Topic 5.1 introduction to soil systems
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Soils form from the weathering of underlying rock and organic material at the earth's surface. They are composed of minerals, organic matter, water, and air. A soil profile reveals different soil horizons that form as materials are deposited and leached downward over time. The main horizons include the O horizon of fresh organic matter, the A horizon where humus accumulates and mixes with minerals, the B horizon where soluble materials are deposited, and the C horizon of underlying rock. Soil formation is influenced by climate, organisms, topography, parent materials, and time according to Jenny's factor model of soil genesis.
Topic 5.1 introduction to soil systems
- 1. Topic 5: Soil systems and terrestrial food production systems and societies 5.1: Introduction to soil systems 5.1: Introduction to soil system Part 1
- 2. Topic 5: Soil systems and terrestrial food production systems and societies 5.1: Introduction to soil systems city and resource use l System re: rt of the lithosphere life processes and soil g processes both take Soils are: The part of the lithosphere where life processes and soil forming processes both take place.
- 3. Topic 5: Soil systems and terrestrial food production systems and societies 5.1: Introduction to soil systems What is soil made from? Soils can be thought of as being made up of four main components. Mineral particles mainly from the underlying rock Organic remains that have come from the plants and animals Water within spaces between soil grains Air within the soils grains
- 4. Topic 5: Soil systems and terrestrial food production systems and societies 5.1: Introduction to soil systems Soil profile If you dig a trench in the ground, the side of the trench creates a soil profile, a cross section. This profile changes as it goes down from the surface towards the underlying base rock.
- 5. Topic 5: Soil systems and terrestrial food production systems and societies 5.1: Introduction to soil systems Organic - O Horizon Iron Pan Ash like leached A - Horizon Soil section through a river bank showing leaching Soil profile If you dig a trench in the ground, the side of the trench creates a soil profile, a cross section. This profile changes as it goes down from the surface towards the underlying base rock.
- 6. Topic 5: Soil systems and terrestrial food production systems and societies 5.1: Introduction to soil systems can be divided into HORIZONS ded organic material such as leaf litter The soil profile can be divided into HORIZONS O - newly added organic material such as leaf litter
- 7. Topic 5: Soil systems and terrestrial food production systems and societies 5.1: Introduction to soil systems n many soils humus builds up. Humus forms d organic matter and often mixed with fine The soil profile can be divided into HORIZONS A - where in many soils humus builds up. Humus forms from partially decomposed organic matter and often mixed with fine mineral particles
- 8. Topic 5: Soil systems and terrestrial food production systems and societies 5.1: Introduction to soil systems The soil profile can be divided into HORIZONS B - the layer where soluble minerals and organic matter tends to be deposited from the layer above by leaching. In particular clay and iron salts can be deposited in this horizon
- 9. Topic 5: Soil systems and terrestrial food production systems and societies 5.1: Introduction to soil systems er is mainly unaltered rock from which the The soil profile can be divided into HORIZONS C - This layer is mainly unaltered rock from which the soil forms
- 10. Topic 5: Soil systems and terrestrial food production systems and societies 5.1: Introduction to soil systems How do soils form? S = ƒ cl. o. r. p. t. . . . S = soil, cl = climate, o = organisms, r = relief (land shape, topography), p = parent material, t = time (Jenny: 1941)
- 11. Topic 5: Soil systems and terrestrial food production systems and societies 5.1: Introduction to soil systems How do soils form? S = ƒ cl. o. r. p. t. . . . Soils are a result of interactions between Climate, Organisms, Relief, Parent material and Time