Towards a new model of Energy Development
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The document outlines various aspects of energy development, including sustainable energy goals, energy efficiency strategies, and urban planning models. It emphasizes the importance of integrating renewable energy sources and energy-efficient designs in buildings to reduce emissions and consumption. Additionally, it discusses the role of data mapping in enhancing municipal planning for energy efficiency.
![Sombras y aleros
Robert y Jones [Robert E, Jones Jr. Effects of overhang shading of windows having
arbitrary azimuth. Solar Energy 1980; 24: 305-312] Desarrollan un método para
calcular las dimensiones óptimas del alero para una localización concreta.
Cuando se superan estas dimensiones, a pesar de reducirse la radiación recibida en
verano, no se compensan las pérdidas producidas en invierno debido a una reducción
del calor solar recibido.
Chase Manhattan Bank. Panamá
Arquitectos: Skidmore Owings and Merril
Reduce energy consumption
Energyefficientdesignofbuilding](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/conference-160612100342/85/Towards-a-new-model-of-Energy-Development-18-320.jpg)
Towards a new model of Energy Development
- 1. Towards a new model of Energy Development Proyectoinvestigador UN Photo/Eskinder Debebe. www.un.org/av/photo
- 2. Proyectoinvestigador CONTENTS 1- SDGs (General introduction firts and then energy + climate change goals) (10-15 mins) Joaquin/Javier 2- Sustainable Energy for All (3 main areas: Universal access to energy, renewables and energy efficiency) + Indicators for the MENA region in the 3 areas) (15-20 mins) Joaquin 3- Energy Efficiency in urban areas (New buildings, design state of the art, existing buildings, energy mapping, examples) (20 mins) Javier 4- National and Rural planning. Planning and tracking tools (15 mins) Joaquin 5- Distributed micro grids and mobile payment systems. Shared Solar (20-25 mins) Sebastian 6- Q&A (30 mins) All
- 5. EU28 Primary Energy Consumption 1990-2014 http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics- explained/index.php/File:EU28PrimaryEnergyConsumption1990_2014 .png Goals
- 6. EU28 Final energy consumption by sector, 1990-2013, ktoe http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics- explained/images/2/2e/Final_energy_consumption_by_sector%2C_EU -28%2C_1990-2013%2C_ktoe.png Goals
- 7. EU28 Final energy consumption by sector, 1990-2013, ktoe http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics- explained/images/2/2e/Final_energy_consumption_by_sector%2C_EU -28%2C_1990-2013%2C_ktoe.png Goals
- 8. Goals DECIDES that, until a global and comprehensive post- 2012 agreement is concluded, and without prejudice to its position in international negotiations, the EU makes a firm independent commitment to achieve at least a 20% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 compared to 1990. COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, Brussels, 20 February 2007 European Targets 20-20-20
- 9. Goals In the light of the positions taken by the European Parliament, the Council and the Commission, it is appropriate to establish mandatory national targets consistent with a 20 % share of energy from renewable sources and a 10 % share of energy from renewable sources in transport in Community energy consumption by 2020. DIRECTIVE 2009/28/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC European Targets 20-20-20
- 10. Goals Directive pursuing the overall objective of the energy efficiency target of saving 20 % of the Union’s primary energy consumption by 2020, and of making further energy efficiency improvements after 2020. DIRECTIVE 2012/27/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 25 October 2012 on energy efficiency, amending Directives 2009/125/EC and 2010/30/EU and repealing Directives 2004/8/EC and 2006/32/EC Bearing in mind that the Council conclusions of 10 June 2011 on the Energy Efficiency Plan 2011 stressed that buildings represent 40 % of the Union’s final energy consumption European Targets 20-20-20
- 13. Howtodoit Targets Reduce CO2 emissions Use of Renewable Energies Use better energy models Reduce energy consumption Energy efficient design of building More efficient facilities Use of Renewable Energies Strategies
- 14. The conceptual design phase of a building is the best time to integrate sustainable strategies. When these mechanisms are put into action at the very beginning of the construction phase, this reduces implementation costs as compared to when they are installed in subsequent stages of construction. (Ekici BB, Aksoy UT. Prediction of building energy needs in early stage of design by using ANFIS. Expert Systems with Applications. 2006) Energyefficientdesignofbuilding Niveles típicos de costo y dotación de personal durante el ciclo de vida del proyecto. Fuente: Handbook PMI (2008) Reduce energy consumption
- 15. Shape factor= Building length/Building depth Torre Picasso. 1988. Madrid. Aksoy and Inalli studied the relation between building orien-tation and heat demand. For this purpose, they used three models with different shape factors (1/1, 1/2 and 2/1), with and without heating insulation on the fac¸ ade. They rotated the buildings 80º, and obtained data at 10º intervals. Reduce energy consumption Energyefficientdesignofbuilding
- 16. By combining shape factor, orientation, and heating insulation, a heating energy saving rate of up to 36% was achieved (Teoman et al, 2006). Shape factor= Building length/Building depth Reduce energy consumption Energyefficientdesignofbuilding
- 17. Influencia del aislamiento Çomakli K, Yüksel B. Optimum insulation thickness of external walls for energy saving. Applied Thermal Engineering 2003; 23: 473-479. They use Net Present Value (NPV) to obtain the optimal thick insulation in facades Reduce energy consumption Energyefficientdesignofbuilding
- 18. Sombras y aleros Robert y Jones [Robert E, Jones Jr. Effects of overhang shading of windows having arbitrary azimuth. Solar Energy 1980; 24: 305-312] Desarrollan un método para calcular las dimensiones óptimas del alero para una localización concreta. Cuando se superan estas dimensiones, a pesar de reducirse la radiación recibida en verano, no se compensan las pérdidas producidas en invierno debido a una reducción del calor solar recibido. Chase Manhattan Bank. Panamá Arquitectos: Skidmore Owings and Merril Reduce energy consumption Energyefficientdesignofbuilding
