Unit 2 Grammar
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This document provides information about various past tense verb forms in English including: 1. Past Simple (V2) which is used for single or repeated past actions and past states. Examples are given using time expressions. 2. Past Perfect Simple (had + V3) which is used to talk about actions that happened earlier or before something else in the past. It can also be used for explaining or commenting on past events. 3. Past Progressive (was/were + Ving) which describes things that were in progress or happening repeatedly during a specific time in the past. It can also describe changing states or actions. 4. Past Perfect Progressive (had been + Ving) which is used
Unit 2 Grammar
- 1. Grammar Unit 2 Past Simple/ Past Perfect Simple Past Progressive/ Past Perfect Progressive
- 4. I had just sat down to have lunch when the phone rang.
- 5. The principal couldn’t understand why the watcher hadn’t locked the gate.
- 6. I had just finished reading the book when the teacher walked into the library.
- 7. Nayana phoned her mother when she had done her violin practice.
- 10. Past Simple (V2) Usage Sentence • 1. single past action • 2. repeated past action • 3. past states (long- lasting situations or feelings) • A. I always went shopping on Saturdays. • B. My father knew the Prime Minister. • C. I went to a fashion shop and bought a necklace.
- 11. • Time expressions • I went to the supermarket last Thursday/ at lunchtime/ in the evening • Often the time is understood but not mentioned Oh yes, we had a great time! (at the party last night) Past Simple (V2)
- 12. Past Perfect Simple (had+ V3) • 1. what happened earlier/before ▫ He remembered their previous meeting. She’d told him her life story. • 2. explaining or commenting ▫ Often following “because” I felt uneasy about him because I’d seen his face somewhere before. ▫ Often use words like always, often, never He took a second helping. He’d always liked ice cream.
- 13. • 3. If the order of events is clear (because of words like after, before, as soon as), we can use both forms. ▫ After he had his lunch, he went out. ▫ After he had had lunch, he went out. Past Perfect Simple (had+ V3)
- 14. • 4. common ▫ In reported speech (direct speech) = “We’ve already seen the film.” (reported speech) = They told me they had already seen that film. ▫ With “wish” to express regrets I wish I’d worked harder at school. ▫ In some conditional constructions If I’d gone to Thailand instead of Turkey, I wouldn’t have met you. Past Perfect Simple (had+ V3)
- 17. My mother was cooking while my father was watching tv.
- 22. Past Progressive (was/ were + V.ing) • 1. things in progress at, or during a particular time in the past ▫ At 9 o’clock I was watching a film on TV. ▫ The car was running well during the journey. • 2. repeated actions over a past period of time ▫ Henry was going to evening dance classes when I met him. ▫ He was trying to find a job in Singapore at that time. • 3. something that was changing at a particular time in the past ▫ Tom saw that it was getting light. ▫ The leaves were beginning to change color.
- 26. I had been working hard so I felt that I deserved a holiday.
- 27. They had been travelling for about 20 hours.
- 28. Past Perfect Progressive (had been + V.ing) • 1. An activity which began before the time we are talking about in the past ▫ When you arrived, I’d been watching TV since 7 o’clock. ▫ It was lunchtime and Tom had been working in the garage all that morning. • 2. repeated events over a period up to a moment in the past ▫ The children had been going to school by bus for three months when they cancelled the school bus service.