Unified Smart Utility System For Monitoring Climatic Conditions

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 03 Issue: 02 | Feb-2016 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2016, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 4.45 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 138
UNIFIED SMART UTILITY SYSTEM FOR MONITORING CLIMATIC
CONDITIONS
Shilpa G Pabalkar1, Dr. G S Mundada2
Shilpa G. Pabalkar1 , Pune, E&TC, Pune Maharashtra, India
Dr. G. S. Mundada2 , E&TC Department, PICT, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Abstract: A smart portable and unified utility system for
climatic parameter monitoring has been implemented
using advanced microcontroller with nano watt
technology Our system aims to design and develop real
time monitoring of climatic conditions at a relatively
low cost and portability. The System offers the user
choice and options according to their requirement. In
this paper a system design has been implemented using
microcontroller unit to monitor and record the values
of essential parameters like temperature, humidity,
light intensity and concentration of carbon mono-oxide
in air. Microcontroller communicates with various
sensors to closely monitor and control the different
micro-climatic parameters. Microcontroller then
compares the environmental condition, if any corrective
action is required, it gives the command to run the
actuator circuitry to perform the necessary action as
per situation. Alphanumeric display is used for
displaying real time data acquired from the various
sensors and the status of the various devices that
facilitates user to know real time climatic conditions
and customize the use to meet the demands in
greenhouse, manufacturing industry, food industry,
dairy and fisheries, automobile safety, human safety in
industry, home automation, weather prediction.
Currently available systems offer few parameters for
specific purpose while the proposed system can be used
for multiple purposes. The system presents versatility,
adaptability, multi functionality, portability and cost
effectiveness comparing with other weather monitoring
systems.
Keywords: Sensors, MCU, Relay, CO
Introduction:
The proposed parameter monitoring system is a device
with different sensors, like temperature sensor, humidity
sensor, LDR, gas sensor. These sensors sense different
parameters. The system allow user to choose required
parameter as per specific need. Commercial and
household items which actively monitor the
environmental conditions [1]. In manufacturing process
the temperature of boilers, furnace, fisheries, dairy
industry has to be controlled and kept constant. Humidity
in industries is essential because it may affect the business
cost of the product and the health and safety of the
personnel. Controlled temperature, light intensity is an
essential need in industry research oriented
requirements.[2] Carbon mono-oxide (CO) is a leading
cause of chemical poisoning in both the workplace and the
home. Greatest single source of this pollutant is the
automobile. “The advancement in technology has made
small and reliable electronic sensors capable of
monitoring environmental parameters more favorable”.[3]
Temperature, humidity, Illumination, presence of Carbon
Mono-oxide (CO) in atmosphere, etc which directly or
indirectly govern the plant growth, human health
industrial and automobile safety. Greenhouse humidity
levels can be reduced by removing the moist around the
plants and replacing it with the cooler and drier outside
air. The presently available systems suffer from various
limitations like complex design, inconvenient repairing
and high price. The system is using different sensors and
most advanced microcontroller PIC18F4550.
Microcontroller unit communicates with the various
sensors which monitor and control the climatic
parameters, these sensed climatic parameters viz.
temperature, and humidity, light intensity, and
concentration of CO are monitored. System also employs
an alphanumeric display for continuously showing the
user about the condition. System Block diagram is as
shown in fig. 1.Thus, this system designed is portable an
easy to maintain, flexible and low cost solution. The
system provides reduced power consumption,
maintenance and complexity. Set up can be brought in
realization by simply replacing these simulation devices
by the actual devices.
System Implementation:
Fig. 1. Block Diagram of Climate Parameter Monitoring
System.

