types of canal
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This document discusses different types and classifications of canals used for irrigation. Canals are classified in several ways, including by their source of water (permanent, non-perennial, inundation), function (feeder, carrier, distribution, hydel, navigation), size and importance in a network (main, branch, major/minor distributors, water courses), alignment (ridge, contour, side slope), financial role (protective, productive), soil type traversed (alluvial, non-alluvial), and whether they have lining or not (lined, unlined). The key purpose of canals is to transport water from its source to irrigate agricultural lands.
types of canal
- 5. Contents: Irrigation canal Canal irrigation system Classification of canal a) Classification based on nature of source of supply b) Classification based on the function of the canal c) Classification based on discharge and relative importance in a given network of canals
- 6. Contents: d) Classification based on canal alignment e) Classification based on financial output f) Classification based on the soil through which constructed g) Classification based on the lining being provided or not
- 10. Classification of Canals a) Classification based on nature of source of supply b) Classification based on the function of the canal c) Classification based on discharge and relative importance in a given network of canals d) Classification based on canal alignment e) Classification based on financial output f) Classification based on the soil through which constructed g) Classification based on the lining being provided or not
- 11. Classification based on nature of source of supply: i. Permanent canals: is the one which is fed by a permanent source of supply. Perennial canals: which get continuous supply from the source through out the year. Non-perennial canals: which get supplies only for a part of the year. ii. Inundation canals: which gets its supplies only when the water level in the river rises during flood.
- 12. Classification based on the function of the canal i. Feeder canals: Its function is to feed two or more canals and its also called link canal. ii.Carrier canals: It is a canal which carries water either from the headwork's or from the feeder canal up to the distribution canal network and also does irrigation.
- 13. Carrier Canal :
- 15. Classification based on the function of the canal Distribution canals: It is a canal composed of distributaries and minors which have direct outlets to the fields. Hydel canals: It is a canal on which power houses are set up for hydel power generation. Navigation canals: It is a canal which is primarily used for transportation by water. Multipurpose Canal:
- 16. Hydel Canal:
- 18. Classification based on discharge and relative importance in a given network of canals: i. Main canal: Main canals takes off water directly from the upstream side of weir headwork's or dam . Usually no cultivation direct to proposed. ii. Branch canal: To supply the water to major and minor distributaries. Its discharge is 14-15 cumecs.
- 19. Classification based on discharge and relative importance in a given network of canals: iii. Major distributor: The major canal take water from Branch canal and feed the water to minor distributaries or used for direct irrigation and hence they supply water through outlets to water courses. The head discharge is 0.25 to 15 cumecs
- 20. Classification based on discharge and relative importance in a given network of canals: iv. Minor distributor: The minor canal take water from major distributaries or Branch canal. Its discharge is less than 0.25 cumecs. v. Water course or field channel: water courses are small channels which carry water from the outlets of major & minor distributaries.
- 21. Classification based on canal alignment
- 22. Ridge canal or watershed canal: The dividing ridge line between the catchment areas of two streams is called the watershed. Thus, between two major streams, there is the main watershed, which divides the drainage area of the two streams.
- 23. Ridge canal It is suitable for plain areas, where slopes are relatively flat and uniform. The canal which is aligned along any natural watershed is called watershed canal. This type alignment ensures gravity irrigation on both sides of the canal. However , the main canal has to take off from the river and it must mount the watershed in as short a distance as possible .
- 24. Ridge Canal
- 25. contour canals This is widely used method for alignment of canals. The ridge line method is not found economical in hill areas. In hills, the river flows in the valley well below the watershed. In fact, the ridge line may be hundreds of meters above the river, so it is impossible to take the canal on top of such a higher ridge line. In such conditions contour canals are usually constructed. Contour channels follow a contour except for giving the required longitudinal slope to the canal
- 26. Side slope canal It is a canal which is aligned at right angles to the contours. Since such canal runs parallel to the natural drainage flow, it usually doesn’t intercept drainage channels. Thus, avoiding the construction of cross drainage structures.
- 28. Classification based on financial output Protective canals Productive canals
- 30. Classification based on the soil through which constructed i. Alluvial canals ii. Non-alluvial canals Alluvial and Non-Alluvial Canal. • The soil which is formed by transportation and deposition of silt through the agency of water, over a course of time, is called the alluvial soil. • The canals when excavated through such soils are called alluvial canals.
- 31. Alluvial & Non Alluvial Canal
- 33. Classification based on the lining being provided or not i. Unlined canals ii. Lined canals An open channel may be rigid boundary (lined) or mobile boundary (unlined) section. Unlined channels lose a substantial part of the usable water through seepage. ...Canals are lined for slowing the seepage loss. A perfect lining would prevent all the seepage loss, but canal lining deteriorates with time.
- 34. Lined Canal
- 35. Unlined Canals
- 36. Conclusion : An open canal, channel, or ditch, is an open waterway whose purpose is to carry water from one place to another. Channels and canals refer to main waterways supplying water to one or more farms. Field ditches have smaller dimensions and convey water from the farm entrance to the irrigated fields.
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