Types of personality tests
- 2. Personality The relatively stable and distinctive patterns of behavior that characterizes an individual and his or her reactions to the environment. Personality tests An attempt to measure personality traits, states, types, and other aspects of personality (such as self concept). Emotional intelligence test Self concept inventory The big five inventory Keirsey temperament sorter etc
- 3. Introduction The first personality tests were developed in 1920s and were intended to ease the process of personnel selection, particularly in the armed forces. Since these early efforts of these test, a wide variety of personality tests have been developed like MBTI, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Personality tests have become an industry and are used in a range of contexts, including individual and relationship counseling, career planning, employee selection and development, and customer interaction management.
- 4. Big Five personality dimensions Openness to Experience (intellect, imagination, curiosity, creativity) Conscientiousness (order, duty, deliberation, self-discipline) Extraversion (sociability, assertiveness, activity, positive emotions) Agreeableness (trust, nurturance, kindness, cooperation) Neuroticism (anxiety, depression, moodiness,vulnerability to stress)
- 5. Internal and External Locus of Control
- 6. Type and Trait Approaches Describe Behavioral Dispositions “Personality Types” are distinct categories into which we place people. Personality “traits” are dispositional: they predispose persons to behave, think, and feel in enduring patterns across situations
- 7. Occupational Personality Types By Holland
- 8. HOLLAND’S THEORY Classification of Personalities ◦ Realistic Manual and mechanical competencies and interaction with machines, tools and objects. ◦ Investigative Analytical, technical, scientific, and verbal competencies. ◦ Artistic Innovation or creative ability. ◦ Social Interpersonal competencies and skill in treating, healing or teaching others. ◦ Enterprising Skills in the persuasion and manipulation of other people. ◦ Conventional Clerical skills or skills in meeting precise standards for performance.
- 9. Example of Personality Type
- 10. A Little Exercise See in class!
- 11. TRAIT THEORIES
- 12. Interpreting the Briggs-Myer Extraversion: sociability, energized by people, lonely when alone (75%) Sensation: practical, trusts facts; learns through ex-perience; wants to deal with what’s real Thinking: prefers the objective, logical, analytical Judging: prefers closure, wants deadlines, feels more comfortable once a decision has been made. Intraversion: territorial, enjoys being alone, private, drained by people (25%) Intuition: innovative, fantasizes; future more attractive than the present Feeling: prefers the subjective, personal, values Perceiving: resists closure, wants more & more data; values the open-ended; pressure to decide stressful
- 13. Scoring the Briggs-Myers See in class!
- 14. Assessment of Personality Objective Tests of Personality Projective Tests of Personality Evaluation of Projective Tests
- 15. Objective Tests of Personality Objective personality tests measure personality in a multiple choice or a true or false format ◦ Allows for objective scoring of the test ◦ MMPI
- 16. Projective Tests of Personality Projective tests unstructured personality measures in which a person is shown a series of ambiguous stimuli, such as pictures, inkblots, or incomplete drawings. ◦ Rorschach Inkblot Test ◦ The Thematic Apperception Test
- 17. Projective Tests Psychological tests that use ambiguous or unstructured stimuli; person needs to describe the ambiguous stimuli or make up stories about them. Rorschach Technique: Developed by Swiss psychologist Hermann Rorschach; contains 10 standardized inkblots (the “inkblot” test). Thematic Apperception Test (TAT): Developed by Henry Murray, personality theorist; projective device consisting of 20 drawings (black and white) of various situations; people must make up stories about the people in it.
- 18. Projective Tests of Personality An Inkblot Similar to One of the Blots that Appear in the Rorschach Inkblot Test
- 20. More blots
- 23. Evaluation of Projective Tests Although these are widely used but they have low reliability and validity It is assumed that one will project aspects of their personalities into their responses.
- 24. Personality Assessment Interview: Face-to-face meeting designed to gain information about someone’s personality, current psychological state, or personal history ◦ Unstructured Interview: Conversation is informal, and topics are discussed as they arise ◦ Structured Interview: Follows a prearranged plan, using a series of planned questions Halo Effect: Tendency to generalize a favorable or unfavorable first impression to an entire personality (make a good first impression) Direct Observation: Looking at behavior
- 25. Other Types of Personality Assessments Behavioral Assessment: Recording the frequency of specific behaviors Situational Test: Real life situations are simulated so that someone’s spontaneous reactions can be recorded