Volume: 03 Issue: 01 | Jan-2016 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
Sensors:
LM35 has been used for sensing the temperature. The
temperature can be measured more accurately with it
than using a thermistor. Electrical output is proportional
to the temperature (in o C). Rated for full −55° to +150°C
range. Output voltage varies linearly with temperature.
SY-HS-220 is used for sensing humidity. Relative humidity
is a measure in percentage of the vapor in the air
compared to the total amount of vapor that could be held
in the air at a given temperature. It works with the rated
DC voltage 5V. It operates in the temperature range of 0-
60 0C. It works in the condition where relative humidity
should be 30%-90%. It delivers an output voltage of 33mv
for a rise of one percentage of relative humidity. At
ambient room conditions it has an accuracy of about 0-5%.
SY-HS-220 gives the output in terms of voltage. It converts
relative humidity to voltage. Sensor has good stability with
low cost with excellent Chemical Resistance.
Fig.2 : Characteristics of SY-HS-220
Light Dependent Register: LDR is a device which has a
resistance which varies according to the amount of light
falling on its surface. Since LDR is extremely sensitive in
visible light range. An LDR and a normal resistor are wired
in series across a voltage. Depending on which is tied to
the 5V and which to 0V, the voltage at the point between
them the LDR is the component tied directly to the 5V, the
sensor node will increase in voltage with increasing light.
The LDR's resistance can reach 10 k ohms in dark
conditions and about 100 ohms in full.
MQ-7 is used for sensing the presence of Carbon Monoxide
at concentrations from 10 to 10,000 ppm. The surface
resistance of the sensor Rs is obtained through effected
voltage signal output of the load resistance RL which
series wound. The relationship between them is described
in the following equation RsRL = (Vc-
VRL) / VRL.
Carbon mono-oxide produced by certain industrial
processes. Carbon monoxide (CO) is a leading chemical
pollutant in both the workplace and the home.
Compressed carbon mono-oxide can pose extreme health
and flammability hazards.
Carbon mono-oxide is inhaled through the lungs and
enters the blood stream by combining with hemoglobin.
Carbon mono-oxide interferes with the ability of the blood
to transport oxygen & Hemoglobin means that it prevents
sufficient oxygen from reaching the tissues of the body.
Insufficient oxygen can cause DEATH.
Effects of CO Level of CO
CO in air
(Parts per million)
CO level
in blood
(%)
Normal 1-3 0.8-0.7
Time Weighted
Average Exposure
Value (8 hrs.)
25 5-20
Short-Term Exposure
Value (15 mins.)
Ten percent COHb is
maximum allowable
body burden. Frontal
headache Shortness
of breath
*30-150 50-65
Coma, convulsions 700-1000 Over 70
Unconsciousness and
death
Over 2000
Table 1: CO Level Effects
*http://www.iapa.ca/pdf/carbon_monoxide_feb2003.pdf
Microcontroller:
PIC18F4550 Microcontroller used as interfacing unit to
monitor the climatic parameters offers the advantages as
high computational performance at an economical price.
This microcontroller a logical choice for many high
performance, power sensitive applications. This controller
incorporate on chip 10 bit ADC. Flash memory of 24 KB.
Power Supply:
The 230 V AC supply is converted to required DC supply
using the power supply as shown in fig 3. The first step is
to step down the input voltage by using a step down
transformer. A bridge rectifier circuit is used to convert
the alternating current into unidirectional pulsating
current. Then the output of the bridge rectifier circuit is
given to the filter where the ripples are filtered to get DC
output voltage. IC 7805 is used for regulated supply of +5V
output. This is required for sensors, microcontroller and
LCD circuitry.

