Tuberculosis: a brief Introduction about Tb
- 2. Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs but can also impact other organs like the brain, kidneys, and spine (Extra Pulmonary TB).
- 3. Introduction …2 TB spreads through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. While many people carry the bacteria without symptoms (latent TB), active TB disease can cause severe symptoms such as persistent cough, fever, weight loss, and night sweats. It remains a major public health concern worldwide.
- 4. History of Tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB) has been present for thousands of years, with evidence found in Egyptian mummies dating back to ~2400 BC. Ancient Ayurvedic texts like the Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita also describe TB-like symptoms. In the 18th and 19th centuries, it was commonly referred to as "consumption" due to its characteristic wasting effects.
- 5. History of Tuberculosis Scientific recognition of TB as an infectious disease gained prominence during the British colonial era when it was identified as a major cause of death. A breakthrough came in 1882 when Robert Koch discovered Mycobacterium tuberculosis, establishing its bacterial origin. The introduction of Streptomycin and Isoniazid in the 1940s and 1950s revolutionized TB treatment, marking a significant advancement in disease management.
- 6. Problem Statement - Globally According to the World Health Organization's Global Tuberculosis Report 2024: Incidence and Case Notifications: Approximately 8.2 million new and relapse TB cases were diagnosed and notified in 2023. Mortality: TB-related deaths were 1.25 million. Geographical Distribution: The African, South-East Asia, and Western Pacific regions collectively accounted for almost 90% of total TB notifications, with nearly half in the South-East Asia Region alone.
- 7. Problem Statement - India According to the India TB Report 2023, released by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW): Incidence and Case Notifications: In 2022, India reported over 2.1 million total TB cases (27% of the global TB burden). Mortality: TB-related deaths were 22 per 100,000 in 2023.
- 8. 1962 1997 2005-11 2012-17 2020 NTEP EVOLUTION 2017-25 Govt. of India launched the National TB Program and set up District TB Centres GoI revised NTP to RNTCP – introduction of DOTS Second phase of RNTCP – Pan India coverage and improved quality and scale up of services National Strategic Plan (2012 - 17) - mandatory notification of TB, rapid molecular testing, active case finding and integration of the program with National Health Mission In January 2020, GoI revised RNTCP to National TB Elimination Program (NTEP) NSP (2017 – 25) – patient centric care for TB elimination 2021 TB Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan
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