IRJET- An IoT based Low Cost Air Pollution Monitoring System
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This document describes an IoT-based low-cost air pollution monitoring system. The system uses sensors to measure levels of pollutants like CO, CO2, and NO2. An ARM7 processor collects data from the sensors via a WiFi module. The data is displayed on an LCD screen and uploaded to a web server. This allows air quality to be monitored remotely using a phone or computer. The system is designed to be low-cost compared to traditional methods, making widespread monitoring more feasible. It aims to address the growing problem of air pollution and provide a way to easily track pollution levels over an area.
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 01 | Jan 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 857
An IoT based low cost air pollution monitoring system
M. Prathiba1, V. Phani Bhushan2
1M.Tech student, Dept. Of ECE, PBR Visvodaya Institute of Technology & Sciences, Kavali, SPSR Nellore(Dt)
Andhra Pradesh.
2Associate Professor, Dept. Of ECE, PBR Visvodaya Institute of Technology & Sciences, Kavali, SPSR Nellore(Dt)
Andhra Pradesh.
---------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - The extent of air pollution which is brought
about by vehicles or ventures or people are expanding. Soasto
take care of this significant issue, numerous nations and
regions have just exhibited a progression of emanations
norms, in the mean time a few techniques has been created.
Indeed, even there are various techniques to screen the
contamination content; those are a lot of exorbitant that not
every person can adjust those strategies or gadgets. We are
going to make an IoT based Air pollutionchecking framework,
which screens the Air quality over a web server utilizing
Internet and will trigger a caution when the air quality goes
down past a specific edge level, implies when there are
adequate measure of unsafe gases present noticeable all
around like CO, CO2, NO2. It will show the air quality on LCD
and just as on website page with the goal that we can screen
effectively utilizing mobile phone or PC.
Key Words: Air Pollution, IOT(Internet of things), Wifi
module, Gas sensors
1. INTRODUCTION
Over the past quarter century, therehasbeenan exponential
growth of industries. These industries have caused complex
and high problems to the environment. Considering the
importance of air quality on human lives, the planet Health
Organization (WHO) has developed guidelines for reducing
the health effects of pollution on public health by setting the
bounds of the concentrations of varied air pollutants, a
number of which are ground–level ozone (O3), dioxide
(NO2), and sulphur dioxide (SO2).The firstandtherefore the
foremost is that the severe environmental pollution which
has caused deterioration of atmosphere, global climate
change, stratospheric ozone depletion, loss of biodiversity,
changes in hydrological systems and therefore the supplies
of water, land degradation and stress on systems of food
producing, acid rain, and heating. Stationary and mobile
sources release various chemical pollutants, including
suspended particulate (SPM), carbon monoxide gas (CO),
oxides of nitrogen (NO), oxides of sulfur (SO), lead aerosol,
volatile organic compounds (VOC), and other toxics. It’s
documented that a numberofthesechemical pollutantshave
increased the occurrence of diseases like carcinoma,
pneumonia, asthma, bronchitis, arteria coronaria disease,
and chronic pulmonary diseases. Hence, there's a growing
demand for the environmental pollution monitoring
systems. In sight of the ever-increasing pollution sources
with a range of toxic chemicals, these systems should have
the facilities to detect and quantifythe sourcesrapidly.Using
laboratory analysis, conventional air automatic monitoring
system has relatively complex equipment technology, huge
bulkiness, unstable operation and high cost. High cost and
enormous volume make it impossible for large-scale
istallation. This technique can only be installed in key
monitoring locations of some key enterprises, thus system
data is unavailable to predict overall pollution situation. To
beat defects of traditional monitoring system and detection
methods and to scale back test cost, this work proposes a
way combining IoT technology with environment
monitoring.