Fig. 3: Circuit Diagram of power supply
Methodology:
The sensed climatic parameters are converted into electric
signal in terms of voltages by the sensors. Signals from the
sensors are analog in nature. These analog signals are
given to the microcontrollers on chip ADC which convert
analog signals to digital. The circuit diagram is as shown in
fig.5. Microcontroller constantly monitors the digitized
parameters of the various sensors and varies them with
the predefined threshold values and checks if any
corrective action is required to be taken for the condition
at that instant of time. In case such a situation arises, it
activates the actuators to perform a corrective action.
Measured parameters will be displayed on LCD display.
Following flow chart shown in fig.4 describes the detail
flow of system.
Fig. 4 Flowchart of the system
Result:
The output section consists of (various devices) actuators
like cooler simulated as a fan to reduce the temperature.
Artificial Lights to compensate for lack of sunlight inside
the greenhouse.
Sprayer simulated as a LED to reduce humidity. Alarm as a
buzzer to indicate concentration of CO in air.
These actuators are controlled by the microcontroller.
Alphanumeric display unit will show the values of
parameters
• Cooler (simulated as a fan)
• Artificial Light (simulated as bulb)
• Sprayer (simulated as a LED)
• Alarm(Buzzer)
Parameter
Monitored
Condition
Temperature
Below 35 0C Fan Off
35 0C and above Fan On
Humidity
Below 70 % LED OFF
Above 70 % LED ON
CO Concentration
CO below 30 PPM Buzzer OFF
CO above 30 PPM Buzzer ON
Table 2: Parameters of climate
If temperature is between 0 to 35 0C fan will turn Off, if it
increases above 35 0C fan will turn ON.
If the light intensity is high the bulb is switched off, bulb is
switched on only when the light intensity is low to save
power.
If Humidity is between 0 to 70 % RH (Relative Humidity)
LED will off. As humidity increases above 70 % RH LED
will glow.
If concentration of CO in air is increases above 30 PPM
(parts per million) buzzer will on else buzzer is off.

Fig. 5: Circuit diagram of climate parameter monitoring
system Fig. 6: Prototype of the system
CONCLUSION:
This paper successfully designed and implemented an
automatic system for monitoring and controlling climate
parameters like temperature, humidity, light Intensity,
concentration of CO by using different sensors. These
sensed parameters are monitored by giving the command
to run the actuator circuitry. LCD will display sensed
parameter values. Intension in designing the integrated
multidimensional system for monitoring the different
parameters has been followed. The results obtained from
the measurement have shown that the system
performance is quite reliable and accurate. Further
improvements will be made by using more precise sensors
are developed for use in agricultural and industrial
production, home automation, and automobile safety.
The system provide various advantages over presently
available similar systems reduced power consumption,
maintenance and complexity, low cost, on device display
and portability, user friendly. Simultaneously providing a
flexible and satisfied form of monitoring the climatic
parameters.
Future Scope:
The system can be modified with the use of a data logger
and a graphical LCD panel showing the measured sensor
data over a period of time.
A speaking voice alarm could be used instead of the
normal buzzer.
Proposed system can be advanced using Fuzzy Logic
Controller (FLC) for Performance Improvement
This system can be connected to, cellular phones or
satellite terminal to enable the remote collection of
recorded data or alarming of certain parameters.
References:
[1] Eldhose.K.A, Rosily Antony, Mini.P.K,
Krishnapriya.M.N, Neenu.M.S “Automated

Greenhouse Monitoring System” International
Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology
(IJEIT) ISSN: 2277-3754, pp 164-166, Volume 3,
Issue 10, April 2014.
[2] Dushyant Pande, Jeetender Singh Chauhan, Nitin
Parihar “The Real Time Hardware Design to
Automatically Monitor and Control Light and
Temperature” International Journal of Innovative
Research in Science, Engineering and Technology,
ISSN: 2319-8753, pp 1584-1590, Vol. 2, Issue 5, May
2013
[3] K C Gouda, Preetham V R and M N Shanmukha
Swamy “Microcontroller Based Real Time Weather
Monitoring Device With Gsm” International Journal
of Science, Engineering and Technology Research
(IJSETR), pp 1960-1963, Volume 3, Issue 7, July
2014.
[4] PIC18F4550 Datasheet.
BIOGRAPHIES
Ms. Shilpa G. Pabalkar is currently
pursuing AMIE (Institution of
Engineers India) in Electronics and
Telecommunication Engineering.
Pune.
Dr. G .S. Mundada is Professor
(ECE) and Head T&P Cell at PICT,
Pune. He is having teaching
experience of 20 years, research of 5
years and the area of interest
includes Power Electronics,
Wireless Networks, Application of
Devices and Circuits. He is recipient
of Best Teacher Award of Savitribai
Phule Pune University during 2014-
15.

Unified Smart Utility System For Monitoring Climatic Conditions

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Unified Smart Utility System For Monitoring Climatic Conditions