Unit 24 - Bernoulli Principal And Flight
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Bernoulli's principle states that the pressure exerted by a moving fluid decreases as its speed increases. This principle explains how aircraft wings generate lift. Birds are able to fly long distances without flapping by riding air currents. Other examples that use Bernoulli's principle include paper airplanes, frisbees, and hydroplanes that reduce drag in water. The history of flight includes early experimentation and advances such as the Wright Brothers' first powered flight in 1903, paving the way for further technological developments in aviation.
Unit 24 - Bernoulli Principal And Flight
- 1. Unit 24History of Flight and Bernoulli’s Principal
- 3. Bernoulli's PrincipleThe pressure exerted by a moving stream of fluid is less than its surrounding fluid.
- 4. Bernoulli's PrincipleTherefore, as the speed of the fluid increases its pressure decreases.
- 5. Feather and FlapsThey both act to change the angle of air over the wing to control lift
- 6. There are many forces acting on an aircraft. The thrust must be sufficient to overcome drag to give enough lift to overcome gravity
- 7. How Do Birds Do It?They have hollow bones to be very light weight and their strongest muscles are their breast muscles to generate thrust.
- 9. Use of Lift by AnimalsRiding “thermals” condors and hawks can soar for hours without flapping their wings.
- 10. Use of Lift by AnimalsRiding “ocean breezes” albatrosses can literally fly for days between wing flaps just feet above the water.
- 11. Use of Lift by AnimalsFlying fish use their fins as wings to fly above the water. This reduces drag, allowing them to go faster and to avoid predators.Penguins use their wings to “fly” underwater at high velocity
- 12. Variations on the ThemeOther Examples of Bernoulli’s PrincipalPaper airplanes, frisbees, and boomerangs are all examples of using Bernoulli’s Principal to get lift.
- 13. Variations on the ThemeOther Examples of Bernoulli’s PrincipalHydroplanes use lift to reduce the boat’s drag in the water, allowed them to hit speeds in excess of 150 mph
- 14. Variations on the ThemeOther Examples of Bernoulli’s PrincipalHydroplanes use lift to reduce the boat’s drag in the water, allowed them to hit speeds in excess of 150 mphHowever, if they get too far out of the water, it can be bad news.
- 15. HydrofoilsHydrofoils use “wings” underwater to create lift, to reduce drag, for high speed ferries.
- 16. Variations on the ThemeOther Examples of Bernoulli’s PrincipalThe Stealth Fighter and Stealth Bomber are so unstable to fly, that pilots do not actually control them.They are controlled almost completely by computers
- 17. Variations on Flight TodayHelicopters push air downward to riseThe osprey is half-helicopter half-airplaneThe Harrier can rotate its jets downward to take off or land vertically, or can flight like a normal plane
- 18. History of Flight1000 BC to Present
- 19. 1000 BCChinese Invent Kites
- 20. 15th CenturyLeonardo Da Vinci, using the basic principals of flight, draws and explains various possible aircraft types.He never built or attempted to fly them himself.
- 21. 1670’sGiovanni Borelli, a mathematician calculates human muscles are not strong enough for flight.Many attempted before and some still try afterwards.
- 22. 1783Jean François Pilâtre de Rozier and Marquis d'Arlandes make first successful flight in hot air balloon in France. Theyused the concept of bouyancy of gases and density changes withtemperature.
- 23. 1797André Jacques Garnerinis first to successfully descend to the ground on a parachute.
- 24. 1852Henri Giffard makes first steam powered airship that can be propelled and controlled.
- 25. 1891Otto Lilienthal starts flying first successful gliders
- 26. 1902Orville and Wilbur Wright begin flying gliders in preparation for their powered flight attempts.
- 27. 1903The Wright Brothers make first successful powered flights at Kittyhawk, NCFirst flight only lasted 12 seconds and went 120 feet. The longest was 893 feet.
- 28. So Much More Has Occurred SinceIt took many years before flying was common.In doing your assignment, look up advances in flight technology that occurred after the Wright Brothers.