Understanding of Computer | Introduction | Computer In Business
- 2. Introduction Evolution of Computer Generation of Computers Classification of Computer The Computer system Computing Concepts Application of Computer
- 3. Evolution of Computer Manual Computing Devices Automated Computing Devices
- 4. Generation of Computers 1940–1956 First Generation Computers 1956–1963 Second Generation Computers 1964–1975 Third Generation Computers 1975–1989 Fourth Generation Computers 1989 Fifth Generation Computers (After 1989)
- 5. First Generation Computers Vacuum Tubes The first generation computers were employed during the period 1940-1956. These Computer used the vacuum tubes technology for calculation as well as for storage and control purpose
- 6. Second Generation Computers The second generation computers were employed during the period 1965-1963. The main characteristic of these computers was the use of transistors in place of vacuum tubes in building the basic logic circuits. The transistor was invented by Shockley, Brattain and Bardeen in 1947.
- 7. Third Generation Computers The third generation computers were employed during the period 1964-1975. The major characteristic feature of third generation computer systems was the use of Integrated Circuits (IC). The First IC was developed by Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce in the year 1958
- 8. Fourth Generation Computers The fourth generation computers were employed during 1975-1989. The invention of Large Scale Integration (LSI) technology and Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) technology led to the development of fourth generation computers. However, these computers still used the IC technology to build the basic circuits. The LSI technology allowed hundreds of thousands of transistors to be fitted onto a single chip.
- 9. Fifth Generation Computers The period of fifth generation is 1980-till date. In the fifth generation, VLSI technology became ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology, resulting in the production of microprocessor chips having ten million electronic components. This generation is based on parallel processing hardware and AI (Artificial Intelligence) software. AI is an emerging branch in computer science, which interprets the means and method of making computers think like human beings. All the high- level languages like C and C++, Java, .Net etc., are used in this generation.
- 10. Classification of Computer Based on Operation Principles Based on Applications Based on size and Capability
- 11. Based on Operation Principles On the Basis of Operations performed and methods used to store and process the data and information, computers can be classified into the following categories:- Analog Computers Digital Computers Hybrid Computers
- 12. Based on Applications Different Computers are designed for different purposes so that they can perform their tasks according to their capabilities. On the basis of different applications or purposes, computers can be classified into the following categories:- General Purpose Computers. Special Purpose Computers.
- 13. Based on size and Capability Computers differ from each other is terms of their shape, size and weights. Each types of computer performs some unique functions and can be employed in the fields suited for them. These computers also differ in terms of processing speed. Some of them are of moderate speed, whereas some other operate at a very fast speed. On the basis of size and capability, computers can be classified into the following categories Micro Computers Mini Computers Mainframe Computers Super Computers
- 14. The Computer System Hardware Software Data People A Computer System, small or Big, in order to carry out it’s functions successfully must essential include the following four sub systems-
- 15. Hardware Keyboard Mouse Memory CPU Monitor Printer The physical devices that make up the computer are called hardware. The basic Hardware units are –
- 16. Software Application Software System Software The term software refers to a set of programs and instructions that help the computers in carrying out their processing. There are mainly two types of software :-
- 17. Data QUALITATIVE DATA QUANTITATIVE DATA Data refers to the raw facts and pieces of information that is usually entered into the computer system by the user so as to generate the desired output . The data are presented in the form understandable by the computer. Depending on the requirement, data can be presented in two forms:-
- 18. People Computer system are designed by the people for the people. People, therefore, include the people who design and build hardware and software
- 19. Computing Concepts We Can understand how a computer functions by analyzing the fundamental computing concepts the most elementary computing concepts include receiving input known as data from the user, manipulating the input according to the given set of instructions and delivering the output known as information to the user. Various Functions Are :- Accepting the raw data Processing the data Storing Ta data Delivering the output
- 20. Application of Computer Education Business Communicatio n Science Engineering Entertainments Banking Health Government
- 21. Bangladesh Computer Samity & Internet Popularly known as BCS, Bangladesh Computer Samity has been seamlessly catalyzing the public and private sectors’ ICT stakeholders of Bangladesh for last three decades. Established in 1987, this was the first of its kind to emerge as the ICT industry trade association of the country