because their food was burnt to a crisp. In the first three sentences, the cause comes first. In sentences four and five, the effect comes first.
- 21. Cause and Effect Relationship Examples Cause and effect relationships exist in just about every subject area. History ➢ We can see the causes of local, national, or global events, and the effects of those events. We can ask, “What were the causes of World War II?” and then “What were the effects of World War II?” ➢ We can examine what caused an economic recession or depression and the effects of that crisis on society. ➢ In these cases, as with many others, there are multiple causes and multiple effects. Science ➢ In 2020, the world was hit with a global pandemic. Scientists saw the effects of the disease on people’s health and lives and began searching for the cause of the virus.
- 22. ➢ As the story goes, Sir Isaac Newton observed an effect, an apple falling from a tree. This prompted him to seek the cause of that fall—why did the apple fall down, not sideways or up? His observation of that effect led him to discover the cause: gravity. ➢ When conducting experiments, scientists perform an action (cause) to see what will happen as a result (effect). ➢ Most of us probably had to do an experiment with plants in school. We examined what happened to our two plants (effects) depending on whether we gave or withheld from them proper light and water (cause). The Natural World ➢ Nature is full of examples of cause and effect. ➢ Plants grow as a result of the sun’s heat and light. ➢ Bears hibernate so they can conserve energy and won’t require food during the winter months when food is scarce. ➢ The moon’s gravitational pull causes the ocean’s tides.
- 23. Story ➢ Narrative stories, both fiction and non-fiction, are often driven by cause and effect. ➢ In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, Gatsby bases all of his action on pleasing Daisy because he is obsessed with winning her love. Daily Life ➢ Our everyday lives are full of cause and effect experiences. ➢ As a result of studying hard, you aced your test! ➢ You called in sick because you woke up with a fever. ➢ You meet friends for drinks because it’s your birthday.
- 24. Cause and Effect Words There are words that signal a cause and effect relationship. These words can help readers recognize the cause and effect structure of a passage, making it easier to comprehend content.
- 25. Signal Words in Cause and Effect Sentences Observe how the signal words communicate the relationship in these cause and effect example sentences: 1. As a result of COVID, many high school students couldn’t experience graduation ceremonies. 2. There was a multi-car accident on the highway, so traffic was at a standstill. 3. I’ve started eating a much healthier diet. Consequently, I’ve lost weight and have more energy. 4. Thanks to my caring friends, I recovered from a difficult situation. 5. Since the weather was perfect, we spent the entire day outdoors 6. My partner got his dream job 200 miles away from where we currently live. As a result, we have to sell the home and move.
- 26. 7. His financial hardships are due to his careless spending. 8. She campaigned the hardest, therefore she won the vote. 9. The doctor’s optimism is the reason for our positive outlook. 10. Your sister is several years older than you. Accordingly, she has more responsibility and independence. TIP: ✓ Observe the sentences that start with cause signal words (As a result, Thanks to, Since). There are two clauses in those sentences and they are connected by a comma. ✓ The first clause is dependent meaning that it must be attached to an independent clause to make sense. When left alone, dependent clauses can become sentence fragments which are grammatically incorrect.
- 27. Benefits of using the cause and effect diagram template Apart from their ability to present information in an organized way, these diagrams bring in additional benefits such as: ✓ Improving brainstorming skills ✓ Boosting problem-solving abilities ✓ Displaying the multiple causes of a problem at the same time ✓ Maintaining team focus on achieving common goals
- 28. Benefits of using the cause and effect diagram template Apart from their ability to present information in an organized way, these diagrams bring in additional benefits such as: ✓ Improving brainstorming skills ✓ Boosting problem-solving abilities ✓ Displaying the multiple causes of a problem at the same time ✓ Maintaining team focus on achieving common goals