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- 1. Subject Code - 4040003161 English & Communication SEMESTER: 1 PREPARED BY: Professor Leena Shah
- 2. Unit 2 Types of Communication Types of Communication 2.1 Types of Verbal Communication (Oral Communication, Written Communication) 2.2 Types of Non-Verbal Communication (Sign Language, Body Language, Space Language, Time Language)
- 3. Types of Verbal Communication • Communication is an exchange of information, ideas and emotions with the help of words, letters, symbols or messages which brings about common understanding and response. There are two forms of communication namely verbal and non-verbal communication. • The word 'verbal communication' means "connected with words and the use of the words.” Words are the most accurate and powerful sets of symbols. The words may be spoken or written.
- 4. Oral communication: Oral communication Spoken Communication or the communication employing speech is known as oral communication. It is primarily oral communication that builds up human relationships. Without oral communication any organization will become just life-less because executives spend 30% of their time in speaking. Oral communication includes face to face conversation, telephonic talk, radio-broadcasts, interviews, group discussions, meetings, seminars, speeches, etc. Listening is very important to make oral communication effective. 4
- 5. Advantages of oral communication: Oral communication, which is face-to-face communication with others, has its own benefits. The advantages of Oral communication are: 1. It provides immediate feedback from participants in the communication event. 2. So the speaker enjoys the advantage of understanding the groups that he/she is addressing. 3. It is time saving. 4. It builds up a healthy climate in the organization by bringing the superiors & the subordinates nearer. 5. It is an effective tool of persuasion as it sounds personal. 6. It is also very economical as it saves the money spent on stationery in an organization. 7. It also provides the opportunity to the speaker to correct oneself and make oneself clear by changing his voice, tone, pitch, etc. 5
- 6. " Limitations of Oral Communication” 1. It may not always be time saving. Sometimes, it happens that talks go on and on for a long time without arriving at any satisfactory conclusion. 2. Oral messages cannot always be retained in the listener's memory. The speaker himself may always not recall what he actually said or meant. 3. In the absence of record, oral messages do not have legal validity. 4. If the speaker has not carefully organized his thoughts, oral messages may lead to misunderstanding. 5. The length of the message may pose a problem. If the message is long, it is not always suitable for oral communication. 6. It becomes difficult to fix responsibility for anything going wrong or for any mistake in oral communication. 6
- 7. Written communication • The word 'write' has been derived from the old English word 'written' that means to scratch draw or inscribe. Oral communication comes naturally and spontaneously to human beings, written communication requires a lot of effort. By its very nature, writing is a result of fairly long practice and patience in learning. It is an essential mode of communication in any organization. Modes of transmission have changed but written communication remains as important as ever. Written communication is the backbone of an organization. Almost all communication is in writing. 7
- 8. • 1. It provides us records, references etc so it is very useful when any legal dispute arise. • 2. It promotes uniformity of policy and procedure and builds up proper guidelines for the working of the organization. • 3. It creates the image of the company. • 4. It can be checked for accuracy. • 5. It is permanent. • 6. Responsibility can be easily assigned. • 7. It looks formal and authoritative for action. • 8. It reduces the possibility of misunderstanding. Advantages of Written communication 8
- 9. Limitations of written communication 1. It builds up unmanageable clutter of papers and files. 2. It is costly in terms of money and man-hours. 3. It is time consuming. 4. Immediate feedback is not possible so immediate clarification is not possible. 5. It becomes ineffective in the hands of people who are poor in expression. 6. Written materials may leak out before time. 7. It is very formal in nature so it doesn't have Excessive personal. 9
- 10. • Non-verbal communication is that pattern of communication where words are not required to communicate the message. In our daily life, we are involved with such communication consciously or unconsciously. Many thoughts, expressions or feelings are reflected through such communication. • Non-verbal communication is important to convey feelings or actions in our daily life. Almost 93 percentages of our emotions are reflected through such communication. • There are different types of non-verbal communication methods. The main types of Non-verbal • Communication are: Body Language, Sign Language. Paralanguage, Time and Space Language, Touch language, Silence, etc. 10 Types of Non-Verbal Communication:
- 11. The advantages of non-verbal communication are: 1. You can communicate with someone who is not able to hear. 2. You can communicate at place where you are supposed to maintain silence. 3. You can communicate something which you don't want others to hear or listen to. 4. You can communicate if you are far away from a person. The person can see but not hear you. 5. Non-verbal communication makes conversation short and brief. 6. You can save time and use it as a tool to communicate with people who don't understand your language. The disadvantages of non-verbal communication are: 1. You cannot have long conversation. 2. Cannot discuss the main aspects of your message. 3. Difficult to understand and requires a lot of repetitions. 4. Cannot be used as a public tool for communication. 5. Less influential and cannot be used everywhere. 6. Not everybody prefers to communicate through non-verbal communication. 7. Cannot create an impression upon people/listeners. 11
