Intelligent pollution monitoring using wireless sensor networks

IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Issue: 01 | Jan-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 440
INTELLIGENT POLLUTION MONITORING USING WIRELESS
SENSOR NETWORKS
Gokulram.K1
, Dhakshinamoorthy.T2
1
P.G Scholar, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Tamilnadhu, India
2
Asst.Professor, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Tamilnadhu, India
Abstract
This paper provides an idea to deal with several pollution control measures existing in industries. The pollution likes air pollution
due to release of toxic gases in the industry affects the entire human environment. Similarly, the motion of any living beings in any
restricted area is identified through a PIR sensor. And, finally the water pollution by letting the improperly treated waste water
into the river affects the entire eco system. Air pollution can affect many body organs and systems in addition to the environment.
By the report of the World Health Organization (WHO), air pollution is significant risk factor for multiple health conditions
including skin and eye infections, irritation of the nose. The purity of water content released from the industry is checked through
a pH meter the eel of purity of water should be beyond the standard specified by the pollution control board. This paper helps in
neglecting those factors affecting the human environment through pollution.
Key Words: GSM, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), pH Meter, Gas Sensor, Pollution control board
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1. INTRODUCTION
Several health problems likes heart disease, lung cancer,
pneumonia, bronchitis, difficulty in breathing and coughing
due to aggravated asthma [1] arises due to air pollution. Air
pollution can affect many body organs and systems in
addition to the environment. By the report of the World
Health Organization (WHO), air pollution is significant risk
factor for multiple health conditions including skin and eye
infections, irritation of the nose, throat and eyes [2].
So, it becomes very essential to monitor and
control the air pollution and the best way to control air
pollution is to monitor exceeding levels of air pollutants and
by taking appropriate actions to control it [3]. Several
techniques can be used to monitor air pollution data. The
atmospheric pollution is emitted from factory chimneys in
our state, however, due to the factory chimneys have
characteristics such as widespread distribution range and
high altitude, the environment protection departments have
some difficulties in monitoring the industry chimney, which
causes that the large factory chimneys drain the polluted
waste gas into the sky secretly and arbitrarily, and results in
deterioration of the environment.
Air pollution leads to instability, harmful and undesirable
effects in the environment [4]. With the rapid growth of
industrialization, environmental pollution has become a
large area of concern. The primary pollutants are Carbon
monoxide is a very poisonous gas. It is produced by
incomplete combustion of fuel such as coal or wood, natural
gas [5]. Vehicular exhaust is one of the primary sources of
carbon monoxide. Road vehicles produce 91% of all CO
emissions. When inhaled it
can reduce the oxygen carrying capacity of one„s blood and
can cause headache or fatigue.
They also combine with hydrocarbons to form low level
ozone and may cause lung disease. Sulphur di oxide which
is produced in various industrial processes. The oxidation of
SO2 in the presence of catalysts like NO2 forms H2SO4,
which is acid rain and causes damage to environment [6].
For the control of the air pollution in the environment it
needs continuous monitoring of the quantity of gases present
in the environment. This helps government officials, tourist
and insurance companies, international organizations, and
individuals to access the pollution data [7].
The motion of human beings around any restricted
through the PIR sensor thus preventing them from any
danger that occurs to them. Water pollution is considered as
the major problem.
All these problems are identified through an embedded
controller by acquiring the signals from the sensors. The
three basic sensors used for this purpose are PIR sensor to
identify the identify human beings in the restricted area.
Similarly, the purity of water content released from the
industry is checked through a pH meter the eel of purity of
water should be beyond the standard specified by the
pollution control board. And finally, the merge of toxic
gases is identified through the gas sensor when the level
exceeds the standard maintained by the pollution control
board then necessary action should be taken.
When these above problems are identified a message is
sent to the owner of the industry through mobile and the
owner should take the proper pollution measures within a

