Foundations & Framework: Conceptualizing Theoretical Underpinnings of Instructional Technology
- 1. Foundations & Frameworks: Conceptualizing Theoretical Underpinnings INST 5131 Trends & Issues in Instructional Technology Daniel Lowry University of Houston-Clear Lake Assignment 2 Caroline M. Crawford September 25, 2010
- 2. Psychological Foundations Gagne’s Theory of Instruction Constructivism Behaviorism Cognition Information Processing Cognitive Development
- 3. Gagne’s Theory of Instruction Nine Events of Instruction Reception- Gain Attention Expectancy- Inform Learner of Objectives Retrieval- Stimulate Recall of Prior Learning Selective Perception- Present the Content Semantic Encoding- Provide Learning Guidance Responding- Elicit Performance Reinforcement- Provide Feedback Retrieval & Reinforcement- Assess Performance Retrieval & Generalization- Enhance Retention and Transfer (Driscoll, 2005, p. 373) (Kruse, 2010)
- 4. Constructivism Learner builds knowledge base to meet educational goal Goals Problem Solving Reasoning Critical Thinking Active & Reflective Use of Knowledge Supporting Conditions Embed Learning in Complex, Realistic and Relevant Environments Provide for Social Negotiation Support Multiple Perspectives Encourage Ownership Nurture Self-Awareness (Driscoll, 2005) (Hein, 2010, paragraphs 2-18)
- 5. Behaviorism Response to Stimulus or Reinforcement to Bring About Learning Positive/Negative Reinforcement (Driscoll, 2005) (Standridge, 2010)
- 6. Cognition Information Processing Process Where Skill is Learned and Becomes Part of Memory Receives Sensory Input Information Moves to Sensory Memory Information Moves to Short-term Memory Reinforcement of Information Moves into Long-term Memory Stored and Accessed at Later Time (Driscoll, 2005) (Huitt, 2010)
- 7. Cognitive Development Piaget 4 Stages Sensorimotor- Birth - Age 2 Years Preoperational- Age 2 Years – Age 7 Years Concrete Operational- Age 7 Years- Age 11 Years Formal Operational—Age 11+ (Driscoll, 2005) (Huitt & Hummel, 2003)
- 8. Learning Environments Collective Intelligence Simulation Environments Train the Trainer Mobile Applications Just-in-Time Learning
- 9. Collective Intelligence Shared Information Digital Media Store & Retrieve Information Database Elegant & Everyday Glass Forum (Wikipedia, 2010a) (Elegant & Everyday Glass Forum, 2010)
- 10. Simulation Environments Computer Based Environments Examples Neuron- Simulation of neurons and a network of neurons Atomic Simulation Environment- Simulation of atoms (Atomic Simulation Environment, 2010) (Neuron, 2010)
- 11. Train the Trainer Identify the Training Needs Design the Training Carry out the Training Evaluate the Training (Kentish, 2010)
- 12. Mobile Applications Programs for Mobile Devices Personal Digital Assistants Mobile Cell phones Examples Music Global Positioning Systems Social Networking (Wikipedia, 2010b)
- 13. Learner Motivation Keller’s ARCS Self Regulation Engagement Theory Incentive Theory
- 14. Keller’s ARCS “ The ARCS motivational design process is a systematic problem solving approach that requires knowledge of human motivation and progresses from learner analysis to solution design.” (Keller, 2006, para. 1) Attention Relevance Confidence Satisfaction (Learning-Theories.com, 2010)
- 15. Self Regulation Self Observation Self Judgment Self Reaction (Author unknown, 2010a)
- 16. Engagement Theory Learners Engaged in Learning Activities Through Interaction with Others and Worthwhile Tasks Group Context Project Based Authentic Focus (Kearsley, G & B. Shneiderman, 1999)
- 17. Incentive Theory Environment Brings out Behavior to Reach Goal Intrinsic/Intangible Rewards Feel Good About Yourself Extrinsic/Tangible Rewards Award Public Recognition (Author unknown, 2010b) (Wikipedia, 2010c, paragraphs 9-13)
- 18. My Philosophy Find the Right Way to Meet the Learner’s Needs Psychological Foundations Learning Environments Learner Motivation
- 19. My Philosophy Variables Goal/Objective Learner’s Preferences Learner’s Attitude Learning Environment Learning Situation
- 20. References Atomic Simulation Environment. (2010). Retrieved September 2010 from https://wiki.fysik.dtu.dk/ase/overview.html . Author Unknown. (2010a). Self regulation of learning . Retrieved September 2010 from http://education.calumet.purdue.edu/vockell/EdPsyBook/Edpsy7/edpsy7_self.htm . Author Unknown. (2010b) Incentive theory . Retrieved September 2010 from http://academics.tjhsst.edu/psych/oldPsych/ch9-2/inct.htm . Driscoll, M. (2005). Psychology of learning for instruction. Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc. Elegant and Everyday Glass Forum. (2010). Retrieved September 2010 from http://chataboutdg.codami.com/forums/ . Hein, G. (2010, July). Constructivist learning theory . Retrieved from http://www.exploratorium.edu/IFI/resources/constructivistlearning.html . Huitt, W. (2003). The information processing approach to cognition. Educational Psychology Interactive . Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University. Retrieved September 2010 from, http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/topics/cogsys/infoproc.html . Huitt, W., & J. Hummel. (2003). Piaget's theory of cognitive development. Educational Psychology Interactive . Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University. Retrieved July 2010 from http:// www.edpsycinteractive.org/topics/cogsys/piaget.html Kearsley, G. & J. Shneiderman. (1999). Engagement theory: A framework for technology-based teaching and learning . Retrieved September, 2010 from http://home.sprynet.com/~gkearsley/engage.htm .
- 21. References Keller, J. (2006). ARCS design process . Motivation design. Retrieved September 2010 from http://www.arcsmodel.com/Mot%20dsgn%20A%20prcss.htm . Kentish, L. (2010, May). Train the trainer. Retrieved September, 2010 from http://www.slideshare.net/coachliz/train-the-trainer-4291238 . Kruse, K. (2010, July). Gagne’s nine events of instruction: An introduction . Retrieved from http://www.e-learningguru.com/articles/art3_3.htm . Learning-Theories.com. (2010). ARCS model of motivational design. Retrieved September 2010 from http://www.learning-theories.com/kellers-arcs-model-of-motivational-design.html . Neuron. (2010). Retrieved September 2010 from http:// www.neuron.yale.edu /neuron/ . Standridge, M. (2010, June). Behaviorism . Retrieved from http:// projects.coe.uga.edu/epltt/index.php?title =Behaviorism . Wikipedia. (2010a). Collective intelligence . Retrieved September 2010 from http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collective_intelligence . Wikipedia. (2010b). Mobile application development . Retrieved September 2010 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_application_development . Wikipedia. (2010c). Motivation . Retrieved September 2010 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivation#Incentive_theory .