Ump tutorial 8
- 2. Content theories • Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs • Alderfer’s ERG Theory • Clayton P. Alderfer (1969), simplified Maslow’s theory by categorizing hierarchy of needs into three categories • Physiological and Safety needs are merged in Existence Needs • Belonging needs is named as Relatedness Needs • Self-esteem and Self-actualization needs are merged in Growth Needs
- 3. Content theories • McClelland’s Achievement Need Theory • Needs for achievement • The person who have a high need for achievement seeks achievement and tries to attain challenging goals. • Strong need for feedback • Need for a sense of accomplishment • Take personal responsibility • Needs for affiliation • Needs harmonious relationships • Needs to be accepted by other people • Needs for power • Wants to direct and command other people • Managers • Incentive Theory • Employee will increase her/his effort to obtain a desired reward • Economic man
- 4. Process theories • Equity theory • Equity theory explains the relational satisfaction in terms of fair/unfair distributions of resources within interpersonal relationships. • Pay comparisons between employees • Comparisons with colleagues within and outside organization • Envy • Expectancy theory • Expectancy theory explains the behavioral process of why individuals are motivated to choose one behavioral option over another. It also explains how they make decisions to achieve the outcome that they perceive as most valuable • Driven by expectations
- 5. Process theories • Goal setting theory • Goal setting is a powerful way of motivating people, and of motivating yourself • Clearer and easy to measure goals • Challenging goals • Leading to higher level of performance • Specific goals • Specific goals, rather then try you best • Participation goals • Group performance • Knowledge of results • Feedback and feed forward • Inner work life theory • Own thoughts and feelings
- 6. Process theories • Inner work life theory • Own thoughts and feelings • Source: Buchanan and Huczynsk (2013)
- 7. Group task • In groups of of 6-8, discuss where each of you work/ have worked and select one company where one of you works or has good familiarity with • Which of the 4 process theories (Equity, Expectancy, Goal Setting or Inner Work Life theory) are used in your organization • Choose only one main theory • Explain why you have selected this theory • What are the advantages of the model/ approach to motivating staff? • What problems does this approach have for (a) employees, (b) management, and (c) other stake holders eg customers (if applicable)? • Can the motivational model being used in your organisation be improved? How?