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specified period of time. After a specific point of time, if no
proper pollution control measures are taken then a message
will be sent to the pollution control board through mobile.
By this scheme the environment can be saved from
different kinds of pollution problems thus enhancing the life
of human as well as the complete eco system. These
measures are taken according to the standards mentioned by
the pollution control board which enriches the surrounding.
2. BACKGROUND
Different types of sensors are used to implement this idea.
The signals acquired from the sensors are processed in the
controller and proper control measures are taken.
GSM, which is used to transmit the message from a
controller to the mobile possess three basic structures like
base station subsystem, networking and switching
subsystem and the GPS core network.
A pH meter which is used to check the alkalinity of consists
of a special measuring probe which is a glass electrode
connected to an electronic meter that measures and displays
the pH reading.
A gas detector that detects the existence of various gases
whose standard is above the level specified by the
controller. This type of equipment is used to detect a gas
leak and interface with a control system so a process can be
automatically shut down. A gas detector identifies any leak
occurrence and produces an alarm thus giving the human
beings an opportunity to leave the area. This type of device
is important because there are many gases that can be
harmful to organic life, such as humans or animals.
Gas detectors are usually battery operated. They transmit
warnings via a series of audible and visible signals such as
alarms and flashing lights, when dangerous levels of gas
vapours are detected. As detectors measure a gas
concentration, the sensor responds to a calibration gas,
which serves as the reference point or scale. As a sensor‟s
detection exceeds a pre-set alarm level, the alarm or signal
will be activated. As units, gas detectors are produced as
portable or stationary devices. Originally, detectors were
produced to detect a single gas, but modern units may detect
several toxic or combustible gases, or even a combination of
both types.
In this system model, the gas sensor is used to monitor
Carbon di-oxide presence and volume in the industrial
outlet. Similarly the liquid effluents are monitored using the
pH meter. The memory of the system is used as per DAQ
and processing requirements of the system. Fig-1. Flow chart to representing the idea

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3. OPERATION
As shown in figure 2 the block diagram of the system the
signals of gas found and water lever will be measure by the
sensor and acquired by the controller. When the signal level
measured exceeds the reference value as specified in the
controller a message will be sent to the owner of the
industry and after a specific interval of time if no proper
measure is taken a message will be sent to the pollution
control board through GSM.
Fig -2. Block diagram of system
4. SIMULATION
Fig-3. Simulation result of the system
Fig.3 shows the simulation result of the system. The sensor
values are captured and digitized as per required ADC rate.
Here the system is interfaced with the LED for displaying
the measured values of the system. In place of GSM, a
virtual terminal is been interfaced for simulation purposes.
5. HARDWARE MODULE
Fig-4. Hardware components of system
The environment parameters are measured using
aforementioned transducers and processed using PIC
controller. The size of the system can be further reduced in
future up-gradations.
6. CONCLUSION
Thus the several parameters like gas level and purity of
water level are monitored continuously and when the
standard level exceeds a message is sent to the owner as a
warning and even in the case of failure in the measure taken
a message is sent to the pollution control board. Thus the
environment is saved from several hazards of pollution.
.

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REFERENCES
[1] B. V. D. Zwaan and R. Gerlagh, “Economics of
geological CO2 storage and leakage,” Climatic Change, vol.
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[2] M. Argany, M. A. Mostafavi, F. Karimipour, and C.
Gagme, “A GISbased wireless sensor network coverage
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[3] S. M. Klara, R. D. Srivastava, and H. G. McIlvried,
“Integrated collaborativetechnology development program
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[4] S. Solomon, “Carbon dioxide storage: Geological
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[5] I. Brevik, Q. Eiken, R. J. Arts, E. Lindeberg, and E.
Causse, “Expectationsand results from the seismic
monitoring of CO2 injection intoa marine aquifer,” in Proc.
62nd EAGE Conf., Glasgow, U.K., 2000,no. B-21.
[6] D. G. Jones, T. R. Lister, D. J. Smith, J. M. West, P.
Coombs, A. Gadalia,M. Brach, A. Annunziatellis, and S.
Lombardi, “In Salah gas CO2storage JIP: Surface gas and
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[7] Y. J. Jung, Y. K. Lee, D. G. Lee, K. H. Ryu, and S.
Nittel, “Air pollution monitoring system based on geosensor
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BIOGRAPHIES
K.Gokulram: He is Born At Erode. He
Completed Bachelor Of Engineering
(Electronics And Communication
Engineering) In Karpagam College Of
Engineering,Coimbatore,Tamilnadhu,Indi
a.Currently Doing Master Of Engineering
(Embedded Systems)In Kumaraguru
College Of Technology. He presented a paper on national
conference at roever college of engineering about solar
desalination technique and selected as best paper. His Area
of Interest in Microcontroller and Embedded Processors.
T.Dhakshinamoorthy received the
Bachelor’s degree in Electrical and
Electronics from Thanthai Periyar
Govt.InstituteofTechnology,Vellore,Tamiln
adu,India.He received master degree in
Embedded System from CEG, Anna
university, Chennai. He received the Master of Science from
The University of Toledo, Ohio, USA and his Research
Interest RF/Microwave and Photonics, Ohio, USA And His
Research Interest: RF/Microwave And Photonics.

Intelligent pollution monitoring using wireless sensor networks

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Intelligent pollution monitoring using wireless sensor networks