Tuberculosis Lecture 3.pptx (Tuberculosis a brief Introduction)
- 2. Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs but can also impact other organs like the brain, kidneys, and spine (Extra Pulmonary TB). TB spreads through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. While many people carry the bacteria without symptoms (latent TB), active TB disease can cause severe symptoms such as persistent cough, fever, weight loss, and night sweats. It remains a major public health concern worldwide.
- 3. TB DISEASE Untreated TB case can transmit disease to at least 10-15 people in a year Contacts of an active case are at 10 to 60 times higher risk of developing the disease
- 4. Some Definitions Presumptive TB Case: An individual who presents with symptoms or signs suggestive of TB, such as a persistent cough lasting two weeks or more, unexplained weight loss, fever, or night sweats.
- 5. Some Definitions Microbiologically Confirmed TB Case: A presumptive TB patient whose biological specimen tests positive for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) through smear microscopy, or shows Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth on culture, or tests positive using a rapid molecular test like Cartridge-Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (CBNAAT).
- 6. Some Definitions Clinically Diagnosed TB Case: A patient not confirmed microbiologically but diagnosed with active TB by a clinician based on clinical signs, radiological evidence (e.g., chest X-ray), or other relevant investigations.
- 7. Some Definitions 1. DS-TB: Drug-sensitive tuberculosis 2. DR-TB: Drug-resistant tuberculosis 3. Multidrug-Resistant TB (MDR-TB): TB caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to at least both isoniazid and rifampicin. 4. Extensively Drug-Resistant TB (XDR-TB): MDR-TB strains that are also resistant to any fluoroquinolone and at least one of the second-line injectable drugs (amikacin, kanamycin, or capreomycin). 5. UDST: Universal Drug-Susceptibility Testing
- 8. Public Health Action at Health Facility Level Mandatory action at Health Facility Level
- 9. Mandatory action at community level
- 10. Thank you