Types of supports in structures
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This document discusses three common types of supports in structures: roller supports, fixed supports, and pinned supports. Roller supports can resist vertical forces but not horizontal forces. Fixed supports are the most rigid and constrain movement in all directions. Pinned supports allow rotation but not translation, similar to a hinge. Each type has different applications and limitations depending on the structural needs.
Types of supports in structures
- 1. Name : Ahmed Gamal Gouda Gaballah ID : 20141178 Group : 2 Eng : Mohamed Fahmy About : Types of supports in structures
- 2. Types of Supports:- 1-Roller Supports:- can resist a vertical force but not a horizontal force. A roller support or connection is free to move horizontally as there is nothing constraining it. Application: The most common use of a roller support is in a bridge. In civil engineering, a bridge will typically contain a roller support at one end to account for vertical displacement and expansion from changes in temperature. This is required to prevent the expansion causing damage to a pinned support. Limitations: This type of support does not resist any horizontal forces. This obviously has limitations in itself as it means the structure will require another support to resist this type of force.
- 4. 2- Fixed Support:- A fixed support is the most rigid type of support or connection. It constrains the member in all translations and rotations (i.e. it cannot move or rotate in any direction). The easiest example of a fixed support would be a pole or column in concrete. The pole cannot twist, rotate or displace; it is basically restricted in all its movements at this connection. Application: Fixed supports are extremely beneficial when you can only use a single support. The fixed support provides all the constraints necessary to ensure the structure is static. It is most widely used as the only support for a cantilever. Limitations: Fixed supports offer absolutely no 'give'. In a sense, its greatest advantage can also be its downfall, as sometimes a structure requires a little deflection or 'play' to protect other surrounding materials. For instance, as concrete continues to gain its strength it also expands. So if a support is not designed correctly the expansion could lead to a reduction in durability.
- 6. 3- Pinned Support :- A pinned support is a very common type of support and is most commonly compared to a hingein civil engineering. Like a hinge, a pinned support allows rotation to occur but no translation (i.e. it resists horizontal and vertical forces but not a moment). Think of your elbow; you are able to extend and flex the elbow (rotation) but you cannot move your forearm left to right (translation). Application: Pinned supports can be used in trusses. By linking multiple members joined by hinge connections, the members will push against each other; inducing an axial force within the member. The benefit of this is that the members contain no internal moment forces, and can be designed according to their axial force only. Limitations: A single pinned support cannot completely restrain a structure, as you need at least two supports to resist the moment.