- 12. • Communication is a process of conveying message from one person to another either with the help of verbal or non-verbal means of communication. • Non-verbal communication is one of the modes of communication where words are not used but signs and symbols are used. • Language is the most systematic set of symbols. • Communication through visuals is very effective. • No words are uttered and yet the message gets across. • These signs or symbols have generally been of two types- visual signs or audio signs. • An organization can make a very profitable use of visual signs like posters, drawings, photographs, cartoons, caricatures, statues, etc., to convey messages for general information. • These types of visual aids clarify points and improve understanding. The main idea of these signals is to inform or to caution the listener. 12 Sign language
- 13. Advantages of visual signals: 1. Visual signals like pictures, posters etc., economize on verbal communication, They very easily convey the message in visual terms, 2. Colorful paintings, photographs etc., make communication interesting and motivate the viewer. 3. Pictures, posters etc., are a reflection of the mental make-up of the communicator and cultural background of the communication. 4. Posters, paintings etc., have an educational value, especially, useful for illiterate workers. 5. Posters are an effective way of advertising. Advantages of Sound signals: 1. Sound signals are very quick in conveying the intended message. For example, the hooting of a siren at once makes the workers active. 2. Sound signals are very useful in time management. 3. Buzzers and such other devices streamline the working of the organization. 13
- 14. 1. Sign language, whether using visual signs or sound signal can communicate only elementary and simple ideas. 2. It is not easy to draw effective pictures, posters, cartoons etc. It requires great skill on the part of the artist. 3. Sign language can be effective in combination with verbal communication. It cannot be a substitute for verbal communication. 4. Sign language is quite likely to be misunderstood in the absence of verbal communication. 5. In verbal communication, spot correction can be made easily. It is not possible in sign language. 14 Limitations of sign language
- 15. Body language falls under the non-verbal pattern of communication. Human beings do not communicate through words alone but there are various other ways to communicate. One of the important ways of communication is Body language. This branch of study is known as 'kinesics’ which means “body movements". Kinesics stands for the way the body communicates without words and through the movements of its parts. Our body while communicating, consciously as well as unconsciously, conveys messages, attitudes, moods, relationships etc. Successful communicator makes a very effective use of facial expressions and gestures. Any intelligent observer can understand this language. What people say is often very different from what they think or feel. With body language you can learn to read other's thoughts by their gestures. The main areas related with body language are: Face, Eye Contact, Gestures, Posture and body shapes, Head position, Expressions 15 Body Language
- 16. Advantages of Body Language: 1. Body language is the most easily visible aspect of communication. It, therefore, helps the receiver in decoding the message. 2. Body language complements verbal communication. Especially in face-to-face communication, no message can be completely sent across without the addition of facial expressions and gestures. It helps in establishing rapport. 3. Body language adds intensity to the process of communication. In the absence of any gestures, change of posture, proper eye contact - any face-to-face communication will look blank or dull. 4. Because people care for body language, it goes a long way to improve the overall atmosphere and looks. Limitations of Body Language: 1. It is a part of non-verbal communication so it can be deceptive or misguiding for the results. 2. Depends upon the family, educational and cultural background of the people which vary from place to place. So it requires people to be careful in their use and understanding. 3. It can be ineffective if the listener is not attentive. 4. It is comparatively more effective in face-to-face communication or small groups than in large gatherings. 16
- 17. People do not communicate by words alone. In fact, there is much more communication that is of non-verbal type. One such important source of nonverbal communication is the space around us that communicates in its own unique way. Communication experts have made serious study of this dimension and called it 'proxemics'. Proxemics is the study of how we communicate with the space around us. We can also call it 'space language', Let us see what use we can make of space to communicate. 17 Space Language : PROXEMICS
- 18. Intimate space language: As the term itself shows we maintain intimate or very close contact within the space of 18 Inches. Mostly only our family members, closest friends and selected people enter this area. In the language used within this small circle not many words are used. We may even talk in whispers. Eye contact, handshake, a pat on the back or shoulders are quite common in this intimate space. This space is very suitable for highly confidential conversation and decisions regarding sensitive matters. We mostly speak in whispers or at a low pitch in intimate space. Personal space language: While in intimate space we mostly speak in whispers or at a low pitch. In personal space that extends from 18 inches to 4 feet we have normal conversation with our close friends, colleagues and visitors. Here we rise above the closed circle of intimacy around us. Although Communication in this circle is also mostly personal in nature, it is relaxed and casual most of the time. However, certain important decisions may be taken in this circle. 18