- 19. Examples of self-shading buildings Capeluto, IG. Energy performance of the self-shading building envelope. Energy and Buildings 2003; 35: 327-336. An appropriate building design can cause the building to shade itself without the need of additional elements. This can be beneficial especially in the case of isolated buildings that are subject to excessive quantities of direct solar radiation. This idea led to the concept of self-shading. Temple City Hall, Arizona Banco de Israel City Hall, Boston Reduce energy consumption Energyefficientdesignofbuilding
- 20. Some examples. LED lamp Picture: http://www.acssolar.com.au/led/ A standard 50W halogen lamp turns 90% of electricity used into heat with only 10% into light. The benefit of LED Lights are that they use only 15% of the energy a standard halogen uses, provide up to 85% of the light output and create less heat. More efficient facilities Energyefficientdesignofbuilding
- 21. Some examples. Efficient household appliances Picture: http://www.turnbackthetide.ca/ More efficient facilities Energyefficientdesignofbuilding
- 22. Some examples. Use renewable energy. Biomass heating boilers Picture: http://www.clickrenovables.com/blog/calefaccion-con-biomasa-en-escuela- de-la-provincia-de-barcelona/ More efficient facilities Energyefficientdesignofbuilding
- 23. Some examples. Use renewable energy. Solar Thermal Energy Picture: http://www.inserteciberia.com/ More efficient facilities Energyefficientdesignofbuilding
- 24. Some examples. Use renewable energy. Geothermal Heating and Cooling Picture: foroenergias.blogspot.com More efficient facilities Energyefficientdesignofbuilding
- 25. How is the Energy Consumption Energy Models State of the art of the different approaches applicable to energy consumption modeling Energymodels Use better energy models
- 26. Classification approach 1. Classification depending on the relative position of building sector: top- down and bottom-up models 2. Classification depending on the detail of the information required: white, black and grey methods 3. Classification depending on the energy data acquisition approach Review of selected realizations & results 1. R&D on white-box / physical / forward models 2. R&D on black-box / statistical / inverse models 3. .3. R&D on grey box / hybrid models 4. R&D on occupancy models 26 Use better energy models Energymodels
- 27. Classification on energy consumption models can be based on several criteria: • Relative position of building sector Top-down models analyse global energy consumption data to characterize the residential sector consumption globally Bottom-up models estimate the energy consumption of a housing individually and extrapolated to regional or national levels Energymodels
- 28. Classification on energy consumption models can be based on several criteria: • Detail of the information required White box: also called physical models. The physical phenomenon existing in the building are solved by a set of equations describing the behavior of the heat transfer. A deep level of detail of the description of the building geometry and material properties is required to run the model Black box: based on the implementation of a function deduced only from samples of training data describing the behavior of a specific system Grey box: combine white and black models. represent a balance between the good generalization capability of white model and high accuracy of black models Energymodels
- 29. Classification on energy consumption models can be based on several criteria: • Energy data acquisition approach Energymodels
- 30. Bill-based approach: • Measurement-based quantification approach • Cost-effective and easily applicable • The results are more general than in others methodologies • It needs of collecting fuel bills from building manager • For a more detailed assessment, an energy disaggregation methods is necessary to obtain energy consumption by end use • Load consumption of each consumer can not be directly identified • Not enough for an energy performance assessment • More difficult for implementing innovation approaches Energymodels
- 31. Monitoring-based approach: • It provides more accurate and detailed energy use information • It provides such accuracy and detail • It needs of sophisticated metering systems or platforms to collect data • It is more difficult to implement • It is less difficult to extrapolate to other environments • Innovation is higher in this method • Long monitoring term is necessary to collect enough data for building a model Energymodels
- 32. Dynamic simulations: • Dynamic methods capture building and system dynamics resulting into calculation complexity often implemented through detailed simulation • Based on physical principles • Calculation-based methods • It is the method that provides the most detailed results • More complex than the others • It needs an important development effort and high granularity of inputs • Very specific to a certain Building, but adaptable to others Energymodels
- 33. 33 Use of energy mapping tools to help municipal governments and utilities make better plans for energy efficiency and conservation. Energymodels
- 34. 34 Modi Research Group Creates Map of Energy Use in NYC http://sel.columbia.edu/nycenergy/ Energymodels
- 35. Mr. Antonio Bueno (from City Town of Motril) and LIDS (UGR) Creates Map of Social Data, Water Supply and Energy in the City of Motril (Granada) Energymodels
- 36. DATA Mapping. • Social data: population, age, number of members of the family, etc • Water consumption. Data base of watter supply company (water bills of the consumers) • Electricity (Database. Smart metering of the electricity supply company) • Gas consumption. Database of gas supply company (water bills of the consumers) Energymodels Orden Ministerial ITC/3860/2007. Mandatory before 31th December, 2018
- 37. Energymodels Sample of results: Buildings where people older 65 years live
- 38. Energymodels Sample of results: Water consumption
- 39. Energymodels Sample of results: Buildings wher water consumption is zero
- 40. SIN CONSUMO ANUAL CON EMPADRONADOS Energymodels Sample of results: Buildings wher water consumption is zero but there are people living acoording the census. Could there be froud.
- 41. Energymodels Sample of results: Electricity consumption