Transactional Analysis in Organizational Developement
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The document discusses organizational development (OD) and transactional analysis (TA), outlining the need for organizational change (OC) and effective management structures. It describes processes, key theories, core values, and communication significance in OD, along with TA’s psychological framework for understanding interpersonal behaviors through ego states and transactions. Additionally, it covers various analytical models and phases relevant to both OD and TA.
Transactional Analysis in Organizational Developement
- 1. Organizational Development(OD) Techniques – Transactional Analysis(TA) Presented by, Mohammed Ruzal MBA-PT(2017-2020)
- 2. Agenda ▪ Intro - Organizational Change (OC) and OD ▪ OD and TA ▪ TA ▪ References ▪ Questions 2
- 3. Need for OC and OD – Organizational Need Hierarchy 3 Organizational Effectiveness Business Image Reputation Security Market Survival
- 4. Organizational Change (OC) ▪ Reviewing & modifying management structures and business processes. ▪ Also known as reorganization, restructuring and turnaround. 4
- 5. External • Competition • Tech. Advancements • Globalization • Govt Policies • Workforce Diversity Internal • Leadership Changes • Changes in Expectations • HR • Managerial decisions OC - Change Agents 5
- 6. OC – Process – Lewin’s 3 Step Change Model 6 Status- Quo Desired Level Time Restraining Forces Driving 1. Unfreezing 3. Refreezing
- 7. OC – Process – Kotter’s 8 Step Plan 7 1.Initi ation Motiv ation Diagno sis Info. Com mn. Deliber ation Action Propos al Imple mentat ion 8. Sta bili zati on ~Unfreezing ~Movement ~Refreezing
- 8. Organizational Development (OD) ▪ Planned Effort initiated by process specialist(s) to help an organization to develop its diagnostic skills, coping capabilities, linkage strategies and a culture of mutuality. 8
- 9. OD – Core Values 1. Respect for People 2. Trust and Mutual Support 3. Power Equalization 4. Confrontation 5. Participation 9
- 10. OD – Phases 10
- 11. 11 1. Commitment from Top 2. Strong Link-pins 3. Willingness and Resources 4. Involvement of External Consultant 5. Strong Internal Resources 6. Open and Consistent Communication OD – Conditions for Success
- 12. 12 Significance of Communication in OD 1. Evaluation of change in org. effectiveness 2. Reduced lead time in recognizing performance issues 3. Early detection of Innovative Changes 4. External Consultant effectiveness 5. Easy sharing of strategies, alternate solutions etc. 6. Team Building
- 13. 13 Transactional Analysis - TA • Social Psychology Theory developed by Dr. Eric Berne • Psycho-Analytic process where inter-personal behaviors are studied. • Transaction – Unit of Social associations – Consist of Transactional Stimulus (TS) from Agent and Transactional Response (TR) by Respondent.