- 19. Social space language The space extending from 4 to 12 feet has rightly been called the 'social space'. This space is used mostly for formal purposes, & the relationships within this circle are more formal/official. Most of the business is done within this area. While feelings, emotions, likes and dislikes may come up in the Intimate & personal space, the communication in social space is dominated by reason & planning. It is therefore the most important related to spatial dimension in business. Public space language We can very well imagine the nature of communication/speaking in the space extending beyond 12 feet. In this area communication becomes even more formal than in social space, within this large space we have to adopt an attitude of detachment of perception, objectivity of approach and formality of communication/speaking. Here we have also to raise our voice in order to be heard by a much larger group than in social space. That is why it is called public space. If the area in front of us extends as far as we can see we may have to use public address system. Occasions may arise to make important announcements or to address a large number of people. 19
- 20. • Time Language Time language is another type of non-verbal communication. In this non-verbal aspect of communication, we send out messages to others by showing them what time means to us. In this way time is symbolized. Very often we hear the maxim "Time is money". We send out signals regarding the importance of time, a particular point of time, and so on. Time management is now one of the most important parts of overall management. Business community all over the world knows the worth of time. It is this consciousness of the value of time that has led to the invention of many time saving devices. All communication is meant to be suitably timed. We are all in one way or another conscious of the crucial role of time in productivity. Whether somebody reaches a place in time or late makes all the difference. While North Americans are very much time conscious and attaché the highest importance to punctuality, people in the East have a more relaxed approach to time. 20
- 21. EXAMPLES OF NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION ▪Facial Expressions: smile, frown, disgust, anger, boredom, etc. ▪Gestures and movement: tapping fingers, shaking of limbs, fidgeting, turning head and eyes side to side, etc. ▪Voice: non verbal use of voice such as moan, sigh, or even tone. ▪Appearance: Hairstyle, clothing style, body posture, etc ▪Emotions: Joy, sadness, trust, fear, anticipation, surprise, etc. ▪Eye contact: maintain eye contact ensures a confident look. ▪Physical touch: touch such as a firm handshake or a high five. DEPARTMENT OF SILVER OAK COMPUTER APPLICATION, *Proprietary material of SILVER OAK UNIVERSITY
- 22. CLASSIFICATION OF NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION DEPARTMENT OF SILVER OAK COMPUTER APPLICATION, *Proprietary material of SILVER OAK UNIVERSITY Kinesics Proxemics Chronemics Paralanguage Chromatics ▪Facial expression Eye contact Gesture Posture Haptics Touch
- 23. KINESICS Kinesics communication is the technical term for body language, i.e., communicating by body movement. It is the study of facial expressions, postures and gestures. For example a firm handshake or a limp handshake gives away a lot about a person. Different kinds of body languages: Different kinds of facial expressions:
- 24. FACIAL EXPRESSION ❑ Facial expressions are the key characteristics of nonverbal communication ❑ Your facial expression can communicate happiness,sadness,anger,silen ce,fear,etc 24 SILVER OAK COLLEGE OF COMPUTER APPLICATION *Proprietary material of SILVER OAK UNIVERSITY
- 25. PROXEMICS It is the study of how humans take space when they are communicating. For example, the amount of personal space when having an informal communication should be between 18 inches to 4 feet.
- 27. HAPTICS • Haptics is a form of non- verbal communication using a sense of touch. The sense of touch allows one to experience different sensations. The meaning of touch is highly dependent on the relationship between two people and the manner of the touch. For example, a handshake is a common way to greet anyone.
- 28. CHRONEMICS • It refers to a study of the role of time in communication. For example, running late to a job interview gives a bad impression to the prospective employer and gives him a clue that may not be the right person for the job.
- 29. PARALANGUAGE • Its is an area of non verbal communication that stresses on variations in pitch, voice, volume, speed and pauses in a speech. For example, it is commonly perceived that loudness connotes strength and sincerity among Arabs; a soft tone implies weakness and deviousness. Study of paralanguage is called paralinguistic's.
- 30. CHROMATICS It is the use of colours to communicate. It is a vital aspect of non verbal communication. For Example, generally, ‘red’ colour signifies danger or a signal to halt movement of traffic.
- 31. GESTURES ❑ Gestures is a characteristics of non verbal communication in which visible body action communicate particular message. ❑ Gestures include movement of the hands ,face, or other parts of the body 29-06-2024 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, *Proprietary material of SILVER OAK UNIVERSITY 31
- 32. EYE CONTACT ❑Eye contact is an important from of nonverbal communication. ❑Eye contac,a key characteristics of non verbal communication, expresses much without using a single word. ❑In American culture ,maintain eye contact shows respect and indicates interest ❑The way you look at someone communicates interest,affection,hospitality or attraction. ❑Eye contact is also important in maintaining the flow of conversation and for gagging the other person’s response 29-06-2024 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, *Proprietary material of SILVER OAK UNIVERSITY 32
- 33. VERBAL(ORAL) COMMUNICATION Oral (spoken) 1. face to face Verbal communication is a type of communication where we use spoken and written words to get our message and information across to the other person 2. formal /informal on the phone (speaker´s body language is not seen)
- 34. NON-VERBAL