2. RELATED WORK
Monitoring environmental conditions in homes are
inspected in [4]. A framework is proposed by author to
watch temperature, humidity and lightweight intensity,
which is predicated on a mixture of pervasive distributed
sensing units, data system for data aggregation, and
reasoning and context awareness. The reliability of the
sensing information is encouraging. Several monitoring
system are proposed recently for environmental pollution
monitoring. While, number of monitoring systems are
specific for monitoring of CO2 (carbon-dioxide). In [5] a
monitoring system is developed which provides the
concentration of Carbon-di-oxideofremotearea.Thesystem
also reports various parameters like temperature,
humidity and lightweight intensity of the outdoor
monitoring area. Similarly, an urban CO2 monitoringsystem
presented by author in [6]. The system operates outdoor at
an populated area around 100 square kilometers. To watch
volatile organic compounds pollution levels in indoor
environments a low-power ZigBee sensor network is
proposed in [7]. A WSN based systemispresentedforindoor
and outdoor air quality monitoring in [8]. An array of
sensors is present at each one node which is connected to
the innermost monitoring unit either hardwired or
wirelessly.
3. PROPOSED SYSTEM
A prototype for an Environmental pollution Monitoring
System for monitoring the concentrations of major air
pollutant gases has been developed. The system uses low
cost air-quality monitoring nodes comprises of low cost
semiconductor gas sensor with Wi-Fi modules. This
technique measures concentrations of gases like CO, CO2](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v7i1142-200215063605/85/IRJET-An-IoT-based-Low-Cost-Air-Pollution-Monitoring-System-1-320.jpg)
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 01 | Jan 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 860
from the hazardous gas. The future scope is that device
which we are having are often wiped out an compact way by
reducing the proportions of the device for further
implementation or the modifications which may be is that
detecting the vehicles amount of pollution which may be
determined. In future the range are often made increased
consistent with the bandwidth for the high range
frequencies. Further researches are often made by making
the people within the right direction for his or her welfare.
Therefore there's another beneficiary by using thisdevice in
an app therefore the all are often utilized in an GSM mobile
phones for his or her daily updates by increasing theirrange
REFERENCES
[1] WHO, “Global ecological Change,” World Health
Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2005.
[2] Air supply Management Centre, “Vehicle-related air
pollutant and community health,” Ministry of Environment
and Natural Resources, Sri Lanka, May 2003, pp. 6–11.
[3] Urban Air Quality Management Project, “crash of fuel
changes on wear out and evaporativeemissions,”Ministryof
Environment and Natural Resources, Sri Lanka, May 2003,
pp. 75–85.
[4] S. Kelly, N. Suryadevara, and S.Mukhopadhyay,“Towards
the implementation of IoT for condition Monitoring in
home,” Sensors Journal, IEEE, vol. 13, no. 10,pp.3846–3853,
Oct. 2013.
[5] H. Yang, Y. Qin, G. Feng, and H. Ci, “Online monitor of
green CO2 storage space and escapeholdupWirelessSensor
networks,” Sensors Journal, IEEE, vol. 13, no. 2,pp.556–562,
Feb. 2013.
[6] X. Mao, X. Miao, Y. He, X.-Y. Li, and Y. Liu, “CitySee: Urban
CO2 monitoring with sensors,” in INFOCOM, 2012 records
IEEE, Mar. 2012, pp. 1611–1619.
[7] C. Peng, K. Qian, and C. Wang, “Design and Application of
a volatile organic compounds Monitoring System supported
a ZigBee Wireless Sensor Network,” Sensors Journal, IEEE,
vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 2255–2268, Apr. 2015.