- 14. TA Theory Overview – 1/3 ▪ How people are structured psychologically ▪ People can change and right to be accepted ▪ Mapped Interpersonal Interactions to 3 Ego States ▪ Transactions - Interpersonal interactions in current state ▪ Games – Repeated transaction patterns 14
- 15. TA Theory Overview – 2/3 ▪ Transactional Stimulus(TS) – When 2 or more persons transacts one will Initiate Transaction(Agent) and other will Acknowledges(Respondent) ▪ Transactional Response(TR) – Response from Respondent towards Stimulus from Agent. 15 TS TR
- 16. TA Theory Overview - Components – 3/3 ▪ Structural Analysis – Structure of Personality in terms of 3 Ego states ▪ Interaction Analysis – Dynamics of Interpersonal Transactions using Ego states ▪ Life Position Analysis – Four Positions Individuals adopt in their transactions ▪ Games Analysis – Ulterior Transactions leading to Pay off 16
- 17. Structural Analysis - Ego States / PAC Model ▪ Consistent pattern of feeling & experience directly related to a corresponding consistent pattern of behaviour ▪ 3 Ego States – Parent – Adult – Child 17
- 18. Parent - Ego States ▪ Copied from Parents or Significant others ▪ Mix of Nurturing Parent and Controlling/Critical Parent ▪ Examples : – Never talk to strangers (Fault finding, Criticize, Punishing) – He is very smart and humble (Loving, Nurturing, Sympathetic) 18
- 19. Adult - Ego States ▪ Direct Response – Spontaneous and Aware ▪ Objective appraisal of Reality. No values and emotions ▪ Examples : – I should really keep out of that hot stove as my brother got burnt when went near it. 19
- 20. Child - Ego States ▪ Copied from own childhood or others childhood ▪ Natural Child – Adopted from own-Fun loving, spontaneous ▪ Adapted Child – From others – Flexible, seeks authority ▪ Rebellious Child – Manipulative, self centered & demanding ▪ Examples : – The monster I saw was pretty scary. 20
- 21. Ego States - Overview 21
- 22. Interaction Analysis ▪ Process of analyzing personality in terms of ego states ▪ 3 Types of Transactions – Complementary/ Straight – TR from same ego state of Respondent as intended by Agent – Cross – TR from different ego state compared to Agent intended – Covert/ Ulterior – TR is from an ulterior ego state of Respondent, but as intended by Agent 22
- 23. Complementary Transactions ▪ Transactional Vectors are parallel – TR from Intended state ▪ Puzzle: Identify Transactional Vectors in given Boss- Employee scenario 23
- 24. Crossed Transactions ▪ Transactional Vectors are Crossed – TR from Unintended state ▪ Communication Disrupts and stops 24
- 25. Covert Transactions ▪ Complex messages – Two Target Ego States ▪ Overt TS (Open and Expressed) containing a Covert Message ▪ Overt message is Social while Covert Message is Psychological (judged using Body Language of Agent) 25
- 26. Covert Transaction – Sample – 1/3 26 1. Boss : What’s the date today? •Overt – Social and Open enquiry •A toA
- 27. Covert Transaction – Sample – 2/3 27 2. Boss :You missed report dead line!!! •Covert– Psychological and conveyed using Body language •Intended to Remind •P to C
- 28. Covert Transaction – Sample – 3/3 28 3. Employee : Sir, will send tomorrow itself •Overt – Open and against IntendedTS •C to P
- 29. Life Position Analysis ▪ Deeply ingrained Convictions about self worth and worth of others ▪ Understanding style of working ▪ 4 Categories of Life Positions – I’m Ok, you’re Ok – Healthy Position – I’m Ok, you’re not Ok – Paranoid Position – I’m not Ok, you’re Ok – Depressive Position – I’m not Ok, you’re not Ok – Futility Position 29
- 30. Life Position Quadrant I am Not OK I am OK `You’re Not OK Avoidant – Futility Life Position Bossy – Paranoid Position `You’re OK Diffident – Depressive Position Competent – Healthy Position 30
- 31. Games Analysis ▪ Socially Dysfunctional Behavioral Patterns – Recurring Series of Covert Transactions ▪ Structure: Beginning > Middle > End > Pay off ▪ 6 Phases: C + G = R > S > X > P Con Gimmick Response Switch Cross Up 31
- 32. Games Analysis ▪ Agent starts game by issuing a Con – Covert Invite to Respondent to join in playing game ▪ Agent will reveal his/her Gimmick – Weakness or Need which emphasize Con and make Respondent join the game ▪ Response against Con supported with Gimmick ▪ Following a series of Transactions Agent suddenly makes a Switch – Shift of views ▪ Cross Up - Confusion following Switch ▪ Pay Off Collection 32
- 33. Games Eg: - YDYB – Why Don’t You, Yes But 33
- 34. References 1. Organisational Behaviour – Stephen Robbins 2. Understanding Org. Behavior – Udai Pareek 3. OD: The Role of Commn. in Diagnosis, Change And Evaluation by Tony Hain and Stewart L. Tubbs 34
- 35. Questions 35
- 36. 36