Types of Computers
- 1. Introduction to Computing Systems Types of Computers
- 2. Department of Metallurgy & Material Engineering Group Members: – Hamza Khan (325) – Ammar Ishaq (327) – Asad Jamil (335) – Ahmer Ejaz (336)
- 3. What is computer? ▪ Electronic Device ▪ Works with different kind of Information and Data ▪ In simple words – We give Input – Computer process that Input – Do certain Operations – Gives us required Output
- 4. History of Computers ▪ Starts from Abacus – A simple calculating device – Made of beads and wires – Can perform +,-,x, ÷ ▪ Analytical Engine – Charles Babbage’s invention – Father of Computers – Had a Input, Memory & Output – Huge Size reduced its efficiency
- 5. A Historical Dispute between ABC and ENIAC Atanasoff Berry Computer (ABC) ▪ Claimed to be a first Digital computer ▪ Professor Atanasoff and his student Cliff Berry ▪ Atanasoff a Mathematician and Berry a Electrical Engineer ▪ High speed circuital Calculating Device ENIAC by Eckert & Mauchly ▪ Claimed to be a first Digital Computer ▪ Presper Eckert and John Mauchly ▪ Worked on Vacum tubes ▪ First large and general purpose computer to be made operational
- 6. Judicial Inquiry of Dispute ▪ Both Atanasoff-Berry and Eckert-Mauchly claimed that their computer was the first Digital Computing Device ▪ Professor Atanasoff gave an application for judicial inquiry about the dispute ▪ Mauchly’s and Atanasoff’s represented their views in the judicial trial ▪ Trial started on 1 June 1971 consumed 135 days till the judges approached their decision ▪ Atanasoff-Berry Computer won this trial over ENIAC ▪ In judges opinion, ENIAC’s invention was based on the Ideas of Professor DR-Atanasoff ‘s and Cliff Berry’s Computer
- 7. Rest of the History ▪ TRADIC, a 1st Computer made of Transistors ▪ IBM 704, 1st Commercially Available Computer ▪ Livermore Atomic Research Computer, 1st Supercomputer ▪ PDP-1, 1st Minicomputer ▪ INTEL 4004, 1st Computer made of Microprocessors ▪ IBM PC, a 1st Personal Computer ▪ INTEL’s Pentium Microprocessor, 1st Fifth Generation Computer ▪ Sun Ultra Workstation, can run various Operating Systems
- 8. Types of computers For Single User ▪ Desktop Computers ▪ Workstations ▪ Notebook Computers ▪ Tablet Computers ▪ Handheld Computers ▪ Smart Phones For Several Users ▪ Supercomputers ▪ Mainframe Computers ▪ Minicomputers ▪ Microcomputers
- 9. For Individual Users Desktop Computers •Commonly Used PC •Do jobs with Greater Ease •High Efficiency •Two Orientations •Vertically Oriented •Horizontally Oriented •Used in Schools, Offices, Homes etc
- 10. Workstations •More Features •Popular amongst Engineers, Scientists etc •Perform Sophisticated Tasks •Large and High Resolution Monitors •Accelerated Graphics- Handling Capabilities •Greater Speed •More Power then Desktop Computers
- 11. Notebook •Battery or AC Powered PC •Easily Transportable •Conveniently Used •Also Known as Laptop •Weigh less then 5 pounds •3 inches or less in Thickness •More Costly then Desktop Computers
- 12. Tablet Computers •Flat Mobile Computer •Touch Screen Display •Rechargeable Battery •Consists of Sensors •Digital Cameras •Built in Microphone and Accelerometer •Have Virtual Keyboard •Easily Transportable •At least 7 Inches Screen
- 13. Handheld Computers •Also known as Mobile Device •Small Computing Device •Have Operating System •Built in Apps & can be installed •Alphanumeric Keyboard & Touch Screen Virtual Keyboard •Have Internet Facility •Wi-Fi & GPS Tracking •Rechargeable Lithium Battery •Integrated Cameras
- 14. Smartphone •Commonly known as Mobile Phone •Have Different Apps •GPS Navigations •Fast Communication •Wi-Fi and Mobile Data •Media Player, Video Games etc •Onscreen Icons •Pocket Sized •Digital Cameras •Motion Sensors •Most Popular
- 15. For Multiple Users Supercomputers •High Level Computing Performance •Performance is measured in FLOPS (floating point operations/sec) •Can perform Quadrillions FLOPS •Introduced in 1960 by Cray Research Company •Used in Weather Forecasting, NASA’s Interstellar Operations, Climate Research etc •Most Popular Uses are Spacecraft Aerodynamics, Nuclear Weapons Detonations and Nuclear Fission •FLOPS are used instead of MIPS
- 16. World’s Fastest Supercomputer The Chinese Sunway Taihulight •LINPACK Benchmark Determines the Performance Speed •Speed is determined in FLOPS (floating points operations/sec) •Has the Speed of 93 PFLOPS (PFLOPS mean PETA FLOPS) •93 PETA FLOPS means 93×10^15 FLOPS •Exceeding the Previous Record Holder Tianhe-2 by 59 PFLOPS •1st Chinese Computer to Enter Top-500 without using American Hardware
- 17. Mainframe Computer •Used in Large Organizations •For Critical Applications •Capable of Supporting Thousands of Users Simultaneously •Process Very Large Amount of Data •High Speed •Large Size •Large Storage •Operate in Various Operating Systems •Used as ATM’s, Banking Machines etc
- 18. The IBM-Z13 World’s Fastest & Securest Mainframe •Handles Explosive Growth of Clients •Process Vast Amount of DATA •Massive Memory •2.5 Billions Transactions Per Day •Makes Protected and Auditable Transactions •17 Times Faster •3 Times More Memory •Fast Response Time •Commercially Available
- 19. Minicomputers •Smaller Computers •Less Costly then Mainframe •Capable of Running Programs with High Level Language •Support Languages like FORTRAN, BASIC •PDP-1, 1st Minicomputer •Capabilities of Large Computers in Smaller Size •Falls in Space between Mainframe & Microcomputers •Power More then Microcomputer but Less then Mainframe Computer
- 20. The Fastest Minicomputer IStick A300 Series •1.6 GHz Quad Core Processor •Hard Drive Up to 512 GB •Total 4 Ports •USB Port, Audio Jack Port, Card Slot, Ethernet Port •USB Camera Supported •Bluetooth 4.0 •Built in Battery •Active Cooling System •Zero Noise •32-Bit Colour •Price $500 OR 60 Thousands Rs Approximately
- 21. Microcomputer •Smaller in Size •Inexpensive •Microprocessor as its CPU •Minimal Input/output Circuitry •Have a Memory •Smaller then Mainframe & Minicomputers •Equipped with Keyboard •A Screen for Display •Became Popular in 1970s and 1980s
- 22. The Computers of the Future ▪ Scientists & Engineers are currently working on the two future technologies that will enable computers to become faster, reliable, easily transportable etc ▪ Quantum Computers – Computers made by principles of Quantum Mechanics will be much faster then any other Personal Computers – Large amount of data will be processed and stored – Accelerated Graphics – Uses Qubits instead of Bits
- 23. The Computers of Future ▪ Nanotechnology Based Computers – Capable of working in Extreme Climate – Will have Medical, Environmental, Scientific Uses – Enable Faster Communications – Beneficial for Industrial Purposes