[8] O. Postolache, J. Pereira, and P. Girao, “Smart sensors
network for air excellence monitor application,”
Instrumentation and Measurement, IEEE Transactions on,
vol. 58, no. 9, pp. 3253– 3262, Sept 2009.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v7i1142-200215063605/85/IRJET-An-IoT-based-Low-Cost-Air-Pollution-Monitoring-System-4-320.jpg)
IRJET- An IoT based Low Cost Air Pollution Monitoring System
- 1. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 07 Issue: 01 | Jan 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 857 An IoT based low cost air pollution monitoring system M. Prathiba1, V. Phani Bhushan2 1M.Tech student, Dept. Of ECE, PBR Visvodaya Institute of Technology & Sciences, Kavali, SPSR Nellore(Dt) Andhra Pradesh. 2Associate Professor, Dept. Of ECE, PBR Visvodaya Institute of Technology & Sciences, Kavali, SPSR Nellore(Dt) Andhra Pradesh. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - The extent of air pollution which is brought about by vehicles or ventures or people are expanding. Soasto take care of this significant issue, numerous nations and regions have just exhibited a progression of emanations norms, in the mean time a few techniques has been created. Indeed, even there are various techniques to screen the contamination content; those are a lot of exorbitant that not every person can adjust those strategies or gadgets. We are going to make an IoT based Air pollutionchecking framework, which screens the Air quality over a web server utilizing Internet and will trigger a caution when the air quality goes down past a specific edge level, implies when there are adequate measure of unsafe gases present noticeable all around like CO, CO2, NO2. It will show the air quality on LCD and just as on website page with the goal that we can screen effectively utilizing mobile phone or PC. Key Words: Air Pollution, IOT(Internet of things), Wifi module, Gas sensors 1. INTRODUCTION Over the past quarter century, therehasbeenan exponential growth of industries. These industries have caused complex and high problems to the environment. Considering the importance of air quality on human lives, the planet Health Organization (WHO) has developed guidelines for reducing the health effects of pollution on public health by setting the bounds of the concentrations of varied air pollutants, a number of which are ground–level ozone (O3), dioxide (NO2), and sulphur dioxide (SO2).The firstandtherefore the foremost is that the severe environmental pollution which has caused deterioration of atmosphere, global climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, loss of biodiversity, changes in hydrological systems and therefore the supplies of water, land degradation and stress on systems of food producing, acid rain, and heating. Stationary and mobile sources release various chemical pollutants, including suspended particulate (SPM), carbon monoxide gas (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NO), oxides of sulfur (SO), lead aerosol, volatile organic compounds (VOC), and other toxics. It’s documented that a numberofthesechemical pollutantshave increased the occurrence of diseases like carcinoma, pneumonia, asthma, bronchitis, arteria coronaria disease, and chronic pulmonary diseases. Hence, there's a growing demand for the environmental pollution monitoring systems. In sight of the ever-increasing pollution sources with a range of toxic chemicals, these systems should have the facilities to detect and quantifythe sourcesrapidly.Using laboratory analysis, conventional air automatic monitoring system has relatively complex equipment technology, huge bulkiness, unstable operation and high cost. High cost and enormous volume make it impossible for large-scale istallation. This technique can only be installed in key monitoring locations of some key enterprises, thus system data is unavailable to predict overall pollution situation. To beat defects of traditional monitoring system and detection methods and to scale back test cost, this work proposes a way combining IoT technology with environment monitoring. 2. RELATED WORK Monitoring environmental conditions in homes are inspected in [4]. A framework is proposed by author to watch temperature, humidity and lightweight intensity, which is predicated on a mixture of pervasive distributed sensing units, data system for data aggregation, and reasoning and context awareness. The reliability of the sensing information is encouraging. Several monitoring system are proposed recently for environmental pollution monitoring. While, number of monitoring systems are specific for monitoring of CO2 (carbon-dioxide). In [5] a monitoring system is developed which provides the concentration of Carbon-di-oxideofremotearea.Thesystem also reports various parameters like temperature, humidity and lightweight intensity of the outdoor monitoring area. Similarly, an urban CO2 monitoringsystem presented by author in [6]. The system operates outdoor at an populated area around 100 square kilometers. To watch volatile organic compounds pollution levels in indoor environments a low-power ZigBee sensor network is proposed in [7]. A WSN based systemispresentedforindoor and outdoor air quality monitoring in [8]. An array of sensors is present at each one node which is connected to the innermost monitoring unit either hardwired or wirelessly. 3. PROPOSED SYSTEM A prototype for an Environmental pollution Monitoring System for monitoring the concentrations of major air pollutant gases has been developed. The system uses low cost air-quality monitoring nodes comprises of low cost semiconductor gas sensor with Wi-Fi modules. This technique measures concentrations of gases like CO, CO2
- 2. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 07 Issue: 01 | Jan 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 858 and No2 using semiconductor sensors. The sensors will gather the info of varied environmental parameters and supply it to micro controller which act as a base station. Realization of knowledge gathered by sensors is displayed on based Web server by using IoT. The elemental aspect of proposed work is to supply low cost infrastructureto enable the info collection and monitoring the pollution levels. BLOCK DIAGRAM Fig -1: Block diagram of proposed system HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS Wi-Fi Module Micro Controller - Arm7 Sensors – Co,Co2,No2 LCD Buzzer Power Supply Unit Miscellaneous Components Arm7 Processor ARM 7 processor is an electronic model usedasa connecting and as well as control link between the devices that areto be controlled. A controller is employed which can be a cellular device or a computer with internet connectivity. A Wi-Fi module is in use which connects the ARM 7 processor to the virtual server. MQ-135 Gas Sensor The MQ-135 gas sensor senses the gases like ammonia nitrogen, oxygen, alcohols, aromatic compounds,sulfideand smoke. The boost converter of the chip MQ-3 gas sensor is PT1301. The operating voltage of this gas sensor is from 2.5V to 5.0V. The MQ-3 gas sensor features a lower conductivity to wash the air as a gas sensing material within the atmosphere we will find polluting gases, but the conductivity of gas sensor increases as the concentration of polluting gas increases. MQ-135 gas sensor are often implemented to detect the smoke, benzene, steamandother harmful gases. It's potential to detect different harmful gases. The MQ-135 gas sensor is low cost to get. The essential image of the MQ-135 sensor is shown within the below figure. Fig -2: MQ135 gas sensor MQ7 Sensor MQ-7 carbon monoxide gas fuel Sensor Module detects the concentrations of CO within the air and outputs its reading as an analog voltage. The sensorcanmeasureconcentrations of 10 to 10,000 ppm. The sensorcanoperateattemperatures from 10 to 50°C and consumes not up to 150 mA at 5 V. This module provides both digital and analog outputs. The intensity for digital output is often easily adjusted using the preset on the board. The MQ-7 sensor module are often easily interfaced with any Micro-controllers like Arduino, arm7 etc. Fig -3: MQ7 gas sensor MQ2 gas sensor MQ2 is one among the commonly used gas sensors in MQ sensor series. It's a Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) type gas Sensor which is also known as Chemi-resistors as the detection is predicated up on change of resistance of the sensing material when the gas comes in touch with the corresponding fabric. Employing a simple potential divider network, concentrations of gas are often detected. Fig -4: MQ2 gas sensor
- 3. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 07 Issue: 01 | Jan 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 859 WI-FI Module HLK-RM04 may be a new low-cost embedded UART-ETH- WIFI module (serial port - Ethernet - Wireless network) developed by Shenzhen Hi-Link Electronic co., Ltd. This product is an embedded module supported the universal serial interface network standard, built-in TCP / IP protocol stack, enabling the user interface, Ethernet, wireless network interface between the conversions. Through the HLK-RM04 module, the normal serial devices don't go to change any configuration; data are often transmitted through the web network. It provides a fast solution for the user’s serial devices to transmit data via Ethernet. Fig -5: UART wifi Module SOFTWARE Using KEIL μ vision software the specified program is made, executed then flashed into ARM 7 processor using UART Bridge. Embedded C is employed and used as coding language. Here UART Bridge was used to transfer data from PC to processor in sequence. Flash magic software is employed for flashing of program. ARM7 processor starts when the facility power supply is given thereto. 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The proposed hardware setup was successfully measured the gases and display on LCD screen and webpage. After sensing the information from totally distinct devices, which we are placed specially area unit of interest. The perceived information are going to be mechanically sent to the local server, once an accurate connection is established with device and server, web page provides the knowledge regarding the intensity of CO2, CO, NO2 level variations during this specific region, wherever the embedded monitoring system is placed. Fig -6: Hardware setup displaying parameters on LCD We have to attach the Wi-Fi of your ESP8266 device first before uploading the code. After uploading, we'll open the serial monitor and it'll display the IP address. Type the corresponding IP address in your browser, it'll showyouthe output as shown below. You'll need to refreshthepageagain if you would like to determine the present Air Quality Value. We've setup an area server to demonstrate its working, but to watch the air quality from anywhere within the world, we'd like to forward the port 80 (used for HTTP or internet) to our local or private IP address (192.168*) of our device. After port forwarding all the incomingconnectionsaregoing to be forwarded to the present local address and you'll open webpage by just entering the general public IP address of your internet from anywhere. We will forward the port by logging into your router (192.168.1.1) and that we can find the choice to setup the port forwarding. Fig -7: Monitoring gas levels on webpage through mobile 5. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE By keeping the embedded devices within the environment for monitoring enables self protection (i.e., smart environment) to the environment. To implement this got to deploy the sensor devices within the environment for collecting the info and analysis. By deploying sensor devices within the environment, we will bring the environment into real world i.e. it can interact with other objects through the network. Then the collected data and analysis results are going to be available to the top user through the Wi-Fi. Hence we conclude our project proposal is all about for the beneficiary to the peoples in our society to stop themselves
- 4. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 07 Issue: 01 | Jan 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 860 from the hazardous gas. The future scope is that device which we are having are often wiped out an compact way by reducing the proportions of the device for further implementation or the modifications which may be is that detecting the vehicles amount of pollution which may be determined. In future the range are often made increased consistent with the bandwidth for the high range frequencies. Further researches are often made by making the people within the right direction for his or her welfare. Therefore there's another beneficiary by using thisdevice in an app therefore the all are often utilized in an GSM mobile phones for his or her daily updates by increasing theirrange REFERENCES [1] WHO, “Global ecological Change,” World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2005. [2] Air supply Management Centre, “Vehicle-related air pollutant and community health,” Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, Sri Lanka, May 2003, pp. 6–11. [3] Urban Air Quality Management Project, “crash of fuel changes on wear out and evaporativeemissions,”Ministryof Environment and Natural Resources, Sri Lanka, May 2003, pp. 75–85. [4] S. Kelly, N. Suryadevara, and S.Mukhopadhyay,“Towards the implementation of IoT for condition Monitoring in home,” Sensors Journal, IEEE, vol. 13, no. 10,pp.3846–3853, Oct. 2013. [5] H. Yang, Y. Qin, G. Feng, and H. Ci, “Online monitor of green CO2 storage space and escapeholdupWirelessSensor networks,” Sensors Journal, IEEE, vol. 13, no. 2,pp.556–562, Feb. 2013. [6] X. Mao, X. Miao, Y. He, X.-Y. Li, and Y. Liu, “CitySee: Urban CO2 monitoring with sensors,” in INFOCOM, 2012 records IEEE, Mar. 2012, pp. 1611–1619. [7] C. Peng, K. Qian, and C. Wang, “Design and Application of a volatile organic compounds Monitoring System supported a ZigBee Wireless Sensor Network,” Sensors Journal, IEEE, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 2255–2268, Apr. 2015. [8] O. Postolache, J. Pereira, and P. Girao, “Smart sensors network for air excellence monitor application,” Instrumentation and Measurement, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 58, no. 9, pp. 3253– 3262, Sept 2009.