Tubing string
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Production tubing is installed in oil and gas wells to allow hydrocarbons to flow from the reservoir to the surface while protecting the casing from reservoir fluids. Tubing is specified based on its size, length, grade, and connection type. Common tubing sizes range from 2-3/8" to 4-1/2" in diameter. Tubing joints are typically 20-48 feet in length. Tubing grade depends on the application and is chosen based on strength, corrosion resistance, and availability. Connections can be either upset or non-upset threaded types.
Tubing string
- 1. Production Tubing D o w n h o l e E q u i p m e n t Eng. El Sayed Amer 10
- 2. Eng. El Sayed Amer 10 Tubing applications • Production tubing is installed to allow hydrocarbons to flow from reservoir to the surface and protect the casing from reservoir fluid. • production tubing generally averages 28-32 feet in length.
- 3. Eng. El Sayed Amer 10 Tubing applications Tubing is “typed” according to four criteria. I. Size : Refers to the outside diameter (in inches or millimeters) or the tube body itself. Tubing is available in various external diameters. API recognized sizes for production tubing vary from 3/4 inch to 4 1/2 inch. II. Weight: An average given in pounds/foot of kilograms/meter. Tubing is available in various weights for each particular size. III. Grade: Term used to describe the type of metal alloy of which the pipe is made. J- 55, N-80, P-105. IV. Thread: Design of the connection on either end of the pipe
- 4. Eng. El Sayed Amer 10 Tubing applications Tubing is “typed” according to four criteria. I. Size: is the outside diameter of the pipe body. The most used sizes are: 2-⅜” , 2-⅞” , 3-½” and 4-½”.
- 5. Eng. El Sayed Amer YIELD STRENGTH ksi GRADE Minimum Maximum HEAT TREATMENT* TYPICAL HARDNESS (Rockwell) J-55 (Tubing) 55 80 - - K-55 (Casing) 55 80 - - C-75 75 90 N&T, Q&T 14-26 L-80 80 95 Q&T 23 max. N-80 80 110 N,N&T,Q&T 16-25 C-95 95 110 Q&T 18-25 P-105 (Tubing) 105 135 Q&T 25-32 P-110 (Casing) 110 140 Q&T 27-35 * Heat treatments as follows: N = Normalised N&T = Normalised and Tempered Q&T = Quenched and Tempered. Yield Strengths
- 6. Eng. El Sayed Amer 10 Tubing applications Tubing is “typed” according to four criteria. II. Length: Tubulars are manufactured in lengths termed joints ✓ range 1 : 20 to 24 feet; ✓ range 2 : 28 to 32 feet; ✓ range 3 : 32 to 48 feet Pup joints or spacers are used for shorter lengths. Tubing Ranges Range 1 (feet) Range 2 (feet) Range 3 (feet) 20-24 28-32 38-42
- 7. Eng. El Sayed Amer 10 Tubing applications
- 8. Eng. El Sayed Amer 134 PUP JOINTS Pup joints are short tubing joints that give flexibility in attaining a desired tubing length
- 9. Eng. El Sayed Amer 10 Tubing applications Tubing is “typed” according to four criteria. III. Grade: Tubing grades criteria are specified by API: • Standard API grades J-55, C-75, C-95, N-80, P-105 • Special grades e.g., C-75 and C-95 for H2S service Selection of tubing grade is based on: • Physical strength • Chemical Properties (resistance to H2S, CO2, water etc.) • Availability and standardization at customer • Cost
- 10. Eng. El Sayed Amer 10 Tubing applications Tubing is “typed” according to four criteria. III. Grade: • Sour Corrosion: resistance to H2S, low hardness, stress relieved, J55, C75, C95. • Sweet Corrosion: CO2, provisions for inhibition or appropriate material selection, L80 13 Cr
- 11. Eng. El Sayed Amer 10 Tubing applications Tubing is “typed” according to four criteria. III. Connections: Two standard API Connections available: 1. Non-Upset (NUE): • is a 10 round thread. • Joint strength<Pipe body 2. Upset Connection (EUE) • Is a 8 round thread. • Joint strength>pipe body
- 12. Eng. El Sayed Amer There are two types of thread connection, API and Premium: • Premium connections are proprietary connections that offer premium features not available on API connections. • Most offer a metal-to-metal seal for improved high pressure seal integrity. • Premium connections exist with features such as flush connections, recess free bores, and special clearance. • An example of a premium thread is shown in the following fig: III.Connections:
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- 14. Eng. El Sayed Amer 140 Non-upset (8 round) Connection External Upset Connection EUE Integral Connection Hydril Integral Connection Production Tubing connections
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- 22. Eng. El Sayed Amer 148 Production Tubing Design of production tubing should satisfy the following criteria: • Minimizing pressure drop 01 02 03 04 • High strength for suspension of tubing joints • High internal pressures for fluids flow • High external pressures (between annulus & tubing) 05 • Resistant to chemical corrosion
- 23. Eng. El Sayed Amer 149 Tubing Connection Make up Torque I. Under torque ------------------ leakage II.Over torque ------------------thread failure & damage to seal I. Recommended torque values are applied by manufactures .
- 24. Eng. El Sayed Amer 150 Tubing